Renal Physiology II Tubular functions

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Renal Physiology II Tubular functions"

Transcription

1 Renal Physiology II Tubular functions LO. 42, 43 Dr. Kékesi Gabriella

2 Basic points of renal physiology 1. Glomerular filtration (GF) a) Ultrafiltration 2. Tubular functions active and passive a) Reabsorption Removal of water and solutes from the tubular fluid b) Secretion secretion of solutes into the tubular fluid

3 Afferent arteriole Tubular functions Efferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Bowman s capsule Tubuli Peritubular capillaries Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Amount excreted Amount Amount = + - filtered secreted Amount reabsorbed

4 Measurement of tubular function Clearance The volume of plasma that is completely cleared from a particular substance in unit time (ml/min) Its significance: Way of subtsances along the urinary system To determine the funcionality of the kidney Determination of RBF, RPF, GFR

5 Plasma Clearance The formula used to calculate the clearance of a substance is: C = V x U/P C = plasma clearance rate in ml/min V = urine production rate in ml/min U = the concentration of a substance in the urine in mg/ml P = the concentration of a substance in the plasma in mg/ml

6 ad. 1 ad. 2 ad. 3 How does the clearance (C) characterize a substance? if C= GFR=120 ml/min pl. inulin if C<GFR no filtered pl. large proteins (C=0 ml/min) filtered, and actively reabsorbed pl. glucose filtered, and passively reabsorbed pl. urea if C>GFR ei. PAH C(PAH)=RPF=660 ml/min

7 Cell subtypes in all segments, and the anatomic differences between them correlate with differences in function.

8 Proximal tubule I. solutes Lumen of tubule Na + -H + exchanger Interstitium Na + -K + pump 3 Na + ATPáz 2 K + Na + H + H + + HCO3- H 2 CO 3 H 2 O + CO 2 H + + OH - + CO 2 H 2 O HCO 3 - Na + 3 HCO 3 - K + channel cotransporter H 2 O, Cl - acid Cl - anion H + Na + K + Cl - Cl - channel cotransporter dissociation

9 Proximal tubule II. Glucose reabsorption sodium-glucose cotransport at the luminar membrane GLUT facilitative transporter toward the interstitium glucosuria Aminoacid reabsorption Sodium-aminoacid cotransporters with different specificity Aminoaciduria Phosphate reabsorption PTH (parathyroid hormone) regulated sodium-phosphate cotransport Reduced phosphate reabsorption Urea (protein metabolism) reabsorption passive diffusion Albumin endocytosis - albuminuria

10 TUBULAR MAXIMUM (Tm) OF GLUCOSE Tm: maximum amount of glucose that can be transported per minute. Threshold: glucose appears in urine below Tm. The threshold is the glucose loading where the tubule with the lowest threshold is saturated. Filtered, Reabsorbed or Excreted glucose (mmol/min) 3 Splay Normal plasma glucose: 5 mmol/l 2 1 Tm REABSORBED Plasma glucose at: Threshold: mmol/l Tm: mol/l Plasma glucose (mmol/l) Reabsorption is saturated Glucose appears in urine Diabetes mellitus

11

12

13 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - kidney Decrease phosphate reabsorption - inactivation of a sodium-phosphate cotransporter in the proximal convoluted tubule Increase calcium reabsorption - in the distal tubule acts on a sodiumcalcium co-transporter (5-10%) Stimulate activation of vitamin D - it activates 1 hydroxylase

14 Proximal tubule III. - secretion Driving force: Na-K pump generated Na + -gradient Low specificity Cationsecretion (ei. creatinine, morphine, atropine) Organic cation/h + exchager at the luminal side Anionsecretion (ei. urate nucleicacid degradation, penicillin, PAH, oxalate, salicylate)

15 Proximal tubule High water permeability (passive) Osmotic diuresis (iv. mannit, diabetic hyperglycaemia) Polyuria and loose of solutes

16 Osmotic diuresis Polyuria Electrolite deficit

17 Loop of Henle Thin descending limb of loop of Henle high permeable cells Passive transports Permeable to water!!! Thin ascending limb of loop of Henle (15%) Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle Active transports: Na + -K + -2Cl - -cotransport inhibitors: furosemide, bumetamide Impermeable to water!!!: no water channels, tight junctions between epithelial cells diluting segment Osmotic gradient inside the kidney

18 Na + & Cl - reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle Ad interstitium

19

20 Distal & connecting tubule Tiazide diuretics Lumen Interstitium 3 Na + Na + -K + pump ATPáz 2 K + Na + Cl - K + conductive K + ch. K + Cl - K + -Cl - cotransporter Ca ++ Na + -K + pump 3 Na + ATPáz 2 K + Ca ++ channel Ca ++ -binding protein Sensitive to calcitriol Binding protein (calbindin) Ca ++ Ca ++ ATPáz Ca ++ pump Na + -Ca ++ exhanger sec. active trp. 3 Na +

21

22 Collecting duct Subsegments Cell types Principal and intercalated cells (α és β sejtek) Regulation of the volume of the urine ADH (diabetes insipidus renal/extrarenal) Set the ph of the urine Intercalated cells Regulation of the osmotic concentration

23 Principal cells K + secretion depends on Na + reabsorption Amiloride-sensitive aldosterone ANP Intercalated cells Regulation of ph of the urine α H + secretion toward the lumen Na + 3 Na + Na + -K + pump ATPáz 2 K + H + pumpa H + ATPáz Cl - H + + OH - + CO H 2 O 2 K + conductive K + ch. K + H + ATPáz HCO - 3 Cl - Cl - K + β H + secretion toward interstitium, HCO 3- secretion toward the lumen aquaporin 2 aquaporin 3 H + ATPáz UTP 1 UTP 2/3 HCO 3 - Cl - Cl - ADH Tubule interstitium Tubule interstitium

24

25 Loop of Henle Zones with different osmolality NaCl, urea and water permeability Countercurrent exchanger Countercurrent multiplier

26 Juxtaglomerularar nephron Vasa recta system

27 Counter-current multiplier mechanism Descending limb of loop of Henle permeable to water NaCl reabsorption is not followed by water in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle NaCl concentration in the interstitium increasing

28

29 Vasa recta counter-current exchanger mechanism H 2 O NaCl, urea H 2 O NaCl, urea H 2 O NaCl, urea Inhibits the wash out of the osmotic gradient from the intersitium Passive Aquaporin 1 water channel, urea transporters Effectivity depends on the flow rate 1200

30 Counter-current mechanisms

31 Osmotic concentration of the urine - ADH 10 L/day Diuresis 70 mosm/l AVP level Dilute urine with high urea content 0.5 L/day Antidiuresis 1200 mosm/l V 2 receptor - AC - camp - aquaporin-2 water channel recycling AVP level Concentrated urine with low urea content

32 CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION: EFFECTS OF ADH

33

11/05/1431. Urine Formation by the Kidneys Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate

11/05/1431. Urine Formation by the Kidneys Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate Urine Formation by the Kidneys Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate Chapter 27 pages 327 347 1 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture you should be able to describe: Absorptive Characteristics

More information

Na + Transport 1 and 2 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D.

Na + Transport 1 and 2 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D. Na + Transport 1 and 2 Linda Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: After studying this lecture, the student should understand: 1. The terminology applied to single nephron function, including the meaning of TF/P

More information

Physio 12 -Summer 02 - Renal Physiology - Page 1

Physio 12 -Summer 02 - Renal Physiology - Page 1 Physiology 12 Kidney and Fluid regulation Guyton Ch 20, 21,22,23 Roles of the Kidney Regulation of body fluid osmolarity and electrolytes Regulation of acid-base balance (ph) Excretion of natural wastes

More information

Functions of Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Functions of Proximal Convoluted Tubules 1. Proximal tubule Solute reabsorption in the proximal tubule is isosmotic (water follows solute osmotically and tubular fluid osmolality remains similar to that of plasma) 60-70% of water and solute reabsorption

More information

Kidney and urine formation

Kidney and urine formation Kidney and urine formation Renal structure & function Urine formation Urinary y concentration and dilution Regulation of urine formation 1 Kidney and urine formation 1.Renal structure & function 1)General

More information

BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues

BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues BCH 450 Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues VII. Renal Structure, Function & Regulation Kidney Function 1. Regulate Extracellular fluid (ECF) (plasma and interstitial fluid) through formation of urine.

More information

RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D.

RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D. RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D. Learning Objectives 1. Identify the region of the renal tubule in which reabsorption and secretion occur. 2. Describe the cellular

More information

Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001

Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001 Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001 1. The molecular weight of calcium is 40 and chloride is 36. How many milligrams of CaCl 2 is required to give 2 meq of calcium? a) 40 b) 72 c) 112 d) 224 2. The extracellular

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (2) Dr. Attila Nagy 2017 TUBULAR FUNCTIONS (Learning objectives 54-57) 1 Tubular Transport About 99% of filtrated water and more than 90% of the filtrated

More information

Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance

Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance Assoc. Prof. MUDr. Markéta Bébarová, Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University This presentation includes only the most important

More information

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17 Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base

More information

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST 014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST Student: 1. Functions of the kidneys include A. the regulation of body salt and water balance. B. hydrogen ion homeostasis. C. the regulation of blood glucose concentration.

More information

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy Kidney Functions: (Eckert 14-17) Mammalian Kidney -Paired -1% body mass -20% blood flow (Eckert 14-17) -Osmoregulation -Blood volume regulation -Maintain proper ion concentrations -Dispose of metabolic

More information

KD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin

KD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin Renal Physiology MCQ KD01 [Mar96] [Apr01] Renal blood flow is dependent on: A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus B. [Na+] at macula densa C. Afferent vasodilatation D. Arterial pressure (poorly worded/recalled

More information

November 30, 2016 & URINE FORMATION

November 30, 2016 & URINE FORMATION & URINE FORMATION REVIEW! Urinary/Renal System 200 litres of blood are filtered daily by the kidneys Usable material: reabsorbed back into blood Waste: drained into the bladder away from the heart to the

More information

Renal System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University

Renal System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University Renal System Dr. Naim Kittana Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences An-Najah National University Declaration The content and the figures of this seminar were directly

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 1. a. Proximal tubule. b. Proximal tubule. c. Glomerular endothelial fenestrae, filtration slits between podocytes of Bowman's capsule.

More information

Renal Physiology - Lectures

Renal Physiology - Lectures Renal Physiology - Lectures Physiology of Body Fluids PROBLEM SET, RESEARCH ARTICLE Structure & Function of the Kidneys Renal Clearance & Glomerular Filtration PROBLEM SET Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

More information

1. remove: waste products: urea, creatinine, and uric acid foreign chemicals: drugs, water soluble vitamins, and food additives, etc.

1. remove: waste products: urea, creatinine, and uric acid foreign chemicals: drugs, water soluble vitamins, and food additives, etc. Making Water! OR is it really Just Water Just Ask the Nephron!! Author: Patricia L. Ostlund ostlundp@faytechcc.edu (910) 678-9892 Fayetteville Technical Community College Fayetteville, NC 28303 Its just

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.44 - OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.44 - OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION. !! www.clutchprep.com Osmoregulation regulation of solute balance and water loss to maintain homeostasis of water content Excretion process of eliminating waste from the body, like nitrogenous waste Kidney

More information

Hill et al. 2004, Fig. 27.6

Hill et al. 2004, Fig. 27.6 Lecture 25, 15 November 2005 Osmoregulation (Chapters 25-28) Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University of Arizona Fall 2005 1. Osmoregulation 2. Kidney Function Text: Chapters

More information

Excretion Chapter 29. The Mammalian Excretory System consists of. The Kidney. The Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney.

Excretion Chapter 29. The Mammalian Excretory System consists of. The Kidney. The Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney. Excretion Chapter 29 The Mammalian Excretory System consists of The Kidney 1. Vertebrate kidneys perform A. Ion balance B. Osmotic balance C. Blood pressure D. ph balance E. Excretion F. Hormone production

More information

Renal physiology II. Basic renal processes. Dr Alida Koorts BMS

Renal physiology II. Basic renal processes. Dr Alida Koorts BMS Renal physiology II Basic renal processes Dr Alida Koorts BMS 7-12 012 319 2921 akoorts@medic.up.ac.za Basic renal processes 1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion Glomerular filtration The filtration

More information

Identify and describe. mechanism involved in Glucose reabsorption

Identify and describe. mechanism involved in Glucose reabsorption Define tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, transcellular and paracellular transport. Identify and describe mechanism involved in Glucose reabsorption Describe tubular secretion with PAH transport

More information

Chapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine

Chapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine Chapter 23 Composition and Properties of Urine Composition and Properties of Urine (1 of 2) urinalysis the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine appearance - clear, almost colorless

More information

osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys

osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys Ionic & Osmotic Homeostasis osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys extracellular intracellular 22 23 Salt Secretion: recycle Figure in Box 26.2 Hill et al. 2004 active Down electrochemical

More information

The principal functions of the kidneys

The principal functions of the kidneys Renal physiology The principal functions of the kidneys Formation and excretion of urine Excretion of waste products, drugs, and toxins Regulation of body water and mineral content of the body Maintenance

More information

Answers and Explanations

Answers and Explanations Answers and Explanations 1. The answer is D [V B 4 b]. Distal K + secretion is decreased by factors that decrease the driving force for passive diffusion of K + across the luminal membrane. Because spironolactone

More information

Normal Renal Function

Normal Renal Function Normal Renal Function Functions of the Kidney: balances solute and water transport excretes metabolic waste products conserves nutrient regulates acid-base balance secretes hormones that help regulate

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (4) Dr. Attila Nagy 2018

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (4) Dr. Attila Nagy 2018 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (4) Dr. Attila Nagy 2018 Intercalated cells Intercalated cells secrete either H + (Typ A) or HCO 3- (Typ B). In intercalated cells Typ A can be observed

More information

Nephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S

Nephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S Nephron Function and Urine Formation Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S The Role of the Nephron In order for the body to properly function and maintain homeostasis, the amount of dissolved substances

More information

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion.

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The Kidney Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The kidney has 6 roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Main Functions 1. Ion Balance

More information

RENAL. 6. Renal acid secretion is affected by all of the following except a. pco 2 b. K c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Aldosterone e. Ca

RENAL. 6. Renal acid secretion is affected by all of the following except a. pco 2 b. K c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Aldosterone e. Ca RENAL 1. The reabsorption of Na in the proximal tubules a. Reabsorbs 80% of the filtered sodium load b. Causes increased hypertonicity c. Is powered by N/H ATPase d. Shares a common carrier with glucose

More information

BLOCK REVIEW Renal Physiology. May 9, 2011 Koeppen & Stanton. EXAM May 12, Tubular Epithelium

BLOCK REVIEW Renal Physiology. May 9, 2011 Koeppen & Stanton. EXAM May 12, Tubular Epithelium BLOCK REVIEW Renal Physiology Lisa M. HarrisonBernard, Ph.D. May 9, 2011 Koeppen & Stanton EXAM May 12, 2011 Tubular Epithelium Reabsorption Secretion 1 1. 20, 40, 60 rule for body fluid volumes 2. ECF

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures URINARY SYSTEM Primary functions Excretion of metabolic wastes Regulation of water and ion balances Regulation of blood pressure Vitamin D activation Regulation of rbc s (erythropoietin) Gluconeogenesis

More information

Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions

Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions Assoc. Prof. MUDr. Markéta Bébarová, Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University This presentation includes only the most

More information

Other Factors Affecting GFR. Chapter 25. After Filtration. Reabsorption and Secretion. 5 Functions of the PCT

Other Factors Affecting GFR. Chapter 25. After Filtration. Reabsorption and Secretion. 5 Functions of the PCT Other Factors Affecting GFR Chapter 25 Part 2. Renal Physiology Nitric oxide vasodilator produced by the vascular endothelium Adenosine vasoconstrictor of renal vasculature Endothelin a powerful vasoconstrictor

More information

Ch 17 Physiology of the Kidneys

Ch 17 Physiology of the Kidneys Ch 17 Physiology of the Kidneys Review Anatomy on your own SLOs List and describe the 4 major functions of the kidneys. List and explain the 4 processes of the urinary system. Diagram the filtration barriers

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 Renal Functions Primary Function is to regulate the chemistry of plasma through urine formation Additional Functions Regulate concentration of waste products Regulate

More information

** TMP mean page 340 in 12 th edition. Questions 1 and 2 Use the following clinical laboratory test results for questions 1 and 2:

** TMP mean page 340 in 12 th edition. Questions 1 and 2 Use the following clinical laboratory test results for questions 1 and 2: QUESTION Questions 1 and 2 Use the following clinical laboratory test results for questions 1 and 2: Urine flow rate = 1 ml/min Urine inulin concentration = 100 mg/ml Plasma inulin concentration = 2 mg/ml

More information

Human Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology

Human Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology Human Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper

More information

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ** Note: the curve discussed in this page [TF]/[P] curve is found in the slides, so please refer to them.**

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ** Note: the curve discussed in this page [TF]/[P] curve is found in the slides, so please refer to them.** بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ** Note: the curve discussed in this page [TF]/[P] curve is found in the slides, so please refer to them.** INULIN characteristics : 1 filtered 100 %. 2-Not secreted. 3-Not reabsorbed

More information

Renal Functions: Renal Functions: Renal Function: Produce Urine

Renal Functions: Renal Functions: Renal Function: Produce Urine Renal Functions: Excrete metabolic waste products Reabsorb vital nutrients Regulate osmolarity: Maintain ion balance Regulate extracellular fluid volume (and thus blood pressure) Renal Functions: Regulate

More information

Nephron Structure inside Kidney:

Nephron Structure inside Kidney: In-Depth on Kidney Nephron Structure inside Kidney: - Each nephron has two capillary regions in close proximity to the nephron tubule, the first capillary bed for fluid exchange is called the glomerulus,

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1)

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1) RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1) Dr. Attila Nagy 2017 Functional roles of the kidney 1.Homeostasis of fluid compartments (isosmia, isovolemia, isoionia, isohydria,) 2. Elimination

More information

Done By: Lulu Al-Obaid - Abdulrahman Al-Rashed Reviewed By: Mohammed Jameel Khulood Al-Raddadi

Done By: Lulu Al-Obaid - Abdulrahman Al-Rashed Reviewed By: Mohammed Jameel Khulood Al-Raddadi Done By: Lulu Al-Obaid - Abdulrahman Al-Rashed Reviewed By: Mohammed Jameel Khulood Al-Raddadi At the end of this lecture student should be able to describe: The loop of Henle is referred to as countercurrent

More information

Chapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Chapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Chapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Chapter Outline The Concept of Balance Water Balance Sodium Balance Potassium Balance Calcium Balance Interactions between Fluid and Electrolyte

More information

Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose. Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health

Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose. Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health Objectives Overview of kidney structure & function Glomerular

More information

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Fluid pressure exerted by blood within glomerular capillaries Depends on Contraction of the heart Resistance to blood flow offered by afferent and efferent arterioles

More information

One Minute Movies: Molecular Action at the Nephron Joy Killough / Westwood High School / Austin,TX

One Minute Movies: Molecular Action at the Nephron Joy Killough / Westwood High School / Austin,TX One Minute Movies: Molecular Action at the Nephron Joy Killough / Westwood High School / Austin,TX To prepare your nephron model: ( A nephron is a tubule and the glomerulus. There are about a million of

More information

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Urinary System Organs Kidney Filters blood, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters

More information

Renal System and Excretion

Renal System and Excretion Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function

More information

Urinary System. Dr. ZHANG Xiong. Dept. of Physiology. ZJU School of Medicine. QUESTION 6

Urinary System. Dr. ZHANG Xiong. Dept. of Physiology. ZJU School of Medicine.  QUESTION 6 Urinary System Dr. ZHANG Xiong Dept. of Physiology ZJU School of Medicine http://10.71.121.158 Copyright@ Xiong Zhang QUESTION 6 How is the filtrate reabsorbed in tubular system? Copyright@ Xiong Zhang

More information

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra Urinary System 1 Urinary System consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra 2 Location of Kidneys The kidneys which are positioned retroperitoneally lie on either side of the vertebral

More information

Chapter 25 The Urinary System

Chapter 25 The Urinary System Chapter 25 The Urinary System 10/30/2013 MDufilho 1 Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph Gluconeogenesis

More information

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 Name: 1. The kidney functions in A. preventing blood loss. C. synthesis of vitamin E. E. making ADH. B. white blood cell production. D. excretion of metabolic wastes.

More information

mid ihsan (Physiology ) GFR is increased when A -Renal blood flow is increased B -Sym. Ganglion activity is reduced C-A and B **

mid ihsan (Physiology ) GFR is increased when A -Renal blood flow is increased B -Sym. Ganglion activity is reduced C-A and B ** (Physiology ) mid ihsan GFR is increased when A -Renal blood flow is increased B -Sym. Ganglion activity is reduced C-A and B ** Colloid pressure in the efferent arteriole is: A- More than that leaving

More information

Overview of Kidney Function

Overview of Kidney Function The Kidney Overview of Kidney Function osmolarity of the body fluids volume of ECF plasma ph waste products (urea, uric acid, creatinine, foreign compounds) synthesis of: - EPO, renin, kallikrein, prostaglandins,

More information

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure.

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Class: A&P2-1 Description: Test: Excretory Test Points: 144 Test Number: 28379 Printed: 31-March-10 12:03 1) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Click on the Bowman's

More information

1.&Glomerular/Pressure&Filtration&

1.&Glomerular/Pressure&Filtration& Urine&Formation& Overall&Process&! Urine gets rid of wastes (NH 3, urea, uric acid, creatinine) and other substances (vitamins, penicillin, histamines) found in excess in the blood!! blood is filtered

More information

Kidney Physiology. Mechanisms of Urine Formation TUBULAR SECRETION Eunise A. Foster Shalonda Reed

Kidney Physiology. Mechanisms of Urine Formation TUBULAR SECRETION Eunise A. Foster Shalonda Reed Kidney Physiology Mechanisms of Urine Formation TUBULAR SECRETION Eunise A. Foster Shalonda Reed The purpose of tubular secrection To dispose of certain substances that are bound to plasma proteins. To

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1)

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1) RENAL PHYSIOLOGY, HOMEOSTASIS OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS (1) Dr. Attila Nagy 2017 Functional role of the kidney 1.Homeostasis of fluid compartments (isosmia, isovolemia, isoionia, isohydria,) 2. Elimination

More information

Diagram of the inner portions of the kidney

Diagram of the inner portions of the kidney Excretory and Endocrine functions of the kidney The kidneys are the main excretory organs which eliminate in the urine, most metabolites primarily those containing nitrogen such as ammonia, urea and creatinine.

More information

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System Chapter 50 Challenge Questions Indicate the areas of the nephron that the following hormones target, and describe when and how the hormones elicit their actions.

More information

Moayyad Al-Shafei. - Saad Hayek. - Yanal Shafaqoj. 1 P a g e

Moayyad Al-Shafei. - Saad Hayek. - Yanal Shafaqoj. 1 P a g e - 5 - Moayyad Al-Shafei - Saad Hayek - Yanal Shafaqoj 1 P a g e In this lecture we are going to study the tubular reabsorption of Na+. We know that the body must maintain its homeostasis by keeping its

More information

Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD

Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood glucose

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Danil Hammoudi.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood

More information

Renal-Related Questions

Renal-Related Questions Renal-Related Questions 1) List the major segments of the nephron and for each segment describe in a single sentence what happens to sodium there. (10 points). 2) a) Describe the handling by the nephron

More information

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 18 Urinary System 3 Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan o Principles of

More information

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016 Urine Formation Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages 9-17 Filtrate Blood plasma minus most proteins Urine

More information

organs of the urinary system

organs of the urinary system organs of the urinary system Kidneys (2) bean-shaped, fist-sized organ where urine is formed. Lie on either sides of the vertebral column, in a depression beneath peritoneum and protected by lower ribs

More information

QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 2 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19

QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 2 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19 1 QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 2 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19 Learning Objectives: Differentiate the following processes: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

More information

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most

More information

Chapter 25: Urinary System

Chapter 25: Urinary System Chapter 25: Urinary System I. Kidney anatomy: retroperitoneal from 12 th thoracic to 3 rd lumbar area A. External anatomy: hilus is the indentation 1. Adrenal gland: in the fat at the superior end of each

More information

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M URINARY SYSTEM CONTRIBUTION TO HOMEOSTASIS Regulates body water levels Excess water taken in is excreted Output varies from 2-1/2 liter/day to 1 liter/hour

More information

Functions of the kidney

Functions of the kidney Physiology of Urinary tract Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder Urethra Kidney function Excretion Physiology of volume regulation Functions of the kidney Excretion of dangerous substances endogenous (metabolites):

More information

Human Urogenital System 26-1

Human Urogenital System 26-1 Human Urogenital System 26-1 Urogenital System Functions Filtering of blood, Removal of wastes and metabolites Regulation of blood volume and composition concentration of blood solutes ph of extracellular

More information

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 1. In which abdominal cavity do the kidneys lie? a) Peritoneum. b) Anteperitoneal. c) Retroperitoneal. d) Parietal peritoneal 2. What is the

More information

Na concentration in the extracellular compartment is 140

Na concentration in the extracellular compartment is 140 هللامسب Na regulation: Na concentration in the extracellular compartment is 140 meq\l. Na is important because: -It determines the volume of extracellular fluid : the more Na intake will expand extracellular

More information

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus /6/0 About this Chapter Functions of the Kidneys Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Secretion Micturition Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of

More information

Homeostatic Regulation

Homeostatic Regulation Homeostatic Regulation A hormone is :a Water-soluble hormones: Composed of amino acids and bind a receptor protein on the of the target cell. This starts a signal cascade inside the cell and the signal

More information

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system

More information

5.Which part of the nephron removes water, ions and nutrients from the blood?

5.Which part of the nephron removes water, ions and nutrients from the blood? Uro question 1.While reading a blood test I notice a high level of creatinine, I could assume from this that A) There is a possibility of a UTI B) There is a possibility of diabetes C) There is a possibility

More information

Potassium secretion. E k = -61 log ([k] inside / [k] outside).

Potassium secretion. E k = -61 log ([k] inside / [k] outside). 1 Potassium secretion In this sheet, we will continue talking about ultrafiltration in kidney but with different substance which is K+. Here are some informations that you should know about potassium;

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1 Terms you should understand by the end of this section: diuresis, antidiuresis, osmoreceptors, atrial stretch

More information

The kidney. (Pseudo) Practical questions. The kidneys are all about keeping the body s homeostasis. for questions Ella

The kidney. (Pseudo) Practical questions. The kidneys are all about keeping the body s homeostasis. for questions Ella The kidney (Pseudo) Practical questions for questions Ella (striemit@gmail.com) The kidneys are all about keeping the body s homeostasis Ingestion Product of metabolism H 2 O Ca ++ Cl - K + Na + H 2 O

More information

Anatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System

Anatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System Anatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System 1) In the space below, list the primary structures (organs) and their corresponding functions. Structures: Functions: KIDNEY 1) URETER BLADDER URETHRA

More information

Urinary System BIO 250. Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat. Routes of Waste Elimination

Urinary System BIO 250. Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat. Routes of Waste Elimination Urinary System BIO 250 Waste Products of Metabolism Urea Carbon dioxide Inorganic salts Water Heat Routes of Waste Elimination Skin: Variable amounts of heat, salts, and water; small amounts of urea and

More information

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste:

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: a) Carbon Dioxide: by-product of cellular respiration. b) Water: by-product of cellular respiration & dehydration synthesis reactions. c) Inorganic Salts: by-product

More information

URINE CONCENTRATION AND REGULATION OF ECF OSMOLARITY

URINE CONCENTRATION AND REGULATION OF ECF OSMOLARITY URINE CONCENTRATION AND REGULATION OF ECF OSMOLARITY Dilute and concentrated urine 1-Dilute urine : Nephron function continuous reabsorption. Solutes while failing to reabsorbe water in distal tubule and

More information

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!)

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Questions? Homework due in lab 6 PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Part 3 Variations in Urine Formation Composition varies Fluid volume Solute concentration Variations in Urine Formation

More information

Faculty version with model answers

Faculty version with model answers Faculty version with model answers Urinary Dilution & Concentration Bruce M. Koeppen, M.D., Ph.D. University of Connecticut Health Center 1. Increased urine output (polyuria) can result in a number of

More information

MS1 Physiology Review of Na+, K+, H + /HCO 3. /Acid-base, Ca+² and PO 4 physiology

MS1 Physiology Review of Na+, K+, H + /HCO 3. /Acid-base, Ca+² and PO 4 physiology MS1 Physiology Review of,, / /Acidbase, Ca+² and PO 4 physiology I. David Weiner, M.D. Professor of Medicine and Physiology University of Florida College of Medicine Basic principles Proximal tubule Majority

More information

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of

More information

Outline Urinary System

Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM RENAL PHYSIOLOGY - ANATOMY Glomerulus + renal tubule Each kidney has 1.3 million nephrons Cortical nephrons (85%) have shorter Loop of Henle than Juxtamedullary nephrons

More information

Ren e a n l a l f un u c n t c io i n o s n Biochemistry II Lecture (J.S.) 1

Ren e a n l a l f un u c n t c io i n o s n Biochemistry II Lecture (J.S.) 1 Renal functions Biochemistry II Lecture 10 2008 (J.S.) 1 The main functions of the kidneys Maintaining of the composition, osmolality, and volume of ECF Excretion of nitrogenous catabolites (urea, uric

More information

Renal Reabsorption & Secretion

Renal Reabsorption & Secretion Renal Reabsorption & Secretion Topics for today: Nephron processing of filtrate Control of glomerular filtration Reabsorption and secretion Examples of solute clearance rates Hormones affecting kidney

More information

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System Urinary System Organization The Golden Rule: The Job of The Urinary System is to Maintain the Composition and Volume of ECF remember this & all else will fall in place! Functions of the Urinary System

More information

Sodium and chlorine transport

Sodium and chlorine transport Kidney physiology 2 Sodium and chlorine transport The kidneys help to maintain the body's extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by regulating the amount of Na+ in the urine. Sodium salts (predominantly NaCl)

More information