Half yearly news letter

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1 Half yearly news letter Issue 8, Apr 2015 Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy Imparts Pharmaceutical Education of International Standards Bachupally, Hyderabad-90 Telangana, India

2 Contents 1. Eco Friendly Pharmaceutical Applications of Hydrotropic Agents i Glp-1 analogs in the Management of type-2 diabetes mellitus: A New agent with improved efficacy and tolerance Zika Virus Yet Another Arbovirus Threat...7 Motto of this Journal 1. To provide scientific, technical and social welfare updates 2. To promote scientific drafting among staff and students 3. To circulate institutional updates 4. To build flat form to serve the community 5. To identify and appreciate potential achievements 2

3 Eco Friendly Pharmaceutical Applications of Hydrotropic Agents Ms Gouthami K, Mr Pani Kumar D Anumolu Most of the pharmaceutical applications requires large amount of hazardous and toxic solvents. The pharmaceutical applications under the presence of ecofriendly aqueous solvents such as water, ionic liquids, super critical solvents and hydrotropic solutions have increasingly attracted the interest of research scientists, particularly from the view point of green chemistry. Hydrotropy is a solubilization phenomenon whereby addition of large amount of a second solute results in an increase in the aqueous solubility poorly soluble solutes. They are usually anionic compounds and composed of an aromatic ring substituted by a sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylate group Concentrated aqueous hydrotropic solutions of sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate, urea, nicotinamide, sodium citrate and sodium acetate have been observed to enhance the aqueous solubilities of many poorly watersoluble drugs Advantages of Hydrotropic Solubilization Technique Cheap, nontoxic, and environment-friendly, aqueous hydrotropic solutions possess other physicochemical characteristics required to be an alternative reaction media. ph-independent solvent character, non flammability, easy availability, and inexpensive aqueous phase make this method superior to other solubilization methods Hydrotropy is suggested to be superior to other solubilization method, such as miscibility, micellar solubilization, cosolvency and salting in, because the solvent character is independent of ph, has high selectivity and does not require emulsification It only requires mixing the drug with the hydrotrope in water. It does not require chemical modification of hydrophobic drugs, use of organic solvents, or preparation of emulsion system. such as tablets, capsules, softgels, liquids or powders. Mechanism of Hydrotrope Action A hydrotrope is a compound that solubilises hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions. They consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (like surfactants) but the hydrophobic part is generally too small to cause spontaneous selfaggregation. Hydrotropes do not have a critical concentration above which selfaggregation 'suddenly' starts to occur (as found for micelle- and vesicle-forming surfactants, which have a critical micelle concentration or CMC and a critical vesicle concentration or CVC, respectively). Instead, some hydrotropes aggregate in a step-wise self-aggregation process, gradually increasing aggregation size. However, many hydrotropes do not seem to selfaggregate at all, unless a solubilisate has been added. Examples: In the solubility of benzodiazepine in sodium salicylate solution Mechanism: A donor acceptor type of interaction between sodium salicylate and benzodiazepine molecules is assumed to stabilize such inclusions and determined the degree of solubility 3

4 In the solubilization of chartreusin by hydroxybenzoate. Mechanism: Plane to plane orientation of ligand molecules and chartreusin brought together by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was suggested as possible mechanism. The enhanced solubility of ketoprofen in presence of hydrotropes Mechanism: In low concentration of hydrotropes solubility is due to weak ionic interaction. At higher concentration, the formation of molecular aggregates seemed to be the possible mechanism of hydrotropic solubilization. Effect of Hydrotropes Chemical Reactions Crystallization Mixing Behavior of Surfactants and Hydrotropes Coupling Agents Mixed Hydrotropy Mixed hydrotropic solubilization technique is the phenomenon to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs in the blends of hydrotropic agents, which may give miraculous synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Advantages of Mixed Hydrotropic Solubilization It may reduce the large total concentration of hydrotropic agents necessary to produce modest increase in solubility by employing combination of agents in lower concentration. It is new, simple, cost-effective, safe, accurate, precise and environmental friendly method for the analysis (titrimetric and spectrophotometric) of poorly water-soluble drugs titrimetric and spectrophotometric precluding the use of organic solvents. It precludes the use of organic solvents and thus avoids the problem of residual toxicity, error due to volatility, pollution, cost etc Novel pharmaceutical applications of hydroropic solubilisation in various fields of pharmacy Quantitative estimations of poorly watersoluble drugs by uv-visible spectrophotometric analysis precluding the use of organic solvents. Quantitative estimations of poorly watersoluble drugs by titrimetric analysis Preparation of hydrotropic solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs precluding the use of organic solvents..preparation of dry syrups (for reconstitution) of poorly water-soluble drugs. Preparation of topical solutions of poorly water-soluble drugs, precluding the use of organic solvents. Preparation of injection of poorly water soluble drugs. The use of hydrotropic solubilizers as permeation enhancers. The use of hydrotropy to give fast release of poorly water-soluble drugs from the suppositories. Application of mixed- hydrotropy to develop injection dosage forms of poorly watersoluble drugs. Application of hydrotropic solubilization in nanotechnology (by controlled precipitation). Application of hydrotropic solubilization in extraction of active constituents from crude drugs (in pharmacognosy field). Hydrotropic solutions can also be tried to develop the dissolution fluids to carry out the dissolution studies of dosage forms of poorly water-soluble drugs. Mr AD Pani Kumar, M. Pharm, Sr Asst. Professor, Dept of Pharmaceutical Analysis Ms. K Gouthami, M. Pharm II year Dept of Pharmaceutical Analysis 4

5 Glp-1 analogs in the Management of type-2 diabetes mellitus A New agent with improved efficacy and tolerance Ms Karnati Lakshmi Deepika, Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic state of the body which implies increased sugar levels in the blood due to reduced secretion or resistance of tissues to insulin, the hormone is responsible for uptake of glucose by body tissues. Liraglutide and Exenatide are the two widely used GLP-1analogs which are widely used for Type-2diabetesmellitus by stimulating the β-cells of islets of Langerhans providing new approach towards the management of hyperglycemia. Liraglutide and Exenatide are the two widely used GLP-1analogs which are widely used for Type-2diabetesmellitus by stimulating the β- cells of islets of Langerhans providing new approach towards the management of diabaetes Classification: Diabetes has been classified as: 1. Type -1 Diabetes Mellitus: Due to decreased secretion of insulin by the β-cells of islets of Langerhans. 2. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Due to resistance of body tissues to insulin and relative insulin deficiency. 3. Gestational Diabetes-Diabetes that develop during pregnancy. May or may not be present after parturition. Among them Type-2 diabetes mellitus is most prominent one and is mainly due to change in life styles. India becoming the top most position in diabetes mellitus by the year Control of Type-2 diabetes mellitus: Changing the life style Proper exercise regular blood glucose monitoring Supplementation with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Defects:Uncontrolled blood glucose levels lead to major cardiovascular, Nephrologic, Neurologic, ophthalmic and other major complications which can be reversible or irreversible in nature.different classes of hypoglycemic agents include: Insulin Sectragogues hyperglycemia. They are available in injectable forms and are administered once or twice daily for effective glycemic control. Nausea and vomitings are the side effects. Development of thyroid cell carcinoma in case of animal studies. Αlpha-glucocidase inhibitors Peptide analogues. GLP-1 analogues are come under peptide analogues which stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. GLP-1 ANS: Glucagon like peptide (GLP) and glucose dependent Insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are belonging to this class of Incretin hormones. The Incretin effect refers to augmented insulin secretory response to a glucose load delivered to the gut relative to that achieved by the intravenous glucose, when the plasma levels of glucose under both conditions are comparable. Significant effect of glucagon like polypeptide has been observed on stimulation of insulin secretion in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The peptide itself however undergoes early degradation by the enzyme di peptidyl peptidase -4(DPP-4) which its effect is of short duration. Glucagon like peptide-1 analogs are synthetic products which resemble GLP-1 and function (97%homology).Due to minor structural modifications they resist undergoing degradable by DPP-4and hence provide for as effective anti-diabetic agents due to their Insulinotropic effects on the β-cells of islets of Langerhans. 5

GRCP InfoApex Along with their proven effect on stimulation of insulin release, they have also been found to play an important role in lowering of A 1 c levels cause substantial weight loss and may

6 GRCP InfoApex Along with their proven effect on stimulation of insulin release, they have also been found to play an important role in lowering of A 1 c levels cause substantial weight loss and may even promote β cell growth. Mechanism of action: The camp pathway has been proposed to play a major role in the insulin releasing effects of these agents. Exact mechanism is not known research is going on. Physiological actions of GLP-1 analogs: 1. Better controlled fasting sugar levels, decreased Hb 1 c and body Weight in subjects administered liraglutide when compared as placebo. 2. Improved glycemic control when combined with other anti-diabetic drugs administered. Patients administered with liraglutide in combination with metformin have found that decreased fasting plasma blood sugar levels, dose dependent weight loss and HbA1C levels. 3. Significant improvements in HbA1c levels which implies better glycemic control. 4. GLP-1 analogs have been reported to improve β cell mass and function. 5. Improved β cell mass determined by HOMA analysis. In this long acting GLP-1 derivative restores β-cell responsiveness to physiological hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. It helps in the neogenesis of β-cells of the Islets of Langerhans. 6. Reduction in blood glucose levels lead to report incidences of hypoglycemia. The reason is due to glucose dependent insulin release. 7. Glp-1 receptors have been found to be present in cardiac tissue and autonomic organs of cardiovascular control. This feature implicit in blood pressure lowering and hence improved cardio vascular effects. Significant decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(pai-1) and B- type natriuretic peptide (BNP), inflammatory biomarkers associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 8. They are administered independent of dose adjustment in patients with renal or hepatic impairment Advantages: Fewer incidences of hypoglycemia Help in weight management of diabetic patients Independent of dose adjustment I patients with renal or hepatic impairment Blood pressure lowering effects lead to improved cardio-vascular status. Better controlled fasting sugar levels Improved glycemic control when combined with other anti-diabetic drugs. Ms. Karnati Lakshmi Deepika, M. Pharm II year, Dept of Pharmaceutical Analysis 6

Zika Virus Yet Another Arbovirus Threat Dr Veeresh Babu P, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance Zika, a mosquito-borne virus, is prompting worldwide concern because of its alarming

7 Zika Virus Yet Another Arbovirus Threat Dr Veeresh Babu P, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance Zika, a mosquito-borne virus, is prompting worldwide concern because of its alarming connection to a neurological birth disorder. Zika virus infection is a mild febrile viral illness transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes 1. Dengue and chikungunya spread through the same mosquitoes that transfer Zika. It became the first major infectious disease linked to human birth defects to be discovered in more than half a century and created such global alarm that the World Health Organization (WHO) would declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern 2. Zika virus is a arbovirus/flavivirus, in the family Flaviviridae. Although Zika virus was isolated on several occasions from Aedes africanus mosquitoes after its discovery in 1947, there initially was no indication that the virus caused human disease 3. Human illness caused by Zika virus was first recognized in Nigeria in 1953, when viral infection was confirmed in three ill persons 4. Epidemiology: Brazil has the highest rate of transmission. The Zika virus is also being locally transmitted in Barbados, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, Suriname, Samoa, the US Virgin Islands and Venezuela 5. Symptoms: Around 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill. Illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for a week. Low grade fever (less than 38.5 C) is the major symptom. Other symptoms include rash, joint pain, red eye, muscle pain and headache 6. Digestive problems and constipation occasionally occurs. Transmission: In urban and suburban environments, Zika virus is transmitted in a human mosquito human transmission cycle. Two species in the stegomyia subgenus of aedes A. aegypti and, to a lesser extent, A. albopictus have been linked with nearly all known Zika virus outbreaks, although two other species, A. hensilli and A. polynesiensis, were thought to be vectors in the Yap and French Polynesia outbreaks, respectively. A. aegypti and A. albopictus are the only known aedes (stegomyia) species in the Americas. Despite the association of A. aegypti and A. albopictus with outbreaks, both were found to have unexpectedly low but similar vector competence (i.e., the intrinsic ability of a vector to biologically transmit a disease agent) for the Asian genotype Zika virus strain, as determined by a low proportion of infected mosquitoes with infectious saliva after ingestion of an infected blood meal. However, A. aegypti is thought to have high vectorial capacity (i.e., the overall ability of a vector species to transmit a pathogen in a given location and at a specific time) because it feeds primarily on humans, often bites multiple humans in a single blood meal, has an almost imperceptible bite, and lives in close association with human habitation 7. Diagnosis: Symptoms of Zika are similar to dengue and chikungunya. A check-up is inevitable if recently traveled to affected countries. This may include blood, urine and saliva tests to look for the virus 8. 7

8 Treatment: There's no vaccine or specific antiviral drug treatment for Zika yet. Drink fluids to prevent dehydration and simultaneously adequate rest is required. Medicines are to be taken to reduce fever 9. Preventive measures: Reducing breeding of mosquitoes. Cutting contact between mosquitoes and people. Checking adult mosquito numbers. Using barriers like repellents, insect screens, closed doors and windows. Space spraying of insecticides during outbreak recommended 10. References: 1. Dick GW, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ. Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1952; 46: Gulland A. Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO. BMJ 2016; 352: i Dick GW. Zika virus. II. Pathogenicity and physical properties. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1952; 46: MacNamara FN. Zika virus: a report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1954; 48: Pond WL. Arthropod-borne virus antibodies in sera from residents of South- East Asia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1963; 57: Oehler E, Watrin L, Larre P, et al. Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain- Barre syndrome case report, French Polynesia, December Euro Surveill 2014; 19(9). 7. Grard G, Caron M, Mombo IM, et al. Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa) 2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8(2): e Bearcroft WG. Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1956; 50: Update: interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure United States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: Banks SD, Murray N, Wilder-Smith A, Logan JG. Insecticide-treated clothes for the control of vector-borne diseases: a review on effectiveness and safety. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28: Suppl 1: Dr Veeresh Babu P, M. Pharm,Ph.D Associate. Professor, Dept of Pharmacology 8

Technical University, Bhopal. Madhyapradesh. During that period she worked with Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, MP.

9 Honours and achievements of Faculty Mrs. Himanshu Mishra, Asst Professor, Dept of Pharmaceutics, has received best teacher award for the academic year (2015) by Council for Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal. Madhyapradesh. During that period she worked with Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, MP. Human Excellence Centre Programs: The Human excellence Centre of GRCP conducted one day motivational program for the benefit of staff and students on 15 th December Prof K. Subrahamanyam, Pro Vice Chancellor, Yoga University, Bangalore, elaborated on the title strength is life, weakness is death and Dr BSN Murthy, CEO, Chinmayi Synergies, Hyd, delivered a lecture on Self mastery. 9

Self-Development A practical approach Ramachandra Mission and United Nations InformationCenter for India and Bhutan, Hyderabad sector conducted workshop on Self-development a practical approach, for

Sameer Sahu Director, Convene IT Firm, Hyderabad, Mr. D. V. Shailesh Kumar, Res. Scientist Google, Hyderabad. Mr Sreehari, Head, Bing Incubation Dept, Microsoft, Hyderabad, Mr.

10 Self-Development A practical approach Ramachandra Mission and United Nations InformationCenter for India and Bhutan, Hyderabad sector conducted workshop on Self-development a practical approach, for the benefit of our students. the program is organised in every Thursday from to ; in GRCP auditorium. The resource persons Mr. Sameer Sahu Director, Convene IT Firm, Hyderabad, Mr. D. V. Shailesh Kumar, Res. Scientist Google, Hyderabad. Mr Sreehari, Head, Bing Incubation Dept, Microsoft, Hyderabad, Mr. Aravind UnniKrishnan, Head, TCS, Hyderabad were involved in the trained to our students. Dr Jagadessh, Associate Professor, GRCP organised the entire program. National level essay completion-2014; Ramachandra Mission and United Nations Information Center for India and Bhutan, Hyderabad sector conducted national level essay completion GRCP students actively participated and students Ms Ch Krishna Manasa, Ms P Srividya and Mr P Vinod Kumar got recognition at college level. Industrial visits The students of B. Pharm II year I semester were given onsite exposure to Forest Academy, Hyderabad, Knowledge on cultivation, collection, processing and marketing of medicinal plants on Dr Sneha JA accompanied our students and helped them learning the real world facts. Our students also visited various exhibitions held in Hyderabad : Bioanalytical Lab Expo, Exposure to novel and advanced analytical instruments : 66 th Indian Pharmacy Congress, 2015, Exposure to recent developments in the research 10

11 Cultural Activities The rangoli, essay writing, elocution, singing and dancing competitions were conducted in connection to annual day celebrations The best performances were recognised and awarded. All the participants were appreciated through the certificates. Event 1st Prize 2nd Prize Rangoli 1. Ms Samatha J 2. Ms Moulika P 3. Ms Jhansi Rani N 1. Ms Monika P 2. Ms Sowndarya NSKP 3. Ms Gayathri T Essay writing 1. Ms Monika P 1. Ms Aashritha A Elocution 1. Ms Monika P 1. Mr Prakash D 2. Mr Gautam R Singing 1. Ms Vaishnavi 1. Ms Krishna Manasa Ch Dancing (solo) 1. Ms Amaleshwari 1. Ms Moulika P Dancing (group) 1. Ms Sri Chandana M 2. Ms Swathi V 3. Ms Mounika A 4. Ms Aishwarya Prabha 1. Mr Balakrishna E 2. Mr Arif SK 3. Mr Arun Karhtik B 4. Mr Srinivas K 5. Mr Ashrith Raj B Inter-college sports meet Inter-college sports meet held at G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, on 8th and 9th Jan Throw ball (Girls) 1. Ms Sreelu Reddy A 2. Ms Prathyusha N 3. Ms Sindhusha N 4. Ms Tejaswi N 5. Ms Pradeeptha Reddy G 6. Ms Sneha G 7. Ms Lohitha P 8. Ms Praveena N 9. Ms Navya U Dum charads 1. Mr Deepak V 2. Ms Alekhya V 3. Ms Joshi U Volley ball (Boys) 1. Mr Naganna T 2. Mr Sathish kumar B 3. Mr Vivek Kumar AV 4. Mr Bapuraju I 5. Mr Rahul Naik D 6. Mr Srikar Reddy T Quiz 1. Ms Sai Janavi D 2. Ms Madhuriya T 3. Ms Pragnya Nidhi S 11

12 Sports day- 2014: 29, 30 Dec 2014 Throw Ball (Girls) (B Pharm II year) (M Pharm II yr) 1. Ms Sindhusha N 1. Ms Sreelu Reddy S 2. Ms Pradeeptha Reddy 2. Ms Praveena M 3. Ms Tejaswini N 3. Ms Sowndarya NS 4. Ms Gayatri AV 4. Ms Manaswini Y 5. Ms Neha Reddy K 5. MsAlekhya V 6. Ms Keerthi Reddy 6. Ms Saritha L 7. Ms Asha P 7. Ms Nikitha M 8. Ms Yuthika Raju G 8. Ms Meghana G 9. Ms Rishika B 9. Ms Jhansi Rani N Basket ball (Girls) (B Pharm II year) 1. Ms Sindhusha N 2. Ms Pradeeptha Reddy 3. Ms Tejaswini N 4. Ms Gayatri AV 5. Ms Neha Reddy K 6. Ms Keerthi Reddy S 7. Ms Asha P 8. Ms Yuthika Raju G 9. Ms Rishika B (B Pharm III and IV yr) 1. Ms Shaik MU 2. Ms Archana Reddy V 3. Ms Manish Deshmukh 4. Ms Sruthi M 5. Ms Sruthi Sagar T 6. Ms Mounika G 7. Ms Sirisha S 12

13 Cricket (Boys) (B Pharm III year) (B Pharm II year) 1. Mr Deepak V 1. Mr Arun Karthik B 2. Mr Sai Kiran K 2. Mr Bala Subramanyam B 3. Mr Ramu O 3. Mr Bala Krishna E 4. Mr Gopal V 4. Mr Kiran Kumar Ch 5. Mr Rahul Naik D 5. Mr Krishna Goud K 6. Mr Naveen Kumar K 6. Mr Naganna T 7. Mr Sanjay Ch 7. Mr Sai Ram E 8. Mr Madhusudhan D 8. Mr Srinivas K 9. Mr Raja Shekar Reddy V 9. Mr Teja Ram I 10. Mr Kapil B 10. Mr Vivek Kumar AV 11. Mr Ranjith Reddy D 11. Mr Asrith Raj B 12. Mr Saikrishna Anand V 12. Mr Sathish Kumar B Basket Ball (Boys) (B Pharm II year) (B Pharm I year) 1. Mr Arun Karthik B 1. Mr Srinivas D 2. Mr Arif S 2. Mr Srikar Reddy T 3. Mr Krishna Goud K 3. Mr Gautam R 4. Mr Srinivas K 4. Mr Akhil G 5. Mr Vivek Kumar AV 5. Mr Tejprakash M 6. Mr Asrith Raj B 6. Mr Sai Krishna BK 7. Mr Kranthi Kumar B 7. Mr Kushal V Volley Ball (Boys) (B Pharm II year) 1. Mr Arun Karthik B 2. Mr Krishna Goud K 3. Mr Naganna T 4. Mr Sai Ram E 5. Mr Srinivas K 6. Mr Teja Ram I 7. Mr Vivek Kumar AV 8. Mr Sathish Kumar B (B Pharm III year) 1. Mr Rahul Naik D 2. Mr Madhusudan Reddy D 3. Mr Ramu O 4. Mr Gopal V 5. Mr Saikiran K 6. Mr Jayshankar D 7. Mr Sanga Suray S 8. Mr Bhanu Prasad V 13

Everything you ever wanted to know about Zika Virus Disease

Everything you ever wanted to know about Zika Virus Disease (in 14 slides) Jon Temte, MD/PhD University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 28 January 2016 Zika Virus mosquito-borne flavivirus