Biological indicators of stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) after capture

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Biological indicators of stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) after capture"

Transcription

1 iologicl indictors of stress in pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus) fter cpture breu, JS., Tkhshi, LS. d, Hoshib, M. c nd Urbinti, EC. b,d * Deprtmento de Zootecni e Extensão Rurl, Fculdde de gronomi e Medicin Veterinári FMEV, Universidde Federl do Mto Grosso UFMT, v. Fernndo Corrê d Cost, s/n, Coxipó, CEP 786-9, Cuibá, MT, rzil b Centro de qüicultur C, Universidde Estdul Pulist UNESP Vi de cesso Prof. Pulo Donto Cstelne, CEP , Jboticbl, SP, rzil c Instituto de Ciêncis Sociis e plicds e Zootecni do ixo mzons, Universidde Federl do mzons UFM, Ru Príb, 2186, Cmpus Universitário do ixo mzons, CEP , Printins, M, rzil d Fculdde de Ciêncis gráris e Veterináris FCV, Universidde Estdul Pulist UNESP, Vi de cesso Prof. Pulo Donto Cstelne, CEP , Jboticbl, SP, rzil *e-mil: bethurb@cunesp.unesp.br Received ugust 17, 27 ccepted Jnury, 28 Distributed My 1, 29 (With figures) bstrct The effects of cpture (chsing, netting nd ir exposure) on cortisol, glucose, chloride, sodium, potssium nd clcium concentrtions, osmollity, hemtocrit, hemoglobin concentrtion, red blood cells count (RC) nd men corpusculr volume (MCV) were investigted in pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus). totl of 12 fish (49.7 ± 11.7 g) were subjected to cpture nd minutes ir exposure nd cpture nd ir exposure. Nine fish t ech tretment were smpled t, 1,, 6 minutes nd fter the procedure. Nine undisturbed fish were scrificed before the hndling nd used s controls. Cpture resulted in rise in blood cortisol nd glucose nd, respectively, fter both ir exposures. oth indictors returned to resting levels fter cpture. In both fish groups, plsm chloride decresed 6 minutes fter cpture, not recovering the resting levels within fter, nd serum sodium rose t 1 nd minutes nd recovered the resting levels lter. There were no significnt chnges neither in potssium, clcium nd osmollity nor in hemtocrit, hemoglobin, RC nd MCV s consequence of cpture. The sequentil stressors imposed to pcu during cpture ctivted the brin-pituitry-interrenl xis (cortisol nd glucose responses) but the ctivtion of the brin-sympthetic-chromffin cell xis ws pprently moderte (ionic nd hemtologicl responses). Keywords: cpture, ir exposure, stress, Pirctus mesopotmicus. Indicdores biológicos de estresse em pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus) pós cptur Resumo Os efeitos d cptur (perseguição, contenção em puçá e exposição ére) no perfil snguíneo do cortisol, glicose, cloreto, sódio, potássio, cálcio e n osmolridde, hemtócrito, hemoglobin, número de céluls vermelhs (CV) e volume corpusculr médio (VCM) form investigdos no pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus). Um totl de 12 peixes (49,7 ± 11,7 g) foi submetido à cptur com ou minutos de exposição ére. Nove peixes de cd trtmento form mostrdos, 1,, 6 minutos e 24 hors depois e outros nove peixes form mostrdos ntes d cptur e considerdos controle. cptur resultou em umento do cortisol e glicose no sngue e minutos depois d cptur, respectivmente, independente do tempo de exposição ére. mbos os indicdores recuperrm os vlores controle em 24 hors. Nos dois grupos de peixes, o cloreto plsmático diminuiu 6 minutos pós cptur e não recuperou os vlores controle, enqunto o sódio sérico umentou entre 1 e minutos recuperndo condição controle em 24 hors. Não houve lterção significtiv nos vlores de potássio, cálcio, osmolridde ou no hemtócrito, hemoglobin, CV e VCM como consequênci d cptur. Os estressores sequenciis plicdos no pcu durnte cptur tivrm o eixo cérebro-pituitári-interrenl (resposts do cortisol e glicose), ms tivção do eixo cérebro-sistem simpático-céluls cromfins foi prentemente moderd (resposts iônics e hemtológics). Plvrs-chve: cptur, exposição ére, estresse, Pirctus mesopotmicus. rz. J. iol., 69(2): , 29 41

2 breu, JS. et l. 1. Introduction There re mny potentil pplictions of the stress response. Experimentl biologists need to know the bseline from which to ssess whtever response they re studying. It is lso importnt to know whether fish under intensive quculture re in or out of stressed stte. quculture development depends on the estblishment of pproprite mngement prctices. Thus the fetures of the physiologicl stress responses cn serve this purpose. Vrious stressors, including fish cpture (Mugnier et l., 1998; rends et l., 1999; rcellos et l., 21; Roch et l., 24; Morles et l., 2), re necessry components of modern intensive quculture (Wendelr ong, 1997). The fish response to such stressors involves series of physiologicl chnges in n ttempt to compenste for the chllenge imposed upon it nd, thereby cope with the stress. Such chnges hve been brodly ctegorized into primry, secondry nd tertiry responses including hormonl, metbolic, osmoionic nd hemtologicl disturbnces nd hve been used to chrcterize the degree of stress fish experienced (McDonld nd Millign, 1997; Wendelr ong, 1997; Wojtszek et l., 22). The mjority of interntionl reserch effort hs gone into the stress responses of slmonids (McCormick et l., 1998; ckermn et l., 2; rton, 2), but other species such s crp (Cyprinus crpio L.) (Vinen et l., 21), tilpi (Oreochromis niloticus L.) (Vn der Slm et l., 2), turbot (Scophthlmus mximus L.) (Vn Hm et l., 2) nd se brem (Sprus urt L.) (rends et l., 1999) hve gined ttention due to their potentil for quculture in mny countries. However, little reserch hs been done on ntive South mericn fishes. mong the rzilin frmed fish, reserch on stress hs been crried out on mtrinxã (rycon cephlus) (Günther, 1869) (Crneiro nd Urbinti, 21; Ide et l., 2; Roch et l., 24; Urbinti et l., 24), tmbqui (Colossom mcropomum) (Cuvier, 1818) (Gomes et l., 2), pirrucu (rpims gigs) (Schinz, 1822) (Gomes et l., 2b) nd jundiá (Rndi quelen) (Quoy nd Gimrd, 1824) (rcellos et l., 21). Despite pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus) (Holmberg, 1887) being considered one of the most importnt ntive species (Queiroz et l., 2) nd studies on its reproduction (Romgos et l., 199), lrviculture (Jomori et l., 2), feeding nd nutrition (Souz et l., 2; echr et l., 2; Tkhshi et l., 26; bimord et l., 27) re vilble, there is sprse knowledge on the stress response of the species (Krieger et l., 1989; Mrtins et l., 2; Tkhshi et l., 26). In the present study, the physiologicl responses (hormonl, metbolic, ionic nd hemtologicl) to cpture (chsing, netting nd ir exposure) were investigted in the pcu. 2. Mteril nd Methods 2.1. Fish nd experimentl procedure Juveniles of pcu (12 fish, 49.7 ± 11.7 g) were rndomly distributed in thirty three 1 L boxes (4 fish per box), with constnt wter nd ir flow, where they were kept for 1 dys to cclimte to the experimentl conditions. Feeding ws stopped before the cpture tht consisted in chsing, netting nd exposed the fish to the ir. Fish were submitted to the conditions: T1: undisturbed fish (control) ( boxes), T2: chsing nd minutes of ir exposure (1 boxes), T: chsing nd of ir exposure (1 boxes). Nine fish of T2 nd T ( fish/ boxes) were smpled t ech smpling time (, 1,, 6 minutes nd fter hndling). The control fish (n = 9) were smpled before hndling. Fish were nesthetized (benzocine, 66 mg.l 1 ) nd bled by cudl vessels puncture nd serum nd plsm were seprted. The four fish of ech box were simultneously nesthetized but only were smpled nlyses Glucose (King nd Grner, 1947), hemtocrit, red blood cell count (RC), men corpusculr volume (MCV) nd hemoglobin were determined in totl blood (Celm D-), chloride (kit Lbtest) nd osmollity (Osmometer Wescor Mod ) in plsm nd cortisol (RI, kit Dignostics Products Corportion), sodium, potssium nd clcium (ion selector Iselb Drke) in serum. Wter temperture (29.1 ±. C) nd dissolved oxygen (4.4 ±.4 mg.l 1 ) (Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH, US, YSI ), ph (1.2 ±.4) (YSI 6) nd totl mmoni (.12 ±.4 mg.l 1, Nessler Rective) were monitored throughout the experiment. 2.. Sttisticl nlysis completely rndomized design (CRD) ws employed nd results were nlyzed by two-wy nlysis of vrince (NOV), with 2 tretments (cpture with or ir exposure) nd smpling times (, 1, nd 6 minutes nd fter cpture) s the fctors plus the resting condition (control fish). Dt were expressed in mens ± stndrd devition of the men. Mens were compred by Tukey test (p <.).. Results No mortlity ws observed in ny group during the experiment. There were hormonl nd metbolic chnges fter the hndling imposed on the fish. Serum cortisol concentrtions in ir-exposed fish either for minutes (T2) or (T) rose within minutes (p =.19) nd then dropped until lter. The rise ws higher in fish of tretment (p =.74) regrdless of the smpling (Figure 1). lood glucose in both ir-exposed fish (T2 nd T) incresed within (p =.1) compred to control (undisturbed fish) nd recovered the resting vlues within (Figure 1). Cpture elicited mild chnges in ionic blnce of pcu. Plsm chloride levels dropped in fish of tretments 2 nd within 6 minutes, not recovering the resting levels within (p =.291) (Figure 2). Serum sodium incresed (p =.26) t 416 rz. J. iol., 69(2): , 29

3 iologicl indictors of stress in pcu Serum cortisol (ng.ml 1 ) b 1 minutes 6 minutes b ir exposure lood glucose (mg.dl 1 ) C 1 minutes 6 minutes C ir exposure Smpling times Smpling times Figure 1. lood cortisol nd glucose of pcu undisturbed nd ir exposed for nd. Different cpitl letters indicte differences mong smpling times (ll ir exposure times re represented in the sme br) nd smll letters between tretments (ll smplings re represented in the sme br). rs represent mens of tretments or smplings. Verticl brs represent SEM. Plsm chloride (meq.l 1 ) C minutes CD 6 minutes D ir exposure Serum sodium (meq.l 1 ) minutes 6 minutes ir exposure Smpling times Smpling times Figure 2. Plsm chloride nd serum sodium of pcu undisturbed nd ir exposed for nd. Different cpitl letters indicte differences mong smpling times (ll ir exposure times re represented in the sme br) nd smll letters between tretments (ll smplings re represented in the sme br). rs represent mens of tretments or smplings. Verticl brs represent SEM. 1 nd minutes in both ir-exposed fish (T2 nd T) nd returned to resting levels lter (Figure 2). Potssium concentrtion (p =.291) nd osmollity (p =.2) did not chnge fter ir exposure (Tble 1). In fish of tretments 2 nd, clcium levels did not differ significntly until 6 minutes fter hndling nd decresed fter (p =.1) compred to the other smplings but not to the control condition (Tble 1). Excepting for MCV, which rose minutes fter cpture nd returned to resting levels lter (p =.44), the hemtocrit (Tble 1), red blood cells count (RC) nd hemoglobin (Figure ) were not ffected by cpture (p =.882; p =.298 nd p =.46, respectively). 4. Discussion Stress is biologicl response of dpttion to dverse conditions nd fish respond by ctivting responses such s incresed circulting cortisol nd glucose (Wendelr ong, 1997), chnges in blood ionic blnce (McDonld nd Millign, 1997) nd hemtologicl profile (Wojtszek et l., 22). lthough lbortory studies cn be criticized for lck of relism, they llow for systemtic determintion of generl behviorl nd physiologicl principles of stress response tht is not possible in the field. Interctions of sequentil stressors, s those to which the pcu ws exposed in the present study, often cuse incresed stress in fish. Cpture, for instnce, includes rz. J. iol., 69(2): ,

4 breu, JS. et l. Tble 1. Hemtocrit, serum potssium nd clcium nd osmollity of pcu undisturbed nd ir exposed for nd. Different cpitl letters indicte differences mong smplings nd smll letters between tretments. Smpling times ir exposure 1 minutes 6 minutes Mens 4. ±.21 Hemtocrit (%) Serum potssium (meq.l 1 ) Serum clcium (meq.l 1 ) Osmollity (mosmol.l 1 ) minutes 1.4 ± 2.22,2 ± ± 1.. ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 2.1 Mens.2 ± ± ± ± ± ±.49 minutes. ± ± ± ± ± ± ±. 2.4 ± ± ± ± ±.4 Mens 2.7 ± ± ±. 2. ± ±. 1. ±.6 minutes 1.48 ± ± ± ± ± ± ±. 1.1 ± ± ±.4 1. ± ±.1 Mens 1.46 ±.14 1.± ± ± ±.1 6. ±.8 minutes 1.9 ± ±.9 7. ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 6. Mens 12.7 ± ± ± ± ± 14.9 Erythrocyte number (cell.ul 1 ) x MCV (u ) Hemoglobin (g.dl 1 ) minutes 6 minutes ir exposure Smpling times Figure. Number of erythrocytes, men corpusculr volume (MCV) nd hemoglobin concentrtion of pcu undisturbed nd ir exposed for nd. Different cpitl letters indicte differences mong smpling times (ll ir exposure times re represented in the sme br) nd smll letters between tretments (ll smplings re represented in the sme br). rs represent mens of tretments or smplings. Verticl brs represent SEM. 418 rz. J. iol., 69(2): , 29

5 iologicl indictors of stress in pcu the chsing nd swimming of fish, physicl injury provoked by the contct mong fish nd with the net nd noxi by ir exposure (Mugnier et l., 1998; rends et l., 1999; Ross nd Ross, 1999; rcellos et l., 21; Morles et l., 2). Confirming the literture regrding fish stress, elevted circulting cortisol nd glucose of pcu were short-term responses in both ir-exposed fish fter cpture nd the recovery occurred within. However, the mgnitude of glucose responses ws low (from 6 to 94 mg.dl 1 ) compred to vlues found previously in pcu in stressed stte (Krieger et l., 1989; Mrtins et l., 2). ir exposure of Sprus urt for minutes resulted, within minutes, in n increse in plsm concentrtions of cortisol nd glucose. fter 2 hours, plsm cortisol nd fter 12 hours plsm glucose hd returned to control concentrtions (rends et l., 1999). On the other hnd, netting nd exposure of juvenile turbot to ir for 1-4 minutes hd no immedite effect on plsm cortisol concentrtions (Mugnier et l., 1998). The stress response of pcu involved ctivtion of the brin-pituitry-interrenl xis, s indicted by the cortisol nd glucose elevtions nd it ws probbly elicited by the combined stimuli of fish swimming when chsed, netting nd the hypoxic condition provoked by ir exposure. Mny stressors ffect the ionic blnce in fish (Wendelr ong, 1997) fcilitted by cthecolmineinduced increse of gill permebility responsible for chloride nd sodium exchnge with the environment (McDonld nd Millign, 1997). Decrese in plsm concentrtion of chloride nd sodium were found in other stressed freshwter fish s in rycon cephlus fter trnsport (Crneiro nd Urbinti, 21; Urbinti et l., 24). In our experiment, prtil nd moderte disturbnce of the ionic blnce ws found in both ir exposed fish. In stressed pcu, chloride decresed 6 minutes fter cpture wheres sodium concentrtion incresed trnsiently between 1 nd 6 minutes fter cpture. dditionlly, clcium nd potssium levels nd osmollity were not ffected by the sequentil stressors during cpture. pprently only moderte nd rther specific loss of permebility control occurred s consequence of cpture. The low mgnitude of glucose responses, mild chloride nd sodium disturbnces, nd the lcking potssium, clcium nd osmollity responses indicted low ctivtion of the brin-sympthetic-chromffin cell xis, nd hence low relese of ctecholmines, which seemed though to occur to higher extent t severe stressors (Mzeud nd Mzeud, 1981). Severl studies re known to initite ctecholmine secretion in fish including physicl disturbnce (Ristori nd Lurent, 198) nd hypoxi (Ristori nd Lurent, 1989). However, the degree of hypoxi required to initite the responses is highly vrible. Studies hve shown tht there exist hypoxi-tolernt species such s crp (Vinen et l., 21) in contrst to hypoxi-intolernt species such s rinbow trout (outilier et l., 1988). recent study tht provided the first dt on plsm ctecholmines level in tropicl fish (Perry et l., 24) hs shown tht plsm ctecholmines levels remined constnt in pcu exposed to cute hypoxi, suggesting n inopertive or bsent humorl drenergic stress response in this species. The results of the hemtologicl ssessement of stressed pcu confirmed the low degree of ctivtion of the brin-sympthetic-chromffin cell xis. Periphericl blood nlysis hs been used s dignosis to ssess helthy stte in fish nd the effect of severl stressors on them (Wojtszek et l., 22). The most significnt effect of ctecholmines relese during stress is to enhnce blood O 2 trnsport by incresing the crrying cpcity (Wells nd Weber, 199) nd by enhncing Hb-O 2 binding ffinity (Cossins nd Richrdson, 198). No significnt chnges were found in the hemtologicl prmeters tested in pcu fter the sequence of stressors during the cpture. Concluding, the results of this work indicte tht the submission of sequentil stressors on pcu during cpture ctivted the brin-pituitry-interrenl xis (cortisol nd glucose responses) but the ctivtion of the brin-sympthetic-chromffin cell xis ws pprently moderte (ionic nd hemtologicl responses). cknowledgements We would like to thnk Mrs. Dmres Perecim Roviero for the technicl support, to Piscicultur Águs Clrs (Mococ, SP) for the fish dontion nd to the quculture Centre of So Pulo Stte University for the fcilities. References IMORD, EG., CRNEIRO, DJ. nd URINTI, EC., 27. Growth nd metbolism of pcu (Pirctus mesopotmicus) juveniles fed diets contining different protein, lipid, nd crbohydrte levels. quculture Reserch, vol. 8, no. 1, p CKERMN, P., FORSYTH, R., MZUR, CF. nd IWM, GK., 2. Stress hormones nd the cellulr stress response in slmonids. Fish Physiology nd iochemistry, vol. 2, no. 4, p RENDS, RJ., MNCER, JM., MUNOZ, JL., WENDELR ONG, SE. nd FLIK, G., The stress response of the gilthed se brem (Sprus urt L.) to ir exposure nd confinement. Journl of Endocrinology, vol. 16, no. 1, p RCELLOS, LJG., WOEHL, VM., WSSERMNN, GF., QUEVEDO, RM., ITTZÉS, I. nd KRIEGER, MH., 21. Plsm levels of cortisol nd glucose in response to cpture nd tnk trnsference in Rhmdi quelen (Quoy nd Gimrd), South mericn ctfish. quculture Reserch, vol. 2, no. 2, p RTON,., 2. Slmonid fishes differ in their cortisol nd glucose responses to hndling nd trnsport stress. North mericn Journl of quculture, vol. 62, no. 1, p ECHR, J., ROUX, JP., DIS, FJR., QUINTN, CIF. nd MEE, CL., 2. The effect of dietry protein level on pond wter qulity nd feed utiliztion efficiency of pcu Pirctus mesopotmicus (Holmberg, 1887). quculture Reserch, vol. 6, no. 6, p rz. J. iol., 69(2): ,

6 breu, JS. et l. OUTILIER, RG., DOSON, GP., HOEGER, U. nd RNDLL, DJ., cute exposure to grded levels of hypoxi in rinbow trout (Slmo girdneri): metbolic nd respirtory dpttions. Respirtory Physiology, vol. 71, no. 1, p CRNEIRO, PCF. nd URINTI, EC., 21. Slt s stress response mitigtor of mtrinxã rycon cephlus (Teleostei: Chrcide) during trnsport. quculture Reserch, vol. 2, no. 4, p COSSINS, R. nd RICHRDSON, P., 198. drenlineinduced N + /H + exchnge in trout erythrocytes nd its effects upon oxygen-crrying cpcity. The Journl of Experimentl iology, vol. 188, no. 1, p GOMES, LC., CHIPPRI-GOMES, R., LOPES, NP., ROUCH, R., RUJO-LIM, CRM. nd URINTI, EC., 2. Effect of fish density on the stress physiologicl responses nd mortlity of juvenile tmbqui Colossom mcropomum during trnsporttion. Journl of the World quculture Society, vol. 4, no. 1, p GOMES, LC., ROUCH, R., CVERO, S., PEREIR- FILHO, M. nd URINTI, EC., 2b. Trnsport of Pirrucu rpim gigs in closed system. ct mzonic, vol., no. 4, p IDE, LM., URINTI, EC. nd HOFFMNN,., 2. The role of olfction in the behviorl nd physiologicl responses to conspecific skin extrct in teleost fish, rycon cephlus. Journl of Fish iology, vol. 6, no. 2, p JOMORI, RK., CRNEIRO, DJ., MLHEIROS, E. nd PORTELL, MC., 2. Growth nd survivl of pcu Pirctus mesopotmicus (Holmberg, 1887) juveniles rered in ponds or t different initil lrviculture periods indoors. quculture, vol. 221, no. 2, p KING, EJ. nd GRNER, RJ., Colorimetric determintion of glucose. Journl of Clinicl Pthology, vol. 1, no. 1, p.. KRIEGER, MH., DELTTRE, E., CROLSFELD, J., CECCRELLI, P. nd MENEZES, FV., time-course study of physiologicl indictors of hndling stress in the tropicl fish Pirctus mesopotmicus (pcu). rzilin Journl of Medicl nd iologicl Reserch, vol. 22, no. 9, p MRTINS, ML., MORES, FR., MORES, JRE. nd MLHEIROS, E., 2. Flh d respost do cortisol o estresse por cptur e por crrgenin em Pirctus mesopotmicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes: Chrcide). ct Scientirum, vol. 22, no. 4, p MZEUD, MM. nd MZEUD, F., drenergic responses to stress in fish. In PICKERING, D. (Ed.). Stress nd fish. London: cdemic Press Inc. p McCORMICK, SD., SHRIMPTON, JM., CREY, J., O DE, MF., SLON, KE., MORIYM, S. nd JORNSSON, TH., Repeted cute stress reduces growth rte of tlntic slmon prr nd lters plsm levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth fctor I nd cortisol. quculture, vol. 168, no. 2, p McDONLD, G. nd MILLIGN, L., Ionic, osmotic nd cid-bse regultion in stress. In IWM, GW., PICKERING, D., SUMPTER, JP. nd SCHRECK, C. (Eds.). Fish stress nd helth in quculture. Cmbridge: Cmbridge University Press. p MORLES, E., CRDENETE, G., ELLÁN, E. nd REJÓN-GRCÍ, L., 2. Stress-relted physiologicl responses to hndling in common dentex (Dentex dentex Linneus, 178). quculture Reserch, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 4. MUGNIER, C., FOSTIER,., GUEZOU, S., GIGNON, JL. nd QUEMENER, L., Effect of some repetitive fctors on turbot stress response. quculture Interntionl, vol. 6, no. 1, p. -4. PERRY, SF., REID, SG., GILMOUR, KM., OIJINK, CL., LOPES, JM., MILSOM, WK. nd RNTIN, FT., 24. comprison of drenergic stress responses in three tropicl teleosts exposed to cute hypoxi. mericn Journl of Physiology - Regultory, Integrtive nd Comprtive Physiology, vol. 287, no. 1, p QUEIROZ, JF., LOURENÇO, JNP., KITMUR, PC., SCORVO FILHO, JD., CYRINO, JEP., CSTGNOLLI, N., VLENTI, WC. nd ERNRDINO, G., 2. quculture in rzil: reserch priorities nd potentil for further interntionl collbortion. World quculture Mgzine, vol. 6, p. 4-. RISTORI, MT. nd LURENT, P., 198. Plsm ctecholmines nd glucose during moderte exercise in the trout: comprisons with bursts of violent ctivity. Experimentl iology, vol. 44, no. 4, p , Plsm ctecholmines in rinbow trout (Slmo girdneri) during hypoxi. Experimentl iology, vol. 48, no., p ROCH, RM., CRVLHO, EG. nd URINTI, EC., 24. Physiologicl responses ssocited with cpture nd crowding stress in mtrinxã rycon cephlus (Gunther, 1869). quculture Reserch, vol., no., p ROMGOS, E., PIV, P. nd GODINHO, HM., 199. Pttern of oocyte dimeter frequency distribution in femles of the Pcu, Pirctus mesopotmicus (Holmberg 1887) (Colossom mitrei erg 189), induced to spwn. quculture, vol. 86, no. 1, p ROSS, LG. nd ROSS,., nesthetic nd sedtive techniques for qutic nimls. Oxford: lckwell Science. 176p. SOUZ, VL., OLIVEIR, EG. nd URINTI, EC., 2. Effects of food restriction nd refeeding on energy stores nd growth of pcu, Pirctus mesopotmicus. Journl of quculture in the Tropics, vol. 1, no., p TKHSHI, LS., REU, JS., ILLER, JD. nd URINTI, EC., 26. Efeito do mbiente pós-trnsporte n recuperção dos indicdores de estresse de pcus juvenis, Pirctus mesopotmicus. ct Scientirum nim. Science, vol. 28, no. 4, p TKHSHI, LS., LDN, P. nd URINTI, EC., 26. Growth performnce nd energetic metbolism of pcu, Pirctus mesopotmicus (Holmberg, 1887) fed diets supplemented with mmonium metvndte. quculture Reserch, vol. 7, no. 1, p URINTI, EC., REU, JS., CMRGO, CS. nd LNDINES, MP., 24. Loding nd trnsport stress of juvenile mtrinxã (rycon cephlus, Chrcide) t vrious densities. quculture, vol. 229, no. 4, p VN DER SLM, L., SPNINGS, FT., GRESNIGT. R., WENDELR ONG, SE. nd FLIK, G., 2. ckground 42 rz. J. iol., 69(2): , 29

7 iologicl indictors of stress in pcu dpttion nd wter cidifiction ffect pigmenttion nd stress physiology of tilpi, Oreochromis mossmbicus. Generl nd Comprtive Endocrinology, vol. 144, no. 1, p VN HM, EH., VN NHOLT, RD., KRUITWGEN, G., IMSLND, K., FOSS,., SVEINSØ, O., FITZGERLD, R., PRPOUR, C., STEFNSSON, SO. nd WENDELR ONG, SE., 2. Environment ffects stress in exercised turbot. Comprtive iochemistry nd Physiology. Moleculr & Integrtive Physiology, vol. 16, no., p VINEN, GJ., VN DEN THILLRT, GEEJ., VN KMPEN, M., VN HEEL, TI. nd STEFFENS,., 21. Plsm lctte nd stress hormones in common crp (Cyprinus crpio) nd rinbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during stepwise decresing oxygen levels. Netherlnds Journl of Zoology, vol. 1, no. 1, p. -. WELLS, RMG. nd WEER, RE., 199. The spleen in hypoxic nd exercised rinbow trout. Journl of Experimentl iology, vol. 1, no. 1, p WENDELR ONG, SE., The stress response in fish. Physiologicl Reviews, vol. 77, no. 4, p WOJTSZEK, J., DZIEWULSK-SZWJKOWSK, D., LOZINSK-GSK, M., DMOWICZ,. nd DZUGJ,., 22. Hemtologicl effects of high dose of cortisol on the crp (Cyprinus crpio L.): cortisol effect on the crp blood. Generl nd Comprtive Endocrinology, vol. 12, no. 2, p rz. J. iol., 69(2): ,

8

Effect of environmental stress on biochemical and physiological features in cultured fish

Effect of environmental stress on biochemical and physiological features in cultured fish Effect of environmentl stress on biochemicl nd physiologicl fetures in cultured fish Toshiki Nkno, Toshiysu Ymguchi, nd Yoshihiro Ochii Grd. Sch. Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., Sendi, Jpn Fmous Smuri Mr. Msmune

More information

EFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE

EFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE Swine Dy 21 EFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokch, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodbnd, S. S. Dritz 1, J. C. Woodworth, M. J. Webster, B. W.

More information

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 Swine Dy 2001 Contents EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 C. W. Hstd, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokch, nd R. D. Goodbnd Summry Two trils were

More information

Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal and Brewer s Grains with Yeast in Diets for Australian Red Claw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus

Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal and Brewer s Grains with Yeast in Diets for Australian Red Claw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus Replcing Fish Mel with Soyben Mel nd Brewer s Grins with Yest in Diets for Austrlin Red Clw Cryfish, Cherx qudricrintus Lur A. Muzinic*, Kenneth R. Thompson, & Crl D. Webster Introduction Soyben mel (SBM)

More information

Clinical Study Report Synopsis Drug Substance Naloxegol Study Code D3820C00018 Edition Number 1 Date 01 February 2013 EudraCT Number

Clinical Study Report Synopsis Drug Substance Naloxegol Study Code D3820C00018 Edition Number 1 Date 01 February 2013 EudraCT Number EudrCT Number 2012-001531-31 A Phse I, Rndomised, Open-lbel, 3-wy Cross-over Study in Helthy Volunteers to Demonstrte the Bioequivlence of the Nloxegol 25 mg Commercil nd Phse III Formultions nd to Assess

More information

Physiological & Behavioral Indicators of Shad Susceptibility to Impingement at Water Intakes

Physiological & Behavioral Indicators of Shad Susceptibility to Impingement at Water Intakes University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trce: Tennessee Reserch nd Cretive Exchnge Msters Theses Grdute School 5-2006 Physiologicl & Behviorl Indictors of Shd Susceptibility to Impingement t Wter Intkes Brooks

More information

Feeding state and age dependent changes in melaninconcentrating hormone expression in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens

Feeding state and age dependent changes in melaninconcentrating hormone expression in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens Supplementry Mterils Epub: No 2017_23 Vol. 65, 2018 https://doi.org/10.183/bp.2017_23 Regulr pper Feeding stte nd ge dependent chnges in melninconcentrting hormone expression in the hypothlmus of broiler

More information

EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE

EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE Swine Dy 22 Contents EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE B. J. Johnson, J. P. Kyser, J. D. Dunn, A. T. Wyln, S. S. Dritz 1, J.

More information

Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats

Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats Chronic high-sodium diet intke fter wening led to neurogenic hypertension in dult Wistr rts 1 Pul Mglhães Gomes; 2 Rento Willin Mrtins Sá; 1 Giovn Lopes Aguir; 1 Milede Hnner Sriv Pes; 1 Andréi Crvlho

More information

ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY

ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY VARIATION IN THE DIETARY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY Shwn Firbirn, John Ptience, Hnk Clssen nd Ruurd Zijlstr SUMMARY Formultion of commercil pig diets requires n incresing degree

More information

FOOD-DEPRIVATION AFFECTS SEAWATER ACCLIMATION IN TILAPIA: HORMONAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES

FOOD-DEPRIVATION AFFECTS SEAWATER ACCLIMATION IN TILAPIA: HORMONAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES The Journl of Experimentl Biology 199, 7 75 (199) Printed in Gret Britin The Compny of Biologists Limited 199 JEB1 7 FOOD-DEPRIVATION AFFECTS SEAWATER ACCLIMATION IN TILAPIA: HORMONAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES

More information

Comparison of three simple methods for the

Comparison of three simple methods for the J. clin. Pth. (1967), 2, 5 Comprison of three simple methods for the ssessment of 'free' thyroid hormone T. M. D. GIMLETTE1 From the Rdio-Isotope Lbortory, St. Thoms's Hospitl, London SYNOPSIS A dilysis

More information

Analysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses

Analysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses Interntionl Journl of Biomedicl Mterils Reserch 8 6(): -7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr doi:.648/j.ijbmr.86. ISSN: 33-756 (Print) ISSN: 33-7579 (Online) Anlysis of Regultory of Interrelted

More information

EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS LINNAEUS) FRY

EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS LINNAEUS) FRY 8 th Interntionl Symposium on Tilpi in Aquculture 2008 345 EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS LINNAEUS) FRY C. SAMRONGPAN*,

More information

Relationship between food availability, glycerol and glycogen levels in lowtemperature challenged rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax

Relationship between food availability, glycerol and glycogen levels in lowtemperature challenged rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax 866 The Journl of Experimentl Biology, 866-87 Published by The Compny of Biologists 7 doi:.4/jeb.749 Reltionship between food vilbility, glycerol nd glycogen levels in lowtemperture chllenged rinbow smelt

More information

Extraction and Some Functional Properties of Protein Extract from Rice Bran

Extraction and Some Functional Properties of Protein Extract from Rice Bran Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 40 : 209-214 (2006) Extrction nd Some Functionl Properties of Protein Extrct from Rice Brn Chockchi Theerkulkit*, Siree Chiseri nd Siriwt Mongkolknchnsiri ABSTRACT Rice brn protein

More information

Using Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids

Using Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phlenopsis Orchids A REPORT SUBMITTED TO FINE AMERICAS Linsey Newton nd Erik Runkle Deprtment of Horticulture Spring 28 Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress

More information

Recent advances in cryopreservation od salmonid fish semen. Andrzej Ciereszko

Recent advances in cryopreservation od salmonid fish semen. Andrzej Ciereszko Recent dvnces in cryopreservtion od slmonid fish semen Andrzej Ciereszko Institute of Animl Reproduction nd Food Reserch, Polish Acdemy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Polnd Justifiction for the studies Poor performnce

More information

Shamsuddin M. Mamun, U. Focken, G. Francis and K. Becker University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. September 2004

Shamsuddin M. Mamun, U. Focken, G. Francis and K. Becker University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. September 2004 A GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND METABOLIC RATES OF GENETICALLY IMPROVED AND CONVENTIONAL STRAINS OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (L.) Shmsuddin M. Mmun, U. Focken, G. Frncis nd K. Becker University of

More information

Abstract ABSTRACT #69. Abstract. Introduction & Methods. Methods & Results. Results. Results & Conclusions

Abstract ABSTRACT #69. Abstract. Introduction & Methods. Methods & Results. Results. Results & Conclusions Effects of dietry β-glucn on Growth Performnce, Dirrhe, nd Gut Permeility of Wening Pigs Experimentlly Infected with Pthogenic E. coli Kwngwook Kim, Amy Ehrlich, Vivin Perng, Jennifer Chse, Helen Ryould,

More information

Optimisation of diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) broodstock: effect of arachidonic acid on egg & larval quality

Optimisation of diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) broodstock: effect of arachidonic acid on egg & larval quality Optimistion of diets for Atlntic cod (Gdus morhu) roodstock: effect of rchidonic cid on egg & lrvl qulity Dr Gordon Bell, Ms. An Blnco, Dr Bill Roy, Dr Derek Roertson, Dr Jim Henderson nd Mr Richrd Prickett,

More information

Effect of supplemental fat from dried distillers grains with solubles or corn oil on cow performance, IGF-1, GH, and NEFA concentrations 1

Effect of supplemental fat from dried distillers grains with solubles or corn oil on cow performance, IGF-1, GH, and NEFA concentrations 1 Effect of supplementl ft from dried distillers grins with solules or corn oil on cow performnce, IGF-1, GH, nd NEFA concentrtions 1 Aigil Brtosh 2, Cody Wright 3, Aimee Wertz-Lutz 4, nd George Perry 5

More information

METHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY

METHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY METHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 4010 is procedure for screening solids such s soils, sludges, nd queous medi such s wste wter nd lechtes

More information

Handgrip exercise elevates basilic venous hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects

Handgrip exercise elevates basilic venous hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects interntionl journl of nursing sciences 1 (2014) 389e393 Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journl homepge: http://www.elsevier.com/journls/interntionljournl-of-nursing-sciences/2352-0132

More information

Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Usman, Rabia Fatima, Sajid Aziz, Muhammad Wasif Malik, Muhammad Javaid Asad and Sikandar Khan Sherwani

Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Usman, Rabia Fatima, Sajid Aziz, Muhammad Wasif Malik, Muhammad Javaid Asad and Sikandar Khan Sherwani Americn-Eursin Journl of Toxicologicl Sciences 7 (4): 214-219, 2015 ISSN 2079-2050 IDOSI Publictions, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ejts.2015.7.4.9447 Reltionship Among Alnine Amino-Trnsferse (ALT), Prtil Thromboplstin

More information

Meat and Food Safety. B.A. Crow, M.E. Dikeman, L.C. Hollis, R.A. Phebus, A.N. Ray, T.A. Houser, and J.P. Grobbel

Meat and Food Safety. B.A. Crow, M.E. Dikeman, L.C. Hollis, R.A. Phebus, A.N. Ray, T.A. Houser, and J.P. Grobbel Met nd Food Sfety Needle-Free Injection Enhncement of Beef Strip Loins with Phosphte nd Slt Hs Potentil to Improve Yield, Tenderness, nd Juiciness ut Hrm Texture nd Flvor B.A. Crow, M.E. Dikemn, L.C. Hollis,

More information

* * * * * liver kidney ileum. Supplementary Fig.S1

* * * * * liver kidney ileum. Supplementary Fig.S1 Supplementry Fig.S1 liver kidney ileum Fig.S1. Orlly delivered Fexrmine is intestinlly-restricted Mice received vehicle or Fexrmine (100mg/kg) vi per os (PO) or intrperitonel (IP) injection for 5 dys (n=3/group).

More information

The RUTHERFORD-2 trial in heterozygous FH: Results and implications

The RUTHERFORD-2 trial in heterozygous FH: Results and implications The RUTHERFORD-2 tril in heterozygous FH: Results nd implictions Slide deck kindly supplied s n eductionl resource by Professor Derick Rl MD PhD Crbohydrte & Lipid Metbolism Reserch Unit University of

More information

Effects of physical exercise on working memory and prefrontal cortex function in post-stroke patients

Effects of physical exercise on working memory and prefrontal cortex function in post-stroke patients Effects of physicl exercise on working memory nd prefrontl cortex function in post-stroke ptients M Moriy, C Aoki, K Sktni Grdute School of Helth Sciences Reserch, Mjor of Physicl Therpy, TeikyoHeisei

More information

Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships

Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships J Appl Physiol 115: 325 336, 2013. First published My 2, 2013; doi:10.1152/jpplphysiol.00372.2013. Beetroot juice nd exercise: phrmcodynmic nd dose-response reltionships Lee J. Wylie, 1 Jmes Kelly, 1 Stephen

More information

Optimizing Metam Sodium Fumigation in Fine-Textured Soils

Optimizing Metam Sodium Fumigation in Fine-Textured Soils Optimizing Metm Sodium Fumigtion in Fine-Textured Soils Neil C Gudmestd University Distinguished Professor & Endowed Chir of Potto Pthology Deprtment of Plnt Pthology North Dkot Stte University Erly Dying

More information

Effects of age, density, and seasonality on molt pattern in the mammal genus (Peromyscus)

Effects of age, density, and seasonality on molt pattern in the mammal genus (Peromyscus) University of New Hmpshire University of New Hmpshire Scholrs' Repository Honors Theses nd Cpstones Student Scholrship Spring 2015 Effects of ge, density, nd sesonlity on molt pttern in the mmml genus

More information

THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS

THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS THE EVALUATION OF DEHULLED CANOLA MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS John F. Ptience nd Doug Gillis SUMMARY

More information

Mecadox. Improves pig performance in a wide range of health and growing conditions. (Carbadox) Talk With a Phibro Expert:

Mecadox. Improves pig performance in a wide range of health and growing conditions. (Carbadox) Talk With a Phibro Expert: SWINE (Crbdox) Improves pig performnce in wide rnge of helth nd growing conditions The Advntge Over the yers, medicted feed dditive hs proven to be cost-effective mngement tool for improving pig performnce

More information

Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Betong Chickens (Gallus domesticus) During Growing Period

Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Betong Chickens (Gallus domesticus) During Growing Period Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 9 (5): 468-472, 2010 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2010 Effects of Dietry Protein nd Energy on Growth Performnce nd Crcss Chrcteristics of

More information

Stress inhibition of melatonin synthesis in the pineal organ of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is mediated by cortisol.

Stress inhibition of melatonin synthesis in the pineal organ of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is mediated by cortisol. First posted online on 16 Jnury 2014 s 10.1242/je.087916 J Exp Biol Advnce Access Online the most Articles. recent version First t posted http://je.iologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/je.087916 online on

More information

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content Supplementry Online Content Zulmn DM, Pl Chee C, Ezeji-Okoye SC, et l. Effect of n intensive outptient progrm to ugment primry cre for high-need Veterns Affirs ptients: rndomized clinicl tril. JAMA Intern

More information

Effect of Oral Administration of Propylene Glycol on Serum Glucose Concentrations in Periparturient Dairy Cows

Effect of Oral Administration of Propylene Glycol on Serum Glucose Concentrations in Periparturient Dairy Cows Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 37 : 145-149 (2003) Effect of Orl Administrtion of Propylene Glycol on Serum Glucose Concentrtions in Periprturient Diry Cows Theer Rukkwmsuk, Nrongpol Petploi, Ing-orn Preechnvinit,

More information

The Acute Time Course of Concurrent Activation Potentiation

The Acute Time Course of Concurrent Activation Potentiation Mrquette University e-publictions@mrquette Exercise Science Fculty Reserch nd Publictions Exercise Science, Deprtment of 1-1-2010 The Acute Time Course of Concurrent Activtion Potentition Luke Grceu Mrquette

More information

Scientific research on the biological value of olive oil

Scientific research on the biological value of olive oil Scientific reserch on the biologicl vlue olive oil Cov F.G. Ally M. (ed.). L' économie de l' olivier Pr : CIHEAM Options Méditerrnéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988-V 1988 pges 149-152 Article vilble on le

More information

Scholarly Research Exchange

Scholarly Research Exchange Scholrly Reserch Exchnge Volume 9 Article ID 7959 doi:1.3814/9/7959 Reserch Article Different Dietry Levels of Protein to Lipid Rtio Affected Digestive Efficiency, Skeletl Growth, nd Muscle Protein in

More information

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STIMULI ON MEAGRE (Argyrosomus regius) FEEDING BEHAVIOUR.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STIMULI ON MEAGRE (Argyrosomus regius) FEEDING BEHAVIOUR. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STIMULI ON MEGRE (rgyrosomus regius) FEEDING EHVIOUR. Ionnis E. Ppdkis, Nikos Ppndroulkis, lkioni Sfendourki, Veronic Cmporesi 3, Mnolis Vsilkis, Constntinos C. Mylons Institute

More information

Nozzi Valentina, Graber Andreas, Mathis Alex, Schmautz Zala, Junge Ranka

Nozzi Valentina, Graber Andreas, Mathis Alex, Schmautz Zala, Junge Ranka Nozzi Vlentin, Grer ndres, Mthis lex, Schmutz Zl, Junge Rnk Interntionl conference quponics reserch mttes Ljuljn, 22-24 Mrch 216 Some nutrients from the quculture effluents re present in insufficient quntities

More information

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PROTEOMIC RESPONSES OF TOBACCO SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PROTEOMIC RESPONSES OF TOBACCO SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PROTEOMIC RESPONSES OF TOBACCO SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES Rent Bi Deprtment of Biology, Fculty of Science, University of Zgre INTRODUCTION Nnoprticles (NPs) Silver nnoprticles

More information

Roughage Type & Level & Grain Processing Interactions with Distiller s s Grains Diets. Matt May High Plains Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference

Roughage Type & Level & Grain Processing Interactions with Distiller s s Grains Diets. Matt May High Plains Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference Roughge Type & Level & Grin Processing Interctions with Distiller s s Grins Diets Mtt My High Plins Bio Fuels Co-Product Nutrition Conference Why do we flke grin? Stem-flked corn (SFC) vs. dry-rolled rolled

More information

Vitamin D and Mushrooms: Enrichment With Pulsed UV Light. Michael Kalaras Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University

Vitamin D and Mushrooms: Enrichment With Pulsed UV Light. Michael Kalaras Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University Vitmin D nd Mushrooms: Enrichment With Pulsed UV Light Michel Klrs Deprtment of Food Science The Pennsylvni Stte University Vitmin D Synthesis Source: http://vitmind.ucr.edu/imges/chem1.gif Vitmin D In

More information

USE OF SORGHUM-BASED DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DIETS FOR NURSERY AND FINISHING PIGS

USE OF SORGHUM-BASED DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DIETS FOR NURSERY AND FINISHING PIGS Swine Dy 1996 USE OF SORGHUM-BASED DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DIETS FOR NURSERY AND FINISHING PIGS B. W. Senne, J. D. Hncock, I. Mvromichlis, S. L. Johnston, P. S. Sorrell, I. H. Kim, nd R. H. Hines Summry Two

More information

Impact of essential fatty acid deficiency and temperature on tissues' fatty acid composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Impact of essential fatty acid deficiency and temperature on tissues' fatty acid composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Plese note tht this is n uthor-produced PDF of n rticle ccepted for publiction following peer review. The definitive publisher-uthenticted version is vilble on the publisher Web site Aquculture Vol. 255,

More information

Effect of Probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) on Growth Performance and Hematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Effect of Probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) on Growth Performance and Hematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles World Journl of Fish nd Mrine Sciences 5 (): 0-08, 203 ISSN 2078-4589 IDOSI Pulictions, 203 DOI: 0.5829/idosi.wjfms.203.05.0.6582 Effect of Proiotics (Lctocillus nd Bifidocterium) on Growth Performnce

More information

XII. HIV/AIDS. Knowledge about HIV Transmission and Misconceptions about HIV

XII. HIV/AIDS. Knowledge about HIV Transmission and Misconceptions about HIV XII. HIV/AIDS Knowledge bout HIV Trnsmission nd Misconceptions bout HIV One of the most importnt prerequisites for reducing the rte of HIV infection is ccurte knowledge of how HIV is trnsmitted nd strtegies

More information

The Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typical Corn with or without Supplemental Fat on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers

The Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typical Corn with or without Supplemental Fat on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers Beef Reserch Report, 2000 Animl Science Reserch Reports 2001 The Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typicl Corn with or without Supplementl Ft on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers Crig R. Belknp Iow Stte

More information

EFFECT OF ANESTHETICS ON STRESS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA)

EFFECT OF ANESTHETICS ON STRESS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA) The Isreli Journl of Aquculture Bmidgeh 56(1), 24, 5-13 5 EFFECT OF ANESTHETICS ON STRESS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA) Keren Bressler nd Benny Ron* Isrel Ocenogrphic

More information

PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended by the CDC for all your appropriate adult patients at increased risk for pneumococcal disease 1,2 :

PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended by the CDC for all your appropriate adult patients at increased risk for pneumococcal disease 1,2 : PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended y the CDC for ll your pproprite dult ptients t incresed risk for pneumococcl disese 1,2 : Adults ged

More information

EFFECT OF VITAMIN B12 SUPPLEMENT ON SERUM LEVELS OF VITAMIN B12 AND MEMORIZING ABILITY ON PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

EFFECT OF VITAMIN B12 SUPPLEMENT ON SERUM LEVELS OF VITAMIN B12 AND MEMORIZING ABILITY ON PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IJPSR (2018), Volume 9, Issue 10 (Reserch Article) Received on 12 Jnury, 2018; received in revised form, 05 June, 2018; ccepted, 13 July, 2018; published 01 October, 2018 EFFECT OF VITAMIN B12 SUPPLEMENT

More information

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017 Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July September 2017 Prepred s prt of Ministry of Helth contrct for scientific services by Rebekh Roos Helen Heffernn October 2017 Acknowledgements This report

More information

A Comparison of Serum Magnesium Level in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

A Comparison of Serum Magnesium Level in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Brief Report J Bbol Univ Med Sci Vol 18, Issu 12; Dec 2016. P:71-75 A Comprison of Serum Mgnesium Level in Pregnnt Women with nd without Gesttionl Dibetes Mellitus (GDM) Z. Bouzri (MD) 1, F. Elmi(MD) 2,

More information

THE USE OF SOY PRODUCTS AND OTHER PLANT PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN AQUACULTURE FEEDS

THE USE OF SOY PRODUCTS AND OTHER PLANT PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN AQUACULTURE FEEDS THE USE OF SOY PRODUCTS AND OTHER PLANT PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN AQUACULTURE FEEDS by DEAN M. AKIYAMA Americn Soyben Assocition 541 Orchrd Rod, # 11-03 Lit Towers Singpore Aquculture feed production worldwide

More information

The potential future of targeted radionuclide therapy: implications for occupational exposure? P. Covens

The potential future of targeted radionuclide therapy: implications for occupational exposure? P. Covens The potentil future of trgeted rdionuclide therpy: implictions for occuptionl exposure? Introduction: Trgeted Rdionuclide Therpy (TRT) Systemic tretment Molecule lbelled with rdionuclide delivers toxic

More information

(Huso huso) (P< (P> .(P< .(P<

(Huso huso) (P< (P> .(P< .(P< (Huso huso) Vhid_tghizdeh54@yhoo.com ( ) ( (P> P>.(.( Huso huso (O. mykiss (Wtne & Pongmneert, 1993) (Ymmoto et l., 1995) O. mykiss) Hung, 1989 Acipenser ruthenus Hrdy, 2008 A. erii (Ronyi et l., 2002)

More information

Appendix J Environmental Justice Populations

Appendix J Environmental Justice Populations Appendix J Environmentl Justice s [This pge intentionlly left blnk] Tble of Contents REFERENCES...J-2 Pge LIST OF TABLES Pge Tble J-1: Demogrphic Overview of Bruinsburg Site Project Are... J-3 Tble J-2:

More information

Abstract. Introduction. V.I. Lushchak 1,*, T.V. Bagnyukova 1,*, J.M. Storey 2 and K.B. Storey 2

Abstract. Introduction. V.I. Lushchak 1,*, T.V. Bagnyukova 1,*, J.M. Storey 2 and K.B. Storey 2 Brzilin Journl of Medicl nd Biologicl Reserch (2001) 34: 1055-1064 Effect of exercise on glycolytic enzymes in fish tissues ISSN 0100-879X 1055 Influence of exercise on the ctivity nd the distriution etween

More information

Adipocyte in vascular wall can induce the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Adipocyte in vascular wall can induce the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm Adipocyte in vsculr wll cn induce the rupture of dominl ortic neurysm Hiron Kugo 1 *, Nouhiro Zim 1 *, Hiroki Tnk 2 *, Youhei Mouri 1, Kenichi Yngimoto 3, Kohsuke Hymizu 3,4, Keisuke Hshimoto 1, Tkeshi

More information

Assessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis. Validity of Including Somatic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II

Assessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis. Validity of Including Somatic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II Assessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Vlidity of Including Somtic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II Peggy Crwford, PhD; Noh J. Webster, MA Signs nd symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)

More information

Marcos A. López-Patiño, Arnau Rodríguez-Illamola, Manuel Gesto, José L. Soengas and Jesús M. Míguez*

Marcos A. López-Patiño, Arnau Rodríguez-Illamola, Manuel Gesto, José L. Soengas and Jesús M. Míguez* 928 The Journl of Experimentl Biology 214, 928-936 211. Pulished y The Compny of Biologists Ltd doi:1.1242/je.51516 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chnges in plsm meltonin levels nd pinel orgn meltonin synthesis following

More information

CheckMate 153: Randomized Results of Continuous vs 1-Year Fixed-Duration Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

CheckMate 153: Randomized Results of Continuous vs 1-Year Fixed-Duration Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer CheckMte 53: Rndomized Results of Continuous vs -Yer Fixed-Durtion Nivolumb in Ptients With Advnced Non-Smll Cell Lung Cncer Abstrct 297O Spigel DR, McCleod M, Hussein MA, Wterhouse DM, Einhorn L, Horn

More information

Background Pears (Pyrus L.) are one of the leading cultivated fruit trees in China following apples and oranges in planting area and fruit yield.

Background Pears (Pyrus L.) are one of the leading cultivated fruit trees in China following apples and oranges in planting area and fruit yield. Nnjing Agriculturl University Potssium enhnces the sugr ssimiltion in leves nd fruit y regulting the expression of key genes involved in sugr metolism of Asin pers Cixi Dong, Chngwei Shen, Yngchun Xu College

More information

Martinez-Rubio et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:462

Martinez-Rubio et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:462 Mrtinez-Rubio et l. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:462 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Effects of functionl feeds on the lipid composition, trnscriptomic responses nd pthology in hert of Atlntic slmon (Slmo slr L.)

More information

Effect of Field Pea Replacement and Yucca schidigera extract on weaning transition growth and feedlot performance

Effect of Field Pea Replacement and Yucca schidigera extract on weaning transition growth and feedlot performance Effect of Field Pe Replcement nd Yucc schidiger extrct on wening trnsition growth nd feedlot performnce D.G. Lndblom 1 nd J. Pennington 2 1 Dickinson Reserch Extension Center, Dickinson, ND 2 Dickinson

More information

Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (2): 37-42, 2015 ISSN: , E-ISSN: ,

Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (2): 37-42, 2015 ISSN: , E-ISSN: , Journl of Applied Biologicl Sciences 9 (2): 37-42, 15 ISSN: 17-11, E-ISSN: 2146-8, www.noel.gen.tr The Effects of Blnced Diets with Soy Ben Extrct or Met nd Bone mel on Muscle nd Liver Tissue Protein nd

More information

Metabolic Syndrome and Health-related Quality of Life in Obese Individuals Seeking Weight Reduction

Metabolic Syndrome and Health-related Quality of Life in Obese Individuals Seeking Weight Reduction Metbolic Syndrome nd Helth-relted Qulity of Life in Obese Individuls Seeking Weight Reduction Adm Gilden Tsi 1, Thoms A. Wdden 1, Dvid B. Srwer 1, Robert I. Berkowitz 1, Leslie G. Womble 1, Louise A. Hesson

More information

Hematology TOONYA TURNER. IDEXX Services: Senior Profile with Heartworm -Standard CBC. RBC M/µL. Hematocrit

Hematology TOONYA TURNER. IDEXX Services: Senior Profile with Heartworm -Standard CBC. RBC M/µL. Hematocrit TOONYA TURNER PET OWNER: TURNER SPECIES: Cnine BREED: GENDER: Femle AGE: 1 Yers PATIENT ID: 17047 Fmily Pet Helth Cre 3623 Indin Hills Rod Dectur, Albm 35603 256-341-0200 ACCOUNT #: 87040 ATTENDING VET:

More information

Changes in gametogenesis and fecundity of acroporid corals that were exposed to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus during the ENCORE experiment

Changes in gametogenesis and fecundity of acroporid corals that were exposed to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus during the ENCORE experiment L Journl of Experimentl Mrine Biology nd Ecology 246 (2000) 179 221 www.elsevier.nl/ locte/ jembe Chnges in gmetogenesis nd fecundity of croporid corls tht were exposed to elevted nitrogen nd phosphorus

More information

PROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION

PROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION PROVEN ANTICOCCIDIAL IN NEW FORMULATION Coxidin 100 microgrnulte A coccidiosttic dditive for roilers, chickens rered for lying nd turkeys Contins 100 g of monensin sodium per kg Aville s homogenous grnules

More information

Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities

Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities Aquculture Reserch, 214, 1 9 doi:1.1111/re.12485 Effectiveness of eugenol sedtion to reduce the metolic rtes of cool nd wrm wter fish t high loding densities Aron R Cupp 1,2, Christopher F Hrtle 2, Kim

More information

Geographical influence on digit ratio (2D:4D): a case study of Andoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delta, Nigeria.

Geographical influence on digit ratio (2D:4D): a case study of Andoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delta, Nigeria. Journl of Applied Biosciences 27: 1736-1741 ISSN 1997 5902 Geogrphicl influence on digit rtio (2D:4D): cse study of Andoni nd Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delt, Nigeri. Gwunirem, Isrel U 1 nd Ihemelndu,

More information

Protein Quality Dynamics During. Grass-Legume Forage

Protein Quality Dynamics During. Grass-Legume Forage Protein Qulity Dynmics During Wilting nd Preservtion of Grss-Legume Forge Eliset Ndeu 1, Wolfrm Richrdt 2, Michel Murphy 3 nd Horst Auerch 4 1 Swedish University of Agriculturl Sciences, Skr, Sweden 2

More information

Blood parameters of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fingerlings affected by dietary L-ascorbyl-2- polyphosphate

Blood parameters of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fingerlings affected by dietary L-ascorbyl-2- polyphosphate Irnin Journl of Fisheries Sciences 15(3) 1167-1186 2016 Blood prmeters of Cspin rown trout (Slmo trutt cspius) fingerlings ffected y dietry L-scoryl-2- polyphosphte Downloded from jifro.ir t 17:07 +0430

More information

Effects of three different sources of pituitary extract on gonadal inducer in male and female pacu (Piaractus (

Effects of three different sources of pituitary extract on gonadal inducer in male and female pacu (Piaractus ( Effects of three different sources of pituitry extrct on gondl inducer in mle nd femle pcu (Pirctus ( mesopotmicus) Dnilo Pedro Streit Júnior 1, Gentil Vnini de Mores 1 *, Ricrdo Pereir Ribeiro 1, Edurdo

More information

SESSIONE I: RELATORI. Ghrelin: from oroxigenic signal to metabolic master regulator?

SESSIONE I: RELATORI. Ghrelin: from oroxigenic signal to metabolic master regulator? SESSIONE I: RELATORI Ghrelin: from oroxigenic signl to metbolic mster regultor? Prof. Rocco Brzzoni Professore ssocito di Medicin Intern Università degli Studi di Trieste Ghrelin: d segnle oressizznte

More information

Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training on Load- Bearing Performance and the Army Physical Fitness Test

Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training on Load- Bearing Performance and the Army Physical Fitness Test MILITARY MEDICINE, 169, 12:994, 2004 Effects of Concurrent Resistnce nd Aerobic Trining on Lod- Bering Performnce nd the Army Physicl Fitness Test Gurntor: Willim J. Kremer, PhD Contributors: Willim J.

More information

Dr. Javier Polo Vice President Research & Development

Dr. Javier Polo Vice President Research & Development Efecto de l suplementción con concentrdo de inmunoglobulins prtir del suero bovino en l Microbiot y su contribución l slud intestinl y l sistem nervioso centrl Dr. Jvier Polo Vice President Reserch & Development

More information

A comparative study on the extraction of membranebound bilirubin from erythrocyte membranes using various methods

A comparative study on the extraction of membranebound bilirubin from erythrocyte membranes using various methods J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 39 (1999) 39 45 A comprtive study on the extrction of membrnebound bilirubin from erythrocyte membrnes using vrious methods * Sd Tyyb, Mohmmd Kutub Ali Interdisciplinry Biotechnology

More information

Hormonal networks involved in phosphate deficiencyinduced cluster root formation of Lupinus albus L.

Hormonal networks involved in phosphate deficiencyinduced cluster root formation of Lupinus albus L. Institute of Crop Science (34h) Hormonl networks involved in phosphte deficiencyinduced cluster root formtion of Lupinus lus L. For PSP5 in Montpellier, 214 Zhengrui Wng, A.B.M. Moshiur Rhmn, Guoying Wng,

More information

Aquaculture protein levels

Aquaculture protein levels Ž. Aquculture 189 2000 287 292 www.elsevier.nlrlocterqu-online Whole-ody mino cid pttern of F4 humn growth hormone gene-trnsgenic red common crp ž Cyprinus crpio/ fed diets with different protein levels

More information

Accepted 5 March 2007

Accepted 5 March 2007 1935 The Journl of Experimentl Biology 21, 1935-1943 Pulished y The Compny of Biologists 27 doi:1.1242/je.5371 Responses to hypoxi nd recovery: repyment of oxygen det is not ssocited with compenstory protein

More information

Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Diabetes Patients in an Ambulatory Setting

Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Diabetes Patients in an Ambulatory Setting Impct of Phrmcist Intervention on Dibetes Ptients in n Ambultory Setting Julie Stding, PhrmD, CDE, Jmie Herrmnn, PhrmD, Ryn Wlters, MS, Chris Destche, PhrmD, nd Aln Chock, PhrmD Dibetes is the seventh-leding

More information

ARTICLE. E. Pavlova 1, N. Atanassova 1, C. McKinnell 2, R.M. Sharpe 2 1 Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum,

ARTICLE. E. Pavlova 1, N. Atanassova 1, C. McKinnell 2, R.M. Sharpe 2 1 Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, DOI:.554/5YRTIMB..3 OPPOSITE MODELS OF EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR (AR) AND RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-α (RAR-α) IN THE ONSET OF MALE GERM CELL DEVELOPMENT IN HORMONALLY MANIPULATED RATS E. Pvlov, N. Atnssov,

More information

Health Coaching: A Preliminary Report on the Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury/Polytrauma Patients

Health Coaching: A Preliminary Report on the Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury/Polytrauma Patients ORIGINAL RESEARCH Helth Coching: A Preliminry Report on the Effects in Trumtic Brin Injury/Polytrum Ptients Esmerld Mdrigl, MSW; Mx Gry, BA; Molly A. Timmermn, DO; Ttin Orozco, PhD; Dine Cowper Ripley,

More information

Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence

Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence Clinicin Summry Mentl Helth Eting Disorders Mngement nd Outcomes of Binge-Eting Disorder in Adults: Current Stte of the Evidence Focus of This Summry This is summry of systemtic review evluting the evidence

More information

Estimating the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on mortality in the elderly in Navarre, Spain

Estimating the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on mortality in the elderly in Navarre, Spain Rpid communictions Estimting the impct of the influenz pndemic on mortlity in the elderly in Nvrre, Spin J Cstill (jcstilc@nvrr.es) 1, J Etxeberri 1, E Ardnz 1, Y Floristán 1, R López Escudero 1, M Guevr

More information

Effect of linear and random non-linear programming on environmental pollution caused by broiler production

Effect of linear and random non-linear programming on environmental pollution caused by broiler production Journl of Novel Applied Sciences Aville online t www.jnsci.org 24 JNAS Journl-24-3-/43-434 ISSN 2322-549 24 JNAS Effect of liner nd rndom non-liner progrmming on environmentl pollution cused y roiler production

More information

The effect of encapsulated butyric acid and zinc on performance, gut integrity and meat quality in male broiler chickens 1

The effect of encapsulated butyric acid and zinc on performance, gut integrity and meat quality in male broiler chickens 1 The effect of encpsulted utyric cid nd zinc on performnce, gut integrity nd met qulity in mle roiler chickens 1 Astrct This study evluted the impct of encpsulted utyric cid nd zinc (ButiPEARL Z) on performnce

More information

Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Sarilumab and Intravenous Tocilizumab in Patients With RA

Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Sarilumab and Intravenous Tocilizumab in Patients With RA Sfety nd Tolerbility of Subcutneous Srilumb nd Intrvenous Tocilizumb in Ptients With RA Pul Emery, 1 Jun Rondon, 2 Anju Grg, 3 Hubert vn Hoogstrten, 3 Neil M.H. Grhm, 4 Ming Liu, 4 Nncy Liu, 3 Jnie Prrino,

More information

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids Aqu-BioScience Monogrphs, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 103 143 (2012) www.terrpu.co.jp/onlinemonogrphs/sm/ Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Slmonids nd Osmerids Shiny Mizuno Slmon nd Freshwter

More information

Alex M. Zimmer C. Michele Nawata Chris M. Wood. than Na? influx itself, is critical to the facilitation of ammonia excretion.

Alex M. Zimmer C. Michele Nawata Chris M. Wood. than Na? influx itself, is critical to the facilitation of ammonia excretion. DOI 10.1007/s00360-010-0488-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Physiologicl nd moleculr nlysis of the interctive effects of feeding nd high environmentl mmoni on rnchil mmoni excretion nd N + uptke in freshwter rinow trout

More information

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Dry Root Powder on Lactation of Albino Rats

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Carica papaya Dry Root Powder on Lactation of Albino Rats Effect of Aqueous Extrct of Cric ppy Dry Root Powder on Lcttion of Alino Rts G. Tosswnchuntr nd S. Aritjt Deprtment of Biology Fculty of Science Ching Mi University Ching Mi 50200 Thilnd Keywords: mmmry

More information

Check your understanding 3

Check your understanding 3 1 Wht is the difference etween pssive trnsport nd ctive trnsport? Pssive trnsport is the movement of prticles not requiring energy. Movement of prticles in ctive trnsport uses energy. 2 A gs tp in the

More information

Effects of Intraruminal Saliva Flow on Feed Intake in Goats Fed on Alfalfa Hay Cubes

Effects of Intraruminal Saliva Flow on Feed Intake in Goats Fed on Alfalfa Hay Cubes 1738 Effects of Intrruminl Sliv Flow on Feed Intke in Gots Fed on Alflf Hy Cues Ktsunori Sungw*, Yoshifumi Nktsu, Yoriko Nishikuo, Tkeshi Ooshiro, Kout Nitou nd Itsuki Ngmine Fculty of Agriculture, University

More information

Effect on Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control according to Education Types

Effect on Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control according to Education Types Originl Article http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.580 pissn 2233-6079 eissn 2233-6087 D I A B E T E S & M E T A B O L I S M J O U R N A L Effect on Glycemic, Blood Pressure, nd Lipid Control ccording

More information

Paper-based skin patch for the diagnostic screening of cystic fibrosis

Paper-based skin patch for the diagnostic screening of cystic fibrosis Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for ChemComm. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementry informtion Pper-bsed skin ptch for the dignostic screening of cystic fibrosis Xun Mu,*

More information