n A m I 8 I A U n I V ER SI TV"Y OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY3Y

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1 n A m I 8 I A U n I V ER SI TV"Y OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY3Y FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES QUALIFICATION CODE: SOBBMS LEVEL: 6 COURSE CODE: HPY120S COURSE NAME: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 18 SESSION: NOVEMBER 2016 PAPER: THEORY DURATION: 3 HOURS MARKS: 120 FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER EXAMINER(S) Ms B E van der Colf MODERATOR: Ms N Seymour INSTRUCTIONS 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Write clearly and neatly. 3. Number the answers clearly. PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS 1. Scientific calculator THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 6 PAGES (Including this front page)

2 SECTION A (40 MARKS) QUESTION 1 Evaluate the statements in each numbered section and select the most appropriate answer or phrase from the given possibilities. Write the appropriate letter next to the number of the statement/phras (One mark per question) 1.1 The amount of aldosterone produced by the adrenal cortex, is controlled by the following: a. The concentration of calcium in the blood b. The blood glucose concentration The concentration of K+ in the blood Tropic hormones from the thalamus ACTH from the anterior pituitary 1.2 The islets of Langerhans contain the following: a. Alpha cells which secrete glucagon b. Beta cells which secrete insulin Delta cells which secrete somatostatin All of the above 1.3 The functions of blood include the following, except: a. b. d. Transports nutrients, oxygen, waste products Macrophages phagocytise micro-organisms Helps maintain homeostasis in interstitial fluid Links body's external and internal environment Transports hormones from the secreting gland to the target organ 1.4 The types of plasma proteins are the following, except: a. Albumin b. Globulin Urea Clotting factors Fibrinogen (1) 1.5 Factor(s) which influence(s) arterial blood pressure, is (are) the following: a. Peripheral resistance b. Blood volume Heart action All of the above (b) and (c) 2 (1)

3 1.6 The following layer is in the middle of the wall of the heart, and contains cardiac muscle tissue: a. Epicardium b. Endocardium Myocardium Fibrous capsule Pericardium 1.7 The first type of antibody to be made by plasma cells when the antigen is met for the first time, is the following: a. b. lgg I gm lga lge lgd 1.8 The respiratory center in the medulla controls breathing. Factor{s) which influence the respiratory center is{are) the following, except: a. Chemoreceptors which can sense the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood b. Stretch receptors in the lung tissue {inflation reflex) Baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries Emotional upset {messages from other parts of the brain) Drugs g. alcohol 1.9 In the small intestine, chyme coming from the stomach is mixed with the following: a. Intestinal juice b. Pancreatic juice Bile from the gall bladder All of the above 1.10 When blood glucose concentration reaches the renal plasma threshold, the following happens: a. Some glucose appears in urine b. All glucose is reabsorbed in the renal tubules All glucose stays in the blood The glomerular filtration rate of glucose decreases The reabsorption of glucose increases 3

4 QUESTION 2 Assess the following statements and decide whether they are true or fals Write only the number of the question and TRUE for a true statement or FALSE for a false statement next to the number of the question. 2.1 High blood glucose level stimulates the release of glucagon. (1) 2.2 Serotonin co-ordinates the 24 hour rhythm of many tissues. (1) 2.3 Basophils moderate allergic reactions, and defend against parasites (1) 2.4. Monocytes have granules which stain deep blue (1) 2.5 The function of Purkinje fibers is to carry impulses through the walls of ventricles. (1) 2.6 Pulmonary veins carry blood rich in carbon dioxid (1) 2.7 Plasma is filtered out of the blood faster than it is pulled back by colloid osmotic pressur The net effect is the formation of tissue flui (1) 2.8 In the alveoli, ciliated epithelium and mucus are no longer present. Cells like macrophages and lymphocytes in the walls of the alveoli provide protection. (1) 2.9 H+ is actively secreted throughout the whole renal tubul (1) 2.10 The hormone LH triggers ovulation. (1) QUESTION 3 [20] Define I briefly describe the following terms 3.1 The fast acting response of the body to stress (2) 3.2 The slow acting response of the body to stress (2) 3.3 Haemoglobin (2) 3.4 Leukocytosis (2) 3.5 Diastolic blood pressure (2) 3.6 Polyclonal immune response (2) 3.7 Laryngitis (2) 4

5 3.8 The function of salivary amylase (2) 3.9 Glomerulonephritis (2) 3.10 The menstrual cycle (2) SECTION B {80 MARKS) QUESTION 4 [11] 4.1 Match each hormone in the first column with the appropriate effect in the second column. (5) Hormone Effect A. Insulin 1. Increases permeability of capillaries, causes contraction of smooth muscles in bronchi B. Anti-diuretic hormone 2. Decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels C. Calcitonin 3. Makes fight or flight response possible D. Histamine 4. Reduces blood glucose level E. Adrenaline 5. Reduces excretion of urine 4.2 Describe three mechanisms by which the release of hormones is regulated, and give an example of an appropriate hormone in each cas (6) QUESTION Create a table to compare the extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting mechanisms. Use the following indicators: Trigger I stimulus Initiation Final step towards blood clotting (6) 5.2 Describe the life cycle of a red blood cell (4) QUESTION 6 [13] 6.1 Describe the valves of the heart, indicating the direction of blood flow through each. (8) 6.2 Explain the homeostatic control mechanism to correct high blood pressur (5) 5

6 QUESTION Create a table to compare cell-mediated immunity (cellular immune response) and antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immune response). Indicate the following: Primary type of lymphocyte involved Antigen presenting cells involved -yes/no Effector cells Memory cells produced- yes/no (8) 7.2 List two differences between the primary and secondary immune respons (2) QUESTION 8 [11] 8.1 Identify three general functions which are found in the respiratory tract from the nose and nasal cavity right through to the bronchi and bronchioles. (3) 8.2 Apply Boyle's law to explain the mechanism of inspiration and expiration in the thoracic cavity. (8) QUESTION 9 [9] 9.1 Identify the functions of the large intestin (4) 9.2 Trace the pathway of bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum and back to the liver. (5) QUESTION 10 Explain why the osmotic concentration of the glomerular filtrate changes as it passes through a renal tubul Mention the role of different hormones. QUESTION 11 [6] Create a table to compare the following two methods of birth control: hormone therapy and sterilization. Identify the mechanism of action, an advantage and a disadvantage of each. END OF QUESTION PAPER. GOOD LUCK! 6

POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES PROGRAMME

ᄋセM@セ @ POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES PROGRAMME QUALIFICATION(S): Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences QUALIFICATION CODE: 50BBMS