Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Glucagon. Veniamin Lapko, Ph.D June 21, 2011
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1 Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Glucagon Veniamin Lapko, Ph.D June 21, 2011
2 Contents Comparison with small molecule LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS sensitivity of peptides detection Stability: neat vs. matrix solutions Method: extraction & LC-MS/MS Reference material Conclusions
3 Examples for Improvement of Peptides MS/MS Sensitivity Negative ESI MS/MS with loss of water β-amyloid peptides, 100 pg/ml Sequence specific fragmentation cleavage of peptide bonds involving Pro residues Chemical modification Cys residues derivatization with iodoacetamide (terlipressin) increases MRM response by ~ 5-fold
4 Glucagon MS/MS NH 2 -His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser- Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu- Met-Asn-Thr-COOH +3 Multiple-charged species in ESI mass spectra Unique highly efficient fragmentation of M +5 ions with loss of ammonia Other peptides with N-terminal His share this fragmentation feature, including glucagon analogs missing Thr 5 and Thr 7
5 Selectivity/Efficiency of Glucagon MRM M +5 (M-17) +5 M +4 M +4 Blank 10 ng/ml Selectivity: distinct difference between blank and spiked samples MRM Efficiency: relative increase of the analyte response in spiked samples vs blanks for both transitions is approximately the same [peak area counts: 103,000 (M +5 MRM) vs. 114,000 (M +4 MRM)]
6 Glucagon Stability (Neat Solutions) Soluble in acidic (ph < 3) and basic (ph >9.5) solutions Chemically stable: decomposition of Trp, Met oxidation, deamidation of Asn/Gln, or peptide bonds hydrolysis only significant in relatively harsh conditions Prevention of adsorption: coating of polypropylene tubes with BSA Glucagon solution below 50 µg/ml: addition of keeper peptides Choice of keeper peptide/compound: lack of interferences, compatibility with method/analyte Extracted samples: no adsorptions (96 hours, 5 o C)
7 Glucagon Stability (Plasma) Proteolysis rate is matrix lot-dependent In some lots of human plasma, aprotinin alone (250 KIU/mL) does not provide sufficient glucagon stability Cocktail of inhibitors was developed to enhance glucagon stability in human plasma and in whole blood Proteolysis rates of (des-thr 5 )- and (des-thr 7 )-glucagon variants are similar to glucagon degradation rates
8 Enhancement of Glucagon Stability in Plasma Human: Short-term stability (17 hours) of Test QC samples on an ice water bath Inhibitor Aprotinin 250 KIU/mL Cocktail of inhibitors Control QC STS QC Control QC STS QC Mean % CV Stability (% of Control) Rat: Acidification of plasma is also required to provide sample integrity along with addition of protease inhibitor cocktail
9 Glucagon Method: Extraction Ion-exchange 96-well plates Sample incubation with detergent & acetonitrile Minimize protein binding Improve accuracy of quantitation in matrix from multiple donors SPE washes with several organic solvents Ensure consistency of the analyte/is recovery Lack of matrix effect Internal standard: (des-thr 7 )-glucagon
10 Glucagon Method: LC-MS/MS Parallel-column system (Agilent Zorbax 300SB-C18, 3.5 µm, 50x2.1 mm) Isocratic elution on column 1 (analysis) Gradient regeneration on column 2 Advantages: Stability of LC-MS/MS system (ratio & response) Lack of carry-over Run time < 4 minutes
11 Glucagon (Human Plasma) Method Parameters Analytical range: ,000 pg/ml Dilution integrity: up to 25,000 pg/ml Sample volume: ml Sample collection and handling stability: 2 hours (5 o C) Short-term stability in matrix: 14 hours (5 o C)
12 Glucagon Extracted Samples Glucagon Internal Standard Glucagon Internal Standard Double Blank 100 pg/ml Blank pg/ml
13 Evaluation of Glucagon Endogenous Level Glucagon Internal Standard Lot 1 (~55 pg/ml) Lot 2 (~25 pg/ml)
14 Glucagon Reference Standards Glucagon Internal Standard Ph. Eur. Glucagon Synthetic Glucagon Impurity Concentrations of glucagon as European Pharmacopeia Reference Standard and glucagon from commercially available Eli Lilly Glucagon Emergency Kit matched well Some synthetic preparations may contain a significant amount of peptide impurities not shown in Certificate of Analysis
15 LC-MS/MS vs Immunochemical Methods (Selectivity) Glucagon (RIA vs LC-MS/MS) Low concentration quality control samples (140 pg/ml, RIA method) had no detectable intact glucagon in LC-MS/MS method 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin F 2α (ELISA vs LC- MS/MS) Analytical samples: up to 200-fold difference in concentrations between methods
16 Conclusions Some challenges in LC-MS/MS with peptides similar to those with small molecules Glucagon MRM transition with loss of ammonia provides an easy LC-MS/MS solution Several inhibitors are required to ensure glucagon stability in human plasma LC-MS/MS glucagon method advantages More selective than immunochemical Lack of matrix effect Large linear range
17 Acknowledgements Paul Brown Chris Kafonek Alan Dzerk Brendon Retke Corey Ohnmacht Ridha Nachi Sarah Roby Patrick Miller Curtis Sheldon
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