Duration of resource: 25 Minutes. Year of Production: Stock code: VEA12045

Transcription

1 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES BLURB: Home can be a potentially dangerous place. A vast number of accidents resulting in injury occur in and around the home. For this reason, it makes a lot of sense to ensure that as many occupants of a household as possible have some basic skills in first aid. This program provides a rundown of the main types of injuries that occur in the home and how they should be treated. It includes what to do in an emergency, an outline and demonstration of the DRABCD procedure, dealing with burns, scalds and electrocution, cuts, laceration and bleeding, poisoning and overdose, asthma, allergies and anaphylaxis, and heart attack, stroke, diabetes and epilepsy. It provides clear verbal and visual information, portraying various scenarios within a home where immediate first aid intervention is required, and demonstrating the correct ways to administer relevant procedures. This program is an ideal learning resource for those studying first aid at an introductory level. Duration of resource: 25 Minutes Year of Production: 2013 Stock code: VEA12045 Resource written by: Megan Bertenshaw PDHPE Coordinator M. Physical Ed, B.Sec Ed Human Movt & Health

2 For Teachers Introduction This program focuses on developing an understanding of how to manage a range of emergency first aid situations that may occur in the home. The aim is to provide a practical approach to address current first aid procedures and practices that can be used by anyone who may find themselves as the primary first aider in a household emergency. This resource is divided into a number of segments that cover a range of topics including 1. DRSABCD, 2. Burns, scalds & electrocution, 3. Cuts, lacerations & bleeding, 4. Poisoning & overdose, 5. Asthma, allergies & anaphylaxis, 6. Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock & epilepsy. Key concepts such as hazards, signs and symptoms, assessment and management are all explored using specific examples and demonstrations from around the home. The program features Claire Lobb an emergency specialist who provides clear and simple guidelines on how to manage a variety of injuries and serious medical conditions that can occur around the home. Information is also given about contacting emergency services and CPR techniques. Timeline 00:00:00 What to do in an emergency 00:04:19 Burns, scalds, electrocution 00:08:21 Cuts, lacerations, bleeding 00:11:40 Poisoning and overdose 00:15:37 Asthma, allergies and anaphylaxis 00:19:54 Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 00:24:41 Credits 00:25:28 End program CPR Timeline 00:00:00 00:01:10 Bonus clips - CPR Hands Only CPR Timeline 00:00:00 00:01:00 Bonus clips Hands Only CPR Related Titles First Aid Emergencies: Community Recommended Resources

3 Student Worksheet Initiate Prior Learning 1. As a class brainstorm a list of the injuries or medical emergencies that you have had, have seen or think you might receive at home. 2. Recall one major injury or medical emergency that you have had or seen at home, write down the steps that were taken in first aid. 3. Describe how you know if someone has seriously injured themselves. 3

4 4. In pairs, research one type of injury or medical condition that could occur at home. Describe the injury or medical condition and how it is managed. 5. Research the DRSABCD procedure. Provide a summary and flow chart of this procedure. 4

5 Active Viewing Guide What to do in an emergency 1. Fill in the words that match the acronym D R S A B C D 2. Identify the two emergency numbers that you can use to call for help, and identify when you would use them. Burns, scalds, electrocution 3. Identify the various ways that you can get a burn injury. 4. Identify how the severity of a burn is determined. 5

6 5. Drawing a line from the burn type to the matching description. Type of Burn Description Superficial burns (1 st Degree) Burns are generally red, blistered or weeping, and there is considerable pain at the site of the burn. Partial thickness (2 nd Degree) Occur when all layers of the skin have been damaged. The skin appears to be pale, waxy and charred, and is generally pain free. Deep burns (3 rd Degree) Are those where the outer layers of the skin are damaged. The skin is red and may be painful. 6. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is electrocuted. Injury / Medical Condition Signs & Symptoms Management Unconsciousness Irregular heart beat Electrocution Heart may have stopped Electrical wires showing May be visible electrical burns 6

7 Cuts, lacerations, bleeding 7. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is bleeding severely. Injury / Medical Condition Signs & Symptoms Management Major Bleeding feeling faint or dizzy feeling restless feeling nauseous being thirsty having a weak and rapid pulse skin being cold and clammy being sweaty progressively losing consciousness 8. Describe the following skin injuries and provide an example of each. (3 line each) a) Lacerations: b) Abrasions: 7

8 c) Cut (incision): d) Puncture (penetration): 9. What does the acronym PER stand for in relation to bleeding? 8

9 Poisoning and overdoses 10. Complete the summary below identifying what symptoms and signs to look for if you suspect someone has been poisoned. Injury / Medical Condition Poisoning Signs & Symptoms Management If the person is unconscious: If the substance is unknown: Do not induce vomiting If the substance is corrosive (such as acids): Do not induce vomiting Give milk or water If the substance is Medicinal: Do not induce vomiting If the substance inhaled is poison: Move yourself and the casualty to fresh air Loosen tight clothing Oxygen therapy If the substance absorbed is poison: Protect yourself by using gloves, goggles and protective clothing Remove contaminated clothing carefully to avoid any further skin contact Flush the skin with running water If the substance ingested is poison: Do not induce vomiting or give the casualty anything to eat or drink. Wash corrosive substance off mouth and face with water, or wipe off 9

10 11. From which organisation should you seek advice for poisoning? Asthma, allergies anaphylaxis 12. Complete the following summary. Injury / Medical Condition Signs & Symptoms Management Asthma Tightness in chest Sweating Paleness Fast, shallow breathing Hunched body position Excessive throat clearing Laboured breathing Difficulty in exhalation Increase in pulse rate Wheezing noises Blue around lips, ear lobes, finger tips Coughing Anaphylaxis DRSABCD, and call 000 If the casualty is carrying an EpiPen for the allergy, it should be used at once Keep casualty in lying or sitting position and observe and record their pulse and breathing If casualty is conscious, help them sit in a position that assists their breathing If casualty is unconscious, check for signs of life and prepare to give CPR if necessary 10

11 Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 13. Complete the following summary. Injury / Medical Condition Signs & Symptoms Management Heart Attack Loosen restrictive clothing Monitor patient Stroke Monitor their condition Place in recovery position Diabetes hypoglycemia Rapid pulse Profuse sweating Trembling Hunger Aggression Dizziness Tingling around mouth and lips Feeling tired and weak Headache Epilepsy Spasms Rigid body Tightened jaw Some mouth frothing Possible loss of bladder control Loss of consciousness or tiredness afterwards 11

12 14. Identify the causes of a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) attack 15. Identify the cause of a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) attack: 12

13 Extension Activities 1. Practical activity - You will be given an injury or medical condition. In groups of 2-3 you will have to manage the injury or medical condition as if you were the first responder in an emergency situation. You will present it to the class. 2. You will be given a type of injury or medical condition. You are to research the injury or medical condition and design a pamphlet showing a description, signs and symptoms, management / first aid. 3. Practical activity - On a mannequin practice the DRSABC regime. 4. ICT develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that can occur around the home and the first aid procedures used to treat them. 5. Design a collage showing all the major injuries and medical conditions that can occur around the home and preventative actions that can be taken. 13

14 Suggested Student Responses Initiate Prior Learning 1. As a class brainstorm a list of the injuries or medical emergencies that you have had, have seen or think you might receive at home. Answers will vary 2. Recall one major injury or medical emergency that you have had or seen at home, write down the steps that were taken in first aid. Answers will vary 3. Describe how you know if someone has seriously injured themselves. Severe pain, unconscious, severe bleeding, not breathing, no pulse 4. In pairs, research one type of injury or medical condition that could occur at home. Describe the injury or medical condition and how it is managed. Answers will vary 5. Research the DRSABCD procedure. Provide a summary and flow chart of this procedure. D Danger? R Responsive? S Send for help? A Airway clear? B Breathing normal? C CPR needed? D Defibrillator needed? Pictures should be added, along with the appropriate emergency contact numbers. 14

15 Active Viewing Guide What to do in an emergency 1. Fill in the words that match the acronym D Danger R Response S Send for Help A Airways B Breathing C CPR / Compressions D Defibrillator 2. Identify the two emergency numbers that you can use to call for help and identify when you would use them. 000 (Aus), 111 (New Zealand) Landline. You know your location. 112 Mobile. Enables emergency service to locate you via GPS signal Burns, scalds, electrocution 3. Identify the various ways that you can get a burn injury Extreme cold Heat Chemicals Corrosive substances Electricity Friction Radiation (sunburn). 4. Identify how the severity of a burn is determined The extent of the burn The surface area damaged Which parts of the body are damaged? The depth of the burn The age and condition of the casualty Other associated injuries the casualty may have. 15

16 5. Drawing a line from the burn type to the matching description. Type of Burn Superficial burns (1 st Degree) Partial thickness (2 nd Degree) Deep burns (3 rd Degree) Description Burns are generally red, blistered or weeping, and there is considerable pain at the site of the burn. Occur when all layers of the skin have been damaged. The skin appears to be pale, waxy and charred, and is generally pain free. Are those where the outer layers of the skin are damaged. The skin is red and may be painful. 6. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is electrocuted. Injury / Medical Condition Electrocution Cuts, lacerations, bleeding Signs & Symptoms Unconsciousness Irregular heart beat Heart may have stopped Electrical wires showing May be visible electrical burns Management DRSABCD Cool burnt area under running water 7. Complete the summary below identifying what to do if someone is bleeding severely. Injury / Medical Condition Major Bleeding Signs & Symptoms feeling faint or dizzy feeling restless feeling nauseous being thirsty having a weak and rapid pulse skin being cold and clammy being sweaty progressively losing consciousness Management Follow the DRSABCD in the first instance Lay the casualty down and remove or cut clothing to expose the wound Apply direct pressure to the wound by using a sterile dressing or pad if available (use gloves if available to avoid infection If bleeding continues through dressing, do not remove it, add another dressing When bleeding stops, firmly bandage the dressing pad to hold it firmly Raise and rest injured part where possible Call or refer for medical advice Staying with casualty and watch for any signs of shock or unconsciousness 16

17 8. Describe the following skin injuries and provide an example of each. (3 line each) a) Lacerations: Tearing of the skin. Generally the result of something like a piece of wire or animal claw tearing the skin and underlying tissue. b) Abrasions: A shallow tearing or grating of the outer layer of skin exposing underlying blood vessels; generally the result of a fall on a hard surface like concrete c) Cut (incision): A cutting of skin, tissues or muscles. Can be the result of a piece of glass or knife blade d) Puncture (penetration): A deep penetration of the tissue. Can be caused by a blunt or pointed object. 9. What does the acronym PER stand for in relation to bleeding? Pressure Elevation Rest 17

18 Poisoning and overdoses 10. Complete the summary below identifying what symptoms and signs to look for if you suspect someone has been poisoned. Injury / Medical Condition Poisoning Headache Blurred vision Vomiting Signs & Symptoms Breathing difficulty Drowsiness Abdominal pain Tight chest Breath smells of fumes or other odours Possible change in skin colour Nausea Management If the person is unconscious: If the substance is unknown: Do not induce vomiting If the substance is corrosive (such as acids): Do not induce vomiting Give milk or water If the substance is Medicinal: Do not induce vomiting If the substance inhaled is poison: Move yourself and the casualty to fresh air Loosen tight clothing Oxygen therapy If the substance absorbed is poison: Protect yourself by using gloves, goggles and protective clothing Remove contaminated clothing carefully to avoid any further skin contact Flush the skin with running water If the substance ingested is poison: Do not induce vomiting or give the casualty anything to eat or drink. Wash corrosive substance off mouth and face with water, or wipe off 18

19 11. From which organisation should you seek advice for poisoning? Poisons information centre in your area. Asthma, allergies anaphylaxis 12. Complete the following summary. Injury / Medical Condition Asthma Anaphylaxis Signs & Symptoms Tightness in chest Sweating Paleness Fast, shallow breathing Hunched body position Excessive throat clearing Laboured breathing Difficulty in exhalation Increase in pulse rate Wheezing noises Blue around lips, ear lobes, finger tips Coughing There will be swelling and redness of the casualty s skin, itchy raised rash (like hives or welts) Swelling of the throat, face, tongue or lips Wheezing and/or coughing Rapid irregular pulse Tightness in chest Headache Vomiting and diarrhoea Dizziness or unconsciousness Abdominal pains Tingling sensation Management Reassure the person Assist with medication (4 puffs of inhaler every four minutes) Monitor breathing Provide water for them to drink Encourage controlled breathing and relaxation Seek medical help if their condition deteriorates or doesn t improve DRSABCD, and call 000 If the casualty is carrying an EpiPen for the allergy, it should be used at once Keep casualty in lying or sitting position and observe and record their pulse and breathing If casualty is conscious, help them sit in a position that assists their breathing If casualty is unconscious, check for signs of life and prepare to give CPR if necessary 19

20 Medical conditions: heart attack, stroke, diabetic shock, epilepsy 13. Complete the following summary. Injury / Medical Condition Heart Attack Signs & Symptoms Discomfort in the middle of the chest Possible pain in the arm and neck Irregular pulse Shortness of breath Anxious Skin may be cold, clammy or sweaty Management Loosen restrictive clothing Monitor patient Stroke Slurred speech Blurred vision Pupils may be irregular in size Loss of movement in face or one side of the body Monitor their condition Place in recovery position Diabetes hypoglycemia Rapid pulse Profuse sweating Trembling Hunger Aggression Dizziness Tingling around mouth and lips Feeling tired and weak Headache Do not attempt to give glucose drink to an unconscious patient If conscious, administer glucose and drink as required (e.g. 5 jelly beans or sugar drink) After this, offer carbohydrate type food (e.g. sandwich or fruit) If the sufferer becomes unconscious call emergency number and start DRSABCD Epilepsy Spasms Rigid body Tightened jaw Some mouth frothing Possible loss of bladder control Loss of consciousness or tiredness afterwards Remove dangerous objects Ensure that the airway is fully open and that the patient is breathing Check pulse Seek medical help Monitor their condition 20

21 14. Identify the causes of a hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) attack Skipping or delaying meals and snacks Not eating enough carbohydrate (starchy) food Too much insulin or tablets Drinking alcohol without food Extra physical activity without eating extra food. 15. Identify the cause of a hyperglycemic (high blood glucose) attack: Sickness Infection Stress Too much carbohydrate food at once Not enough insulin or diabetes tablets Other tablets or medicines, such as cortisone. 21

22 Extension Activities 1. Practical activity - You will be given an injury or medical condition. In groups of 2-3 you will have to manage the injury or medical condition as if you were the first responder in an emergency situation. You will present it to the class. Demonstrations will vary but should cover appropriate first aid care for the injury or medical condition. 2. You will be given a type of injury or medical condition. You are to research the injury or medical condition and design a pamphlet showing a description, signs and symptoms, management / first. Answers will vary 3. Practical activity - On a mannequin practice the DRSABC regime. N/A 4. ICT develop a slide show or photo story that recognises all major injuries or medical conditions that can occur around the home and the first aid procedures used to treat them. Answers will vary 5. Design a collage showing all the major injuries and medical conditions that can occur around the home and preventative actions that can be taken. Answers will vary 22