THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 1 (A)

Transcription

1 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 1 (A) Directions: Choose the correct answer or answers from the list below. Write your answers in the space provided. Not all options from the list will be used. 1. What are hormones? 2. How do hormones move throughout the body? 3. Name the eight glands of the endocrine system. 4. What is the negative-feedback mechanism of the body? 5. Why is the hypothalamus considered the control center of the endocrine system? Options: hypothalamus exocrine thyroid endocrine thymus pancreas gonads insulin adrenaline parathyroids adrenal flight-or-fight nervous system islets of Langerhans pituitary chemical messengers produced in the endocrine glands causes an increase in heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure regulates activities of other endocrine glands released to the circulatory system which carries them through the body endocrine system's method for regulating itself

2 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 1 (B) The Location of the Endocrine Glands Directions: Place the words from the box at the bottom of the page next to the appropriate lines on the diagram. Pancreas Hypothalamus Pituitary Parathyroid Ovaries Adrenal Thyroid Thymus Testes

3 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 2 (A) Vocabulary Directions: Write a definition for each of the terms listed below. 1. endocrine system 2. steroid hormones 3. islets of Langerhans 4. norepinephrine 5. diabetes

4 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 2 (B) Matching Directions: Match the functions described in column B with the endocrine gland listed in column A.

5 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 3 Short Answer Directions: Use the space provided to answer the following questions. 1. What are some of the effects of adrenaline? 2. How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together? 3. What is meant by the "flight or fight" response? 4. Two of the hormones secreted by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon. These hormones work together to maintain a balanced blood sugar level. How do they do that? 5. Why must some people take insulin as a medication on a regular basis?

6 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 4 (A) Article Analysis Directions: Read the following article and answer the following multiple choice questions. Corticosteroids: a miracle drug that must be handled with care; The miracle, and risk, of extended steroid use JANE E BRODY, International Herald Tribune As with any strong remedy, corticosteroids come with a downside: side effects that can sometimes be as serious as the ailments they are intended to treat. Steroids -- corticosteroids, that is, synthetic versions of the natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands -- are indeed miracle drugs, capable of restoring the health and saving the lives of countless people with a wide spectrum of serious ailments. Prednisone may be the best known, but there are scores of others, some tailor-made to counter specific ailments. By suppressing the immune response and inflammation, steroids can keep a host of autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions from ravaging the body. They are the cornerstone of treatment for ailments like rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, temporal arthritis, psoriasis and even cases of poison ivy. But as with any strong remedy, corticosteroids come with a downside: side effects that can sometimes be as serious as the ailments they are intended to treat. Last week I told about a friend with severe asthma who developed a rare complication that forced him to stop using the steroids that for decades had helped him breathe. He was losing his vision to steroid-caused macular degeneration. He found an alternative non-drug therapy, the Buteyko breathing method,that seems to have kept him well and steroid-free for many months. But most people who depend on steroids are not so fortunate. For them, using the drugs year in and year out is a balancing act between benefit and risk. Knowing what those risks are and how they can be minimized can help people who depend on steroids to be alert to early warning signs of trouble and to take measures to counteract it. The likelihood of serious side effects depends on how long steroids are used, how they are taken, what type of corticosteroid is prescribed and how high the dose must be to keep the ailment under control. They tend to cause fewer complications when applied to the skin, or when inhaled for days or weeks for an allergic reaction or asthma. Injected steroids or oral doses taken for months or years -- to treat rheumatoid arthritis, for example -- are far more likely to cause serious side effects, as are injected steroids. So an over-the-counter steroid like hydrocortisone, applied to small areas of skin to relieve poison ivy or eczema, is unlikely to have any untoward effects.

7 Station 4 (B) But when injected repeatedly into a muscle or joint, corticosteroids can cause weakening and degenerative changes that limit their usefulness in treating chronic athletic or overuse injuries. In most people, chronic use of inhaled steroids, considered medically essential to control most cases of asthma, has few if any adverse effects. Children may experience retarded growth, but studies have shown that they eventually catch up and achieve a normal height. When corticosteroids are taken orally for less than three months, they are associated with temporary side effects like depression, an increased appetite, insomnia, mood swings and weight gain (partly from water retention). Steroids taken orally for more than three months can have more profound and sometimes irreversible effects. Serious side effects are more likely when steroids are taken in high doses for a year or longer. In addition to weight gain, side effects may include high blood pressure, deteriorating bones that can result in osteoporosis, diabetes, thinning of the skin, muscle weakness, moon face (caused by increased fat deposits, which may also occur in the stomach, chest and upper back), cataracts, glaucoma, ulcers, easy bruising, increased sweating, acne, arterial deposits that can lead to heart disease and, because of their effect on immunity, delayed healing of wounds and an increased risk of infection that can persist for a year or more after the medication is stopped. Excess weight resulting from steroid use is normally lost within six months to a year after the drug is stopped and appetite returns to normal. When prescribed a corticosteroid, the most important thing is to follow dosing instructions to the letter. Use no more than is needed, and never abruptly stop steroids. The drugs suppress the function of your adrenal glands, which need time to recover. When the condition under treatment abates, gradually reduce the steroid dosage as instructed by your doctor. Keep all immunizations up to date. Make sure to get a flu shot every year and, if on prolonged steroids, consider getting the pneumonia vaccine as well. To minimize damage to the digestive tract, take the medication after meals or with an antacid. Let your doctor know if you develop heartburn or black, tarry stools. To counter steroid-induced insomnia, take the drug early in the day. If you smoke, quit; and limit alcohol to a drink a day, if that. If you notice any vision problems while taking steroids, see an ophthalmologist without delay. The condition may be temporary, or it could be sight-threatening, as happened to my asthmatic friend. Copyright International Herald Tribune Nov 12, 2009

8 Station 4 (C) QUESTIONS: 1. Where are natural corticosteroids produced? A. thymus B. adrenal glands C. pituitary D. pons 2. What is the best known corticosteroid? A. prednisone B. colitis C. testosterone D. aspirin 3. In general, corticosteroids work by: A. elevating the blood pressure B. reducing swelling C. improving circulation D. suppressing the immune system 4. Corticosteroids are used to treat what ailment(s)? A. asthma B. arthritis C. psoriasis D. all of these 5. Long term use of a steroid inhaler by children can cause what side effect? A. delayed sexual development B. mood swings C. slowed growth D. weight gain 6. More serious side effects occur when steroids are: A. taken for long periods B. taken by children C. injected D. prescribed by doctors 7. Why is it necessary to slowly stop the use of steroids, rather than abruptly stop usage? A. the heart could suffer damage B. the adrenal glands need time to start producing natural hormones C. seizures can occur from withdrawal 8. What is the theme of this article? A. Steroids can help treat illnesses, but there are also risks B. Steroids should only be taken with a doctor s supervision C. Steroids are dangerous and should not be legal

9 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Station 5 Feedback Diagram of Blood Sugar Levels Directions: Use the steps provided to create a flow=chart diagram for maintaining blood sugar levels. Diagram:

10 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Station 6 Wordsearch S Q N X O W N J O C F M G C M E R D P I P X Q I O Z E T I A S N P I I G L A Y R L L Z J W L I I K A G O O A T T A U F X S C D R I B R U R I N T O G S U N I I C D E C A S E O E B C M N B T O O N T J O T N T N R A I D I O R D E E L P I H E S L D N N C N Y N Y S J N I G Y A O V A K U I H E N E F C O N H R U C B W J N T H X S C R P T E R O G I B K I O I U F T C O Y R A T I U T I P P W E S M P I F H A L O D I R P Y J E U Y G L U C A G O N X J O H X X H T E S T O S T E R O N E C U S A E R C N A P M E D U L L A H 1. Gland in the brain that is the control center for all regulatory activities of the body: 2. Condition in which levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very low: 3. Master gland, makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands 4. Hormone that reproductive glands produce for females: 5. Two hormones produces by the pancreas: & 6. Gland produces hormones that control the rate at which cells produce energy 7. 4 tiny glands that function together that release hormones that regulates calcium levels: 8. Adrenal cortex produces this hormone: 9. The inner part of the Adrenal gland: 10 Hormone that reproductive glands produce for males: 11. Causes milk production in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth: 12. Increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress: 13. Helps regulate calcium in the bones: 14. Adrenal glands are located above this major organ: 15. Disease caused by a failure of the body to produce insulin: 16. Produced in the adrenal cortex, keeps blood glucose levels stable: 17. Contains cells called the Islets of Langerhans: 18. Collection of glands that secret chemicals that maintain homeostasis: system

11 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Station 7 Diagnosis