GOOD MORNING. Welcome Applicants! Friday, October 31, (Happy Halloween!)
|
|
- Raymond Wright
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GOOD MORNING Welcome Applicants! Friday, October 31, 2014 (Happy Halloween!)
2 PREP QUESTION A 14-year-old girl has had 3 days of new, unremitting headache associated with vomiting and awakening from sleep and 1 day of double vision. Physical examination reveals normal visual acuity in each eye, normal pupillary responses in each eye, subjective diplopia when looking to the left, and incomplete abduction of the left eye. Fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral papilledema. Noncontrast head CT scan yields normal results. Of the following, the MOST likely diagonsis is: A. Brain tumor in the posterior fossa B. Communicating hydrocephalus C. Complicated migraine D. Optic neuritis E. Pseudotumor cerebri
3
4
5
6 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Allergies Protein deficiency Dietary (ie Kwashikor) Protein-losing enteropathy Liver failure Nephrotic Syndrome Angioedema Congestive heart failure Venous obstruction Sickle cell related swelling Renal failure Medications (CCB s) Lymphatic disturbance Capillary leak syndromes Sepsis Burns Glomerulonephritis Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Know the differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with and without hematuria.
7 NEPHROTIC SYNDROME What s the Triad? 1. Hypoalbuminemia 2. Edema 3. Hyperlipidemia
8 EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence: 2.7/100,000 children per year Prevalence: 16/100,000 children per year 2:1 males to females (in childhood) Peak age of onset: 2-3 years of age (75% of patients are <10 years old) Familial component African American and Hispanic children at increased risk of developing nephrotic syndrome and having a more severe form with a poorer prognosis
9 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The most common presenting sign:. edema 1/3 with microscopic hematuria Other common complaints: headache, dysphnea, anorexia, irritability, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea. Know the presenting signs and symptoms of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome.
10 NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Primary Causes Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Membranous Nephropathy Secondary Causes Infections: Hepatitis B and C, HIV, Malaria, Toxoplasmosis, Syphillis, PIGN Drugs: Gold, NSAID s, Pamidronate, Interferon, Heroin, Lithium Malignancies: Leukemia, Lymphoma Miscellaneous: SLE, MPGN, Ig A nephropathy, DM, Sickle cell disease
11 GLOMERULUS
12 ANATOMY Integrity of glomerular filtration barrier is compromised Fenestrated endothelium Glomerular basement membrane Visceral glomerular epithelium (podocytes and slit diaphragms)
13 PRIMARY (IDIOPATHIC) NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) Focal segmental glomeruloscerlosis (FSGS) Membranous nephropathy (MN)
14 MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE
15 FOCAL SEGEMENTAL GLOMERULOSCERLOSIS
16 MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
17 OTHER ETIOLOGIES (10%) Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis Lupus nephritis Immunoglobulin A nephropathy Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to Hepatitis C HIV nephropathy
18 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Allergies Protein deficiency Dietary (ie Kwashikor) Protein-losing enteropathy Liver failure Nephrotic Syndrome Angioedema Congestive heart failure Glomerulonephritis Venous obstruction Sickle cell related swelling Renal failure Medications (CCB s) Lymphatic disturbance Capillary leak syndromes Sepsis Burns Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Know that nephrotic syndrome in association with Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a poor prognostic sign
19 PREP QUESTION 1 A 14-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 2-week history of bilateral leg edema and a 3-day history of abdominal swelling. His vital signs are: temperature 98.4 F, BP 125/67, HR 84 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min. Physical examination shows moderate ascites and 2+ leg edema. His urinalysis reveals negative blood and 4+ protein. Serum complement concentrations are ordered and found to be normal. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of his edema and proteinuria is A. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy B. Lupus nephritis C. Membranous nephropathy D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis E. Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis
20 NEPHROTIC SYNDROME- LABORATORY STUDIES Proteinuria Low plasma protein concentration (often albumin less than 2.5 g/dl) High levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins Hyponatremia Low plasma calcium (normal ionized calcium) +/- Microscopic hematuria Understand the etiology of hyponatremia in nephrotic syndrome. C3 Normal MCNS Low post-infectious glomerulonephritis; HSP Recognize the laboratory findings in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome Recognize that the prognostic significance of a decreased serum C3 concentration in a patient with nephrotic syndrome is an indication of a diagnosis other than minimal change disease.
21 PREP QUESTION 2 A 4-year-old boy is seen in the emergency department because of recurrent facial swelling. The mother reports that the boy has been evaluated by her pediatrician on several occasions with a similar complaint. Each time, the boy was treated with 3 to 5- day courses of an antihistamine or oral steroid. The mother maintains full adherence with these treatment recommendations. Physical examination shows a healthy-appearing boy who has normal growth parameters. He is afebrile with a RR 18 breaths/min, HR of 84 beats/min, and a BP 90/60 mm Hg. The only finding of significance is facial puffiness and periorbital edema. Of the following, the MOST appropriate next step is to A. Obtain C1 esterase concentration B. Obtain a specimen for urinalysis C. Prescribe a 5-day course of diphenhydramine and prednisone D. Reassure the mother and discharge the patient home E. Refer the patient for an allergy evaluation
22 EVALUATION 1 st confirm diagnosis! 2 nd rule out secondary causes Thorough history and physical examination! Is there Severe proteinuria? Hypoalbuminemia? Edema? Does the patient have Normal blood pressure? Normal renal function? Hematuria? Microscopic or Gross? Labs Complement C3 and C4 values Anti-nuclear antibody Anti-double-stranded DNA Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis C antibody HIV antibody CBC with differential PPD
23 URINE DIPSTICK Protein: 1+ = 30 mg/dl 2+ = 100 mg/dl 3+ = 300 mg/dl 4+ = 1,000 mg/dl Then quantitative measurement: U protein/creatinine : 6 months-2 years of age:. <0.5 >2 years of age:. <0.2 >3 = nephrotic syndrome 12 or 24-hour urine collection: Nephrotic range: 50 mg/kg/day or 40 mg/m2/hr False positives (alkaline urine, concentration dependent, or contamination)
24 PREP QUESTION 3 A mother brings in her 4-year-old son because his eyelids are swollen. On physical examination, the boy has normal growth parameters, normal blood pressure, bilateral periorbital edema, and pitting pretibial edema. Laboratory findings include normal electrolyte concentrations, BUN 14 mg/dl, creatinine of 0.3 mg/dl, albumin 1.9 g/dl, and normal C3 and C4 complement values. Urinalysis reveals a specific gravity of 1.030, ph of 6.5, 4+ protein, and 1+ blood, and microscopy demonstrates 5-10 RBC/hpf. ANA test results are negative, and serologic tests are negative for hepatitis B surface antigen, negative for hepatitis C, and nonreactive for HIV. A ppd is nonreactive after 48 hours. Of the following, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient is: A. Diphendyramine B. Furosemide C. Low-sodium diet D. Prednisone E. Protein-rich diet
25 TREATMENT Plan the initial treatment for a child with an initial episode of nephrotic syndrome. Understand the appropriate initial management of a nephrotic patient. Recognize the indications for alkalating agents in corticosteroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome
26 MANAGEMENT The Steroid-dependent Kidney Children's disease: Disease: Nephrotic Prednisone Improving Syndrome remains Global the Consensus Outcomes preferred : Conference: therapy Initial +/- therapy: levamisole, therapy: Prednisone cyclophosphamide, Prednisone 2 2 mg/kg/day mycophenolate mg/kg/day or x 60 6 mg/mmofetil, weeks, 2 x then 4-6 and weeks, calcineurin alternate-day then alternate-day inhibitors prednisone (ie, cyclosporine 1.5 mg/kg or tacrolimus) or 40 mg/m prednisone 1.5 mg/kg x 6 weeks 2 x 2-5 months Steroid-resistant First relapse/infrequent disease: Therapy relapse: is based Prednisone upon the 2 mg/kg/day histologic or findings 60 mg/m found 2 on renal First until biopsy. the relapse/infrequent urine Treatment protein tests may relapse: are include: negative Prednisone ACE-I or trace or y ARB s for 2 mg/kg/day 3 consecutive and supportive until days, the care focused urine then on alternate-day protein managing tests the prednisone are complications negative 1.5 or mg/kg trace of nephrotic for 403 mg/m consecutive syndrome. 2 x 4 weeks. days, then alternate-day Frequent relapses: prednisone Prednisone 1.5 therapy mg/kg x 2 4 mg/kg weeks. per day or 60 mg/m 2 Frequent until the urine relapses: protein Prednisone tests are negative therapy or 2 trace mg/kg for per 3 consecutive day until the days, urine then lowest necessary alternate-day prednisone x at least 3 months protein tests are negative or trace for 3 consecutive days, then +/- oral cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, chlorambucil, levamisole, alternate-day and mycophenolate prednisone mofetil 1.5 mg/kg x 4 weeks, which is then tapered over 2 +/- months Rituximab by 0.5 mg/kg every other day. +/- oral cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil
27 MANAGEMENT Ancillary support: Diuretics Blood pressure control Salt-poor albumin infusions Anti-angiotensin ACE inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers +/- Statins Low-sodium, low-fat diet Vaccinations
28 MANAGEMENT Indications for renal biopsy at time of diagnosis include: Macroscopic or persistent hematuria Severe hypertension Persistent renal insufficiency Low serum C3 complement values Age >10 years old Indications for renal biopsy subsequent to treatment: Persistent proteinuria despite 4 weeks of daily prednisone
29 PREP QUESTION 4 A 4-year-old boy presents with peri-orbital edema. He is receiving no medications, and his family history is negative for renal disease. On physical examination, he is afebrile; his HR is 88 beats/min, RR 18 breaths/min, BP 106/62 mm Hg. He has periorbital edema and pitting pretibial edema. Laboratory evaluation shows normal electrolyte values, BUN of 14 mg/dl, creatinine of 0.3 mg/dl, and albumin of 1.6 g/dl. Urinalysis demonstrates a specific gravity of 1.020; ph of 6.5, 3+ protein, and negative blood, leukocyte esterase, and nitrite. Microscopy results are normal. Additionally, complement component (C3 and C4) values are normal, and results of serologic testing for ANA, hepatitis B and C, and HIV are negative. Of the following, you are MOST likely to advise the parents that A. A renal biopsy is warranted to determine the optimal treatment B. Disease relapse can be expected in fewer than 25% of those achieving remission C. Patients who relapse have a similar prognosis as those who do not respond to steroids D. Remission is expected in more than 75% of patients who receive corticosteroid treatment E. Tacrolimus is the preferred treatment for patients who do not respond to corticosteroids
30 PREP QUESTION 5 A 14-year-old girl presents with peri-orbital swelling for the past week this is worsening. She had upper respiratory tract symptoms approximately 10 days ago. She denies itching at her eyes. Otherwise, she has been well. On physical examination, she is afebrile with a pulse rate of 76 beats/min, a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/,min, and blood pressure of 136/86 mm Hg. Her examination is remarkable for bilateral periorbital edema with normal conjunctivae. She also has pitting edema from her pretibial region to the level of her knees. You suspect that the patient may have nephrotic syndrome. The following are results of her urinalysis: Specific gravity 1.025, ph 7, 3+ protein, 1+ blood. Of the following, the laboratory finding that is MOST likely to indicate a poor renal prognosis for this girl is A. Serum albumin of 1.4 g/dl B. Serum complement component 3 (C3) of 40 C. Serum creatinine of 0.7 mg/dl D. Urine microscopy of RBC/hpf E. Urine protein to creatinine ratio of 14 C3 Normal Range
31 COMPLICATIONS Acute Renal Failure Pulmonary edema Infection Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hypercoaguability Thrombotic events Steroid effects Recognize the complications of nephrotic syndrome (eg, peritonitis, thromboses) Recognize peritonitis as a major complication of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome
32 COURSE/PROGNOSIS Know The the best factors prognostic (i.e. indicator in hypertension) children who have that nephrotic predict syndrome the prognosis is:. steroid of responsiveness nephrotic syndrome. Recognize that response to therapy is one 95% of of the children best indicators who eventually of the prognosis respond to in steroids nephrotic do so syndrome within the Understand first 4 (four) that minimal-change weeks of treatment. nephrotic syndrome is a relapsing disease 60% respond to steroids initially but relapse.
33 STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ~10% of children with nephrotic syndrome Poor prognosis Alkylating agents often necessary Renal biopsy indicated Most often dx: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
34 OUR KIDDO.
35 CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Proteinuria present at birth (or up to 3 months of age) Often massive proteinuria during fetal life metabolic disturbances (lipid abnormalities, thyroid abnormalities, atherosclerotic changes) Edema and abdominal distention develop soon after birth Diagnosis: increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid + normal fetal ultrasound Histology: slight-to-moderate mesangial proliferation, effacement of foot processes, thin GBM Course: Eventually become sclerotic with disappearance of slit diaphragms Finnish type Autosomal recessive disease NPHS1/2 code for nephrin mutated Recognize the presentation and intrauterine diagnosis of congenital nephrotic syndrome
36 CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Treatment: Good nutritional support Control edema (often requires unilateral or bilateral nephrectomy) Often require peritoneal dialysis Prevent complications (ie infections, thrombosis) Eventually require renal transplantation Recognize the improved outcome of children with congenital nephrotic syndrome through early intervention and renal transplantation
37 SUMMARY Most with nephrotic syndrome have MCNS and respond to steroid therapy. Steroid-responsiveness is the best prognostic indicator. Renal biopsy can be deferred and prednisone started empirically if high suspicion for MCNS. 60% of children with MCNS will relapse. Most children with nephrotic syndrome and fail steroid therapy will have FSGS with a poor prognosis
38 HAVE A GREAT DAY!! Noon conference: Personal Perspective on Evaluation of UTI Visiting professor, Dr. Douglas Canning
Types Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations D.Dx. Investigations. Treatment. Complications.
Types Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations D.Dx. Investigations. Treatment. Complications. Nephrotic syndrome affects 1-3 per 100,000 children
More informationNephrotic Syndrome. Sara Alsharhan PharmD candidate, KSU 2014
Nephrotic Syndrome Sara Alsharhan PharmD candidate, KSU 2014 Outline Introduction Nephrotic syndrome classifications Signs and symptoms Diagnoses Management Complications Monitoring Case presentation Introduction
More informationNephrotic syndrome Dr.Basma Adel FIFTH GRADE
Nephrotic syndrome Dr.Basma Adel FIFTH GRADE 2017-2018 At the end of this lecture you should know: Types Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations D.Dx. Investigations. Treatment. Complications. 12/3/2017
More informationPaediatrics Dr. Bakr Lecture 3 Nephrotic Syndrome
P a g e 1 DEFINITION Paediatrics Dr. Bakr Lecture 3 Nephrotic Syndrome Definition: nephrotic syndrome is a disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria with hypoprpteinimia,hyper lipidemia and edema. It
More informationNephrotic Syndrome NS
Nephrotic Syndrome NS By : Dr. Iman.M. Mudawi Pediatric Nephrology Unit Gaafar Ibn Auf Hospital Definitions: In children NS is applied to any condition with a triad of: Heavy proteinuria (UACR ratio >200
More informationDisorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome.
Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Disturbances in urine volume oliguria, anuria, polyuria Abnormalities of urine sediment red
More informationProteinuria Nephrotic syndrome
Proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Pathophysiology & management Miriam Davidovits, MD Institute of Nephrology Schneider Children s Medical Center of Israel 1 Abnormal excretion of protein into the urine is
More informationProteinuria Nephrotic syndrome
Proteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Pathophysiology & management Miriam Davidovits, MD Institute of Nephrology Schneider Children s Medical Center of Israel 1 Abnormal excretion of protein into the urine is
More informationGlomerular Pathology- 1 Nephrotic Syndrome. Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin
Glomerular Pathology- 1 Nephrotic Syndrome Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin The Nephrotic Syndrome a clinical complex resulting from glomerular disease & includes the following: (1) massive proteinuria (3.5 gm /day
More informationNephrotic syndrome in children. Bashir Admani KPA Nephrology Precongress 24/4/2018
Nephrotic syndrome in children Bashir Admani KPA Nephrology Precongress 24/4/2018 What is Nephrotic syndrome?? Nephrotic syndrome is caused by renal diseases that increase the permeability across the glomerular
More informationTHE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS
THE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS JACK WATERMAN DO FACOI 2013 NEPHROLOGY SIR RICHARD BRIGHT TERMINOLOGY RENAL INSUFFICIENCY CKD (CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE) ESRD (ENDSTAGE RENAL DISEASE) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
More informationMr. I.K 58 years old
Mr. I.K 58 years old Hospitalized because of marked pitting peripheral edema (bilateral crural and perimalleolar edema) and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP 150/100 mmhg under treatment). since age 54 years
More informationFocal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and the Nephro6c Syndrome Dr. A. Gangji Dr. P. Marge>s. Part 1: Clinical
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and the Nephro6c Syndrome Dr. A. Gangji Dr. P. Marge>s Part 1: Clinical Pa#ent DM 18 year old McMaster student Back pain, severe fa#gue Oct 2006 Leg swelling to ER Nov
More information11/9/2015. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: The Clinical Pathway. Learning Objectives. Nephrotic Syndrome - Definition. Proteinuria.
Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: The Clinical Pathway Cherry Mammen, MD, FRCPC, MHSc Douglas G. Matsell, MDCM, FRCPC Division of Nephrology, BC Children s Hospital Grand Rounds Nov 13th, 2015 Learning Objectives
More informationNephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 1 of 18 Nephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome Terminology: Glomerulus: A network of blood capillaries contained within the cuplike end (Bowman s capsule) of a nephron. Glomerular filtration rate: The rate
More informationNephrotic syndrome minimal change disease vs. IgA nephropathy. Hadar Meringer Internal medicine B Sheba
Nephrotic syndrome minimal change disease vs. IgA nephropathy Hadar Meringer Internal medicine B Sheba The Case 29 year old man diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome 2 weeks ago and complaining now about Lt.flank
More informationNephrotic Syndrome. Department of pediatrics The first affiliated hospital Sun Yat Sen University. Yue Zhihui ( 岳智慧 )
Nephrotic Syndrome Department of pediatrics The first affiliated hospital Sun Yat Sen University Yue Zhihui ( 岳智慧 ) yuezhihui810@yahoo.com.cn Contents Definition Pathophysiology Clinical manifestation
More informationManagement of Nephrotic Syndrome
Management of Nephrotic Syndrome 1. Introduction Incidence 2-4/100,000. Boys > girls 3:2; age of onset 2-6 years 80% of cases in children is due to minimal change (MCD) of which 80% will respond to steroid
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationPrimary Nephrotic Syndrome. Mao Jianhua, Department of Nephrology, The Children s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Mao Jianhua, Department of Nephrology, The Children s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Introduction Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms including proteins
More informationDr P Sigwadi Paediatric Nephrology
Dr P Sigwadi Paediatric Nephrology Prevalence - 5-15 % on a single urine sample After a series of 4 tests only 0.1% of children had persistent positive proteinuria Persistent proteinuria indicates the
More informationOverview of glomerular diseases
Overview of glomerular diseases *Endothelial cells are fenestrated each fenestra: 70-100nm in diameter Contractile, capable of proliferation, makes ECM & releases mediators *Glomerular basement membrane
More informationProteinuria DR. SANJAY PANDEYA MD. FRCPC.
Proteinuria DR. SANJAY PANDEYA MD. FRCPC. Objectives Define normal and abnormal range(s) of proteinuria Evaluation of proteinuria Be aware of complications of proteinuria When to refer and when not to
More informationAN APPROACH TO HEMATURIA. Dr Saima Ali
AN APPROACH TO HEMATURIA Dr Saima Ali Definition Microscopic hematuria hematuria is defined as the presence of 5 or more RBCs per high-power field in 3 of 3 consecutive centrifuged specimens obtained at
More informationChildhood nephrotic syndrome practice guidelines
Childhood nephrotic syndrome practice guidelines Dr Shuman Haq Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist Southampton Children s Hospital Definitions Nephrotic syndrome Proteinuria Urine protein : creatinine >200
More informationDiabetes, Obesity and Heavy Proteinuria
Diabetes, Obesity and Heavy Proteinuria Clinical Case 41 yo Black woman with heavy proteinuria History 2014: noted to have proteinuria on routine lab testing (1.1g/g). 1+ edema. Blood pressure has been
More informationGlomerular pathology in systemic disease
Glomerular pathology in systemic disease Lecture outline Lupus nephritis Diabetic nephropathy Glomerulonephritis Associated with Bacterial Endocarditis and Other Systemic Infections Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
More informationElevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach
Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach Primary Care Update Creighton University School of Medicine. April 27 th, 2018 Disclosure Slide I have no disclosures and have no conflicts with this presentation.
More informationSTEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (SRNS)
MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR RARE DISEASES ALDO E CELE DACCO' Villa Camozzi - 24020 Ranica (Bergamo) Italy Telephone 39-35-4535304 fax 39-35-4535373 STEROID-RESISTANT
More informationRENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University
RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture each student should be able to: Define acute & chronic kidney disease(ckd)
More informationPediatric Nephrology Consult and Referral Guidelines
Pediatric Nephrology Consult and Referral Guidelines Introduction We see children and teens from birth to 21 years. The most common reasons patients are referred to pediatric nephrology services include:
More informationChapter 6: Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults Kidney International Supplements (2012) 2, ; doi: /kisup.2012.
http://www.kidney-international.org chapter 6 & 2012 KDIGO Chapter 6: Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults Kidney International Supplements (2012) 2, 181 185; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.19
More informationDr Ian Roberts Oxford. Oxford Pathology Course 2010 for FRCPath Illustration-Cellular Pathology. Oxford Radcliffe NHS Trust
Dr Ian Roberts Oxford Oxford Pathology Course 2010 for FRCPath Present the basic diagnostic features of the commonest conditions causing proteinuria & haematuria Highlight diagnostic pitfalls Nephrotic
More informationRECURRENT AND DE NOVO RENAL DISEASES IN THE ALLOGRAFT. J. H. Helderman,MD,FACP,FAST
RECURRENT AND DE NOVO RENAL DISEASES IN THE ALLOGRAFT J. H. Helderman,MD,FACP,FAST Vanderbilt University Medical Center Professor of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology Medical Director, Vanderbilt Transplant
More informationA clinical syndrome, composed mainly of:
Nephritic syndrome We will discuss: 1)Nephritic syndrome: -Acute postinfectious (poststreptococcal) GN -IgA nephropathy -Hereditary nephritis 2)Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) A clinical syndrome, composed
More informationFoamy Urine and Sickled Cells. Margaret Prat Huntwork, MD, MSEd Tulane / Ochsner Residency Program New Orleans, LA
Foamy Urine and Sickled Cells Margaret Prat Huntwork, MD, MSEd Tulane / Ochsner Residency Program New Orleans, LA Foamy Urine and Sickled Cells Margaret Prat Huntwork, MD, MSEd Tulane University Health
More informationH.Jalanko has documented that he has no relevant financial relationships to disclose or conflict of interest to resolve.
H.Jalanko has documented that he has no relevant financial relationships to disclose or conflict of interest to resolve. Management dilemmas in infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) Hannu Jalanko
More informationWhen is Limb Edema Not Heart Failure
When is Limb Edema Not Heart Failure An Approach to the Swollen Leg Greg Harding M.D. Vascular Surgeon Faculty/Presenter Disclosure Faculty: Greg Harding M.D. Relationships with commercial interests: None
More informationApproach to Glomerular Diseases: Clinical Presentation Nephrotic Syndrome Nephritis
GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES Vivette D Agati Jai Radhakrishnan Approach to Glomerular Diseases: Clinical Presentation Nephrotic Syndrome Nephritis Heavy Proteinuria Renal failure Low serum Albumin Hypertension
More informationChapter 4: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children Kidney International Supplements (2012) 2, ; doi: /kisup.2012.
http://www.kidney-international.org & 2012 KDIGO Chapter 4: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children Kidney International Supplements (2012) 2, 172 176; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.17 INTRODUCTION This
More informationClots and Foamy Urine: Thrombotic Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome. Prayus Tailor, MD October 5, 2013 Renal and Hypertension Symposium
Clots and Foamy Urine: Thrombotic Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome Prayus Tailor, MD October 5, 2013 Renal and Hypertension Symposium Objectives Discuss the pathophysiology of thrombosis in nephrotic
More informationPractice Patterns and Outcomes of ACTHar use in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 1 of 16 Practice Patterns and Outcomes of ACTHar use in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome MANUAL OF OPERATIONS VERSION 1.0 March 10, 2016 Page 2 of 16 STUDY PERSONNEL CONTACT INFORMATION Principal
More informationSteroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Sanjeev Gulati, Debashish Sengupta, Raj K. Sharma, Ajay Sharma, Ramesh K. Gupta*, Uttam Singh** and Amit Gupta
Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Sanjeev Gulati, Debashish Sengupta, Raj K. Sharma, Ajay Sharma, Ramesh K. Gupta*, Uttam Singh** and Amit Gupta From the Departments of Nephrology, Pathology* and Biostatistics**,
More informationLupus Related Kidney Diseases. Jason Cobb MD Assistant Professor Renal Division Emory University School of Medicine October 14, 2017
Lupus Related Kidney Diseases Jason Cobb MD Assistant Professor Renal Division Emory University School of Medicine October 14, 2017 Financial Disclosures MedImmune Lupus Nephritis Kidney Biopsy Biomarkers
More informationDr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012
Dr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012 Introduction Haematuria Positive blood on urine dipstick 5 red blood cells/ microliter of urine Prevalence Gross haematuria ( macroscopic) 0.13 % Microscopic- 1.5% Haematuria +
More informationGlomerular diseases mostly presenting with Nephritic syndrome
Glomerular diseases mostly presenting with Nephritic syndrome 1 The Nephritic Syndrome Pathogenesis: proliferation of the cells in glomeruli & leukocytic infiltrate Injured capillary walls escape of RBCs
More informationIntroduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology
Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology I. David Weiner, M.D. C. Craig and Audrae Tisher Chair in Nephrology Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida College
More informationDr. Rai Muhammad Asghar Head of Paediatric Department BBH Rawalpindi
Dr. Rai Muhammad Asghar Head of Paediatric Department BBH Rawalpindi Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Sudden onset of Gross hematuria Edema Hypertension Renal insufficiency Cause of AGN Post
More informationYear 2004 Paper one: Questions supplied by Megan
QUESTION 53 Endothelial cell pathology on renal biopsy is most characteristic of which one of the following diagnoses? A. Pre-eclampsia B. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome C. Lupus nephritis D. Immunoglobulin
More informationACUTE KIDNEY INJURY A PRIMER FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS. Myriam Farah, MD, FRCPC
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY A PRIMER FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS Myriam Farah, MD, FRCPC Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia November 2016 1. How to recognize acute
More informationPATTERNS OF RENAL INJURY
PATTERNS OF RENAL INJURY Normal glomerulus podocyte Glomerular capillaries electron micrograph THE CLINICAL SYNDROMES 1. The Nephrotic Syndrome 2. The Acute Nephritic Syndrome 3. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
More informationUse of mycophenolate mofetil in steroid-dependent and -resistant nephrotic syndrome
Pediatr Nephrol (2003) 18:833 837 DOI 10.1007/s00467-003-1175-4 BRIEF REPORT Gina-Marie Barletta William E. Smoyer Timothy E. Bunchman Joseph T. Flynn David B. Kershaw Use of mycophenolate mofetil in steroid-dependent
More informationEvaluation and Management of Proteinuria. Negiin Pourafshar, MD University of Virginia Division of Nephrology
Evaluation and Management of Proteinuria Negiin Pourafshar, MD University of Virginia Division of Nephrology Case A 30-year-old man, is turned down for life insurance because of the presence of an unspecified
More informationGuideline on the clinical management of Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
Guideline on the clinical management of Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) Purpose To ensure a standardised approach in the management of children with HSP in southern Derbyshire. Scope The scope of this guideline
More informationProteinuria (Protein in the Urine) Basics
Proteinuria (Protein in the Urine) Basics OVERVIEW Proteinuria is the medical term for protein in the urine Urinary protein is detected by urine dipstick analysis, urinary protein: creatinine ratio (UP:C
More informationGLOMERULONEPHRITIS BRRH Grand Rounds January 12, 2016
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS BRRH Grand Rounds January 12, 2016 Wayne R. Kotzker, M.D. Renal Electrolyte & Hypertension Consultants of South Florida Affiliate Assistant Professor of Clinical Biomedical Sciences,
More informationACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. IAP UG Teaching slides
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 1 Definition Etiology Pathology/pathogenesis Risk factors Clinical Presentation Investigation Differential Diagnosis Management Outcome/Prognosis Indication for Renal Biopsy Summary
More informationExamination by dipstick: (Orthotoluidine & organic peroxidase) Hemoglobin free in urine. Hemoglobin from red blood cells in urine.
Examination by dipstick: (Orthotoluidine & organic peroxidase) Hemoglobin free in urine Hemoglobin from red blood cells in urine Myoglobin Normal erythrocyte excretion rate * 0 425.000/12 h. ( mean 65.750
More informationGlomerular pathology-2 Nephritic syndrome. Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin
Glomerular pathology-2 Nephritic syndrome Dr. Nisreen Abu Shahin 1 The Nephritic Syndrome Pathogenesis: inflammation proliferation of the cells in glomeruli & leukocytic infiltrate Injured capillary walls
More informationRENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY
RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY Peter McCue, M.D. Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology Sidney Kimmel Medical College There are no conflicts of interest. 1 Goals and Objectives! Goals Provide introduction
More informationThe University of Arizona Pediatric Residency Program. Primary Goals for Rotation. Nephrology
The University of Arizona Pediatric Residency Program Primary Goals for Rotation Nephrology 1. GOAL: Understand the general pediatrician's role in diagnosis and management of hypertension in children.
More informationDiabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic Nephropathy Outline Introduction of diabetic nephropathy Manifestations of diabetic nephropathy Staging of diabetic nephropathy Microalbuminuria Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy Treatment of
More informationCase Presentation Turki Al-Hussain, MD
Case Presentation Turki Al-Hussain, MD Director, Renal Pathology Chapter Saudi Society of Nephrology & Transplantation Consultant Nephropathologist & Urological Pathologist Department of Pathology & Laboratory
More informationGlomerulonephritis. Dr Rodney Itaki Anatomical Pathology Discipline.
Glomerulonephritis Dr Rodney Itaki Anatomical Pathology Discipline. University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology Gross anatomy Ref: Goggle Images Microanatomy
More informationCase 3. ACCME/Disclosure. Laboratory results. Clinical history 4/13/2016
Case 3 Lynn D. Cornell, M.D. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Cornell.Lynn@mayo.edu USCAP Renal Case Conference March 13, 2016 ACCME/Disclosure Dr. Cornell has nothing to disclose Clinical history 57-year-old
More informationNephrology Grand Rounds. Mansi Mehta November 24, 2015
Nephrology Grand Rounds Mansi Mehta November 24, 2015 Case 51yo F with PMH significant for Hypertension referred to renal clinic for evaluation of elevated Cr. no known history of CKD; baseline creatinine
More informationGlomerular Diseases. Davis Massey, MD, PhD Surgical Pathology Anna Vinnikova, MD Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases Davis Massey, MD, PhD Surgical Pathology Anna Vinnikova, MD Nephrology Classification of Glomerular Diseases http://what-when-how.com/acp-medicine/glomerular-diseases-part-1/ Classification
More informationSpecial Challenges and Co-Morbidities
Special Challenges and Co-Morbidities Renal Disease/ Hypertension/ Diabetes in African-Americans M. Keith Rawlings, MD Medical Director Peabody Health Center AIDS Arms, Inc Dallas, TX Chair, Internal Medicine
More informationAlterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Chapter 29 Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary tract obstruction is an interference with the flow of urine at any site along the urinary tract The obstruction
More informationProteinuria. Louisiana State University
Proteinuria W S A V A W C P, 2005 David F. Senior Louisiana State University The normal glomerulus is a highly selective barrier for filtration based on size (and on charge in the case of larger molecules).
More informationNephrotic Syndrome. Rasheed Gbadegesin and William E. Smoyer CHAPTER 12 DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 12 Nephrotic Syndrome Rasheed Gbadegesin and William E. Smoyer Nephrotic syndrome is a common type of kidney disease seen in children. Historically, Roelans is credited with the first clinical
More informationC1q nephropathy the Diverse Disease
C1q nephropathy the Diverse Disease Danica Galešić Ljubanović School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb, Croatia Definition Dominant or codominant ( 2+), mesangial staining
More informationEditorial. Recent Concepts in Management of Nephrotic Syndrome
Editorial Recent Concepts in Management of Nephrotic Syndrome This is the third editorial on nephrotic syndrome in this journal in last 4 years. The previous 2 editorials were addressed to problems of
More informationGlomerular Disease. January 16, Katharine Dahl, MD
Glomerular Disease January 16, 2018 Katharine Dahl, MD kdahl@akdhc.com Glomerular Disease Nomenclature Diffuse >50% glomeruli ---- Focal
More informationKerry Cooper M.D. Arizona Kidney Disease and Hypertension Center April 30, 2009
Kerry Cooper M.D. Arizona Kidney Disease and Hypertension Center April 30, 2009 DR. KERRY COOPER IS ON THE SPEAKER BUREAU OF AMGEN, ABBOTT, GENZYME, SHIRE, AND BMS DR. COOPER IS ALSO INVOLVED IN CLINICAL
More informationMHD I SESSION X. Renal Disease
MHD I, Session X, Student Copy Page 1 CASE-BASED SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION MHD I SESSION X Renal Disease Monday, November 11, 2013 MHD I, Session X, Student Copy Page 2 Case #1 Cc: I have had weeks of diarrhea
More informationGuidelines for the management of Nephrotic syndrome in children
Guidelines for the management of Nephrotic syndrome in children Children s Kidney Centre University Hospital of Wales Cardiff CF14 4XW DISCLAIMER: These guidelines were produced in good faith by the author(s)
More informationHenoch-Schonlein Purpura Guidelines
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Guidelines Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the commonest vasculitis of childhood which is selflimiting in majority of cases. Epidemiology: Incidence varies from 10-20 per 100000
More informationGlomerular Diseases. Anna Vinnikova, MD Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases Anna Vinnikova, MD Nephrology Classification of Glomerular Diseases http://what-when-how.com/acp-medicine/glomerular-diseases-part-1/ Classification of pathologic and clinical manifestations
More informationNephrotic syndrome in an adult patient with minimal change disease
Alalwan et al. 33 CASE REPORT PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Nephrotic syndrome in an adult patient with minimal change disease Yusuf Alalwan, Mahmood Alawainati ABSTRACT Minimal change disease (MCD) is a glomerulopathy
More informationGOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME WITH CONCOMITANT IMMUNE COMPLEX MIXED MEMBRANOUS AND PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEFRITIS
GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME WITH CONCOMITANT IMMUNE COMPLEX MIXED MEMBRANOUS AND PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEFRITIS VESNA JURČIĆ 1, ANDREJA ALEŠ RIGLER 2, INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY
More informationNAPRTCS Annual Transplant Report
North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies NAPRTCS 2010 Annual Transplant Report This is a privileged communication not for publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I INTRODUCTION 1 II
More informationNAPRTCS Annual Transplant Report
North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies NAPRTCS 2014 Annual Transplant Report This is a privileged communication not for publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE II TRANSPLANTATION Section
More informationGenetics of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic syndrome. Velibor Tasic University Children s Hospital Skopje, Macedonia
Genetics of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic syndrome Velibor Tasic University Children s Hospital Skopje, Macedonia Nephrotic syndrome - definition Oedema Massive proteinuria (> 50mg/kg/d or> 40mg/m2/h Hypoalbuminemia
More informationUrinary CD80 as a Replacement for Renal Biopsy for Diagnosis of Pediatric Minimal Change Disease
KIDNEY DISEASES Urinary CD80 as a Replacement for Renal Biopsy for Diagnosis of Pediatric Minimal Change Disease Heba Mostafa Ahmed, 1 Dina Ahmed Ezzat, 1 Noha A Doudar, 2 Mai Adel 1 1 Departement of Pediatrics,
More informationCase # 2 3/27/2017. Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships. Clinical history. Clinical history. Laboratory findings
Case # 2 Christopher Larsen, MD Arkana Laboratories Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships USCAP requires that all planners (Education Committee) in a position to influence or control the content
More informationPediatric GU Dysfunction
Pediatric GU Dysfunction Assessment of pediatric renal function Signs and symptoms Laboratory tests Radiological tests Nursing considerations Psychosocial and developmental considerations GU Disorders
More informationInteresting case seminar: Native kidneys Case Report:
Interesting case seminar: Native kidneys Case Report: Proximal tubulopathy and light chain deposition disease presented as severe pulmonary hypertension with right-sided cardiac dysfunction and nephrotic
More informationScleritis LEN V KOH OD
Scleritis LEN V KOH OD 2014 PUCO 1 Introduction A painful, destructive, and potentially blinding disorder Highly symptomatic High association with systemic disease Immunosuppresssive agents 2014 PUCO 2
More informationManagement and treatment of glomerular diseases KDIGO Controversies Conference Part 1
Management and treatment of glomerular diseases KDIGO Controversies Conference Part 1 Dr.M.Matinfar Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine & Nephrology IUMS -IKRC GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN THE MANAGEMENT
More informationPractice Patterns and Outcomes of ACTHar use in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 1 of 17 Practice Patterns and Outcomes of ACTHar use in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome MANUAL OF OPERATIONS VERSION 5.0 August 1, 2017 Page 2 of 17 STUDY PERSONNEL CONTACT INFORMATION Principal
More informationRaDaR Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Diagnosis Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria. Alport Syndrome definite or probable
Alport Syndrome and Type IV collagenopathies APRT Deficiency Alport Syndrome definite or probable Alport carrier definite or probable Thin basement membrane nephropathy APRT Deficiency confirmed Abolished
More informationRECURRENT AND DE NOVO RENAL DISEASES IN THE ALLOGRAFT
RECURRENT AND DE NOVO RENAL DISEASES IN THE ALLOGRAFT HISTOPATHOLOGIC DISORDERS AFFECTING THE ALLOGRAFT OTHER THAN REJECTION RECURRENT DISEASE DE NOVO DISEASE TRANSPLANT GLOMERULOPATHY Glomerular Non-glomerular
More informationClinical Commissioning Policy: Rituximab for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults
Clinical Commissioning Policy: Rituximab for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults Reference: NHS England: 16047/P NHS England INFORMATION READER BOX Directorate Medical Operations
More informationRecurrent Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulonephritis After Kidney Transplantation and Successful Treatment With Rituximab
TRANSPLANTATION Recurrent Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulonephritis After Kidney Transplantation and Successful Treatment With Rituximab Khadijeh Makhdoomi, 1,2 Saeed Abkhiz, 1,2 Farahnaz Noroozinia, 1,3
More informationA patient guide to membranous nephropathy
A patient guide to membranous nephropathy Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kidney Care Department UHB is a no smoking Trust To see all of our current patient information leaflets please visit www.uhb.nhs.uk/patient-information-leaflets.htm
More informationImproved outcomes in nephrotic syndrome
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS CME CREDIT GERALD B. APPEL, MD * Director of Clinical Nephrology and Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY TAKE-HOME
More information17 th Budapest Nephrology School August, 2010 TEST
17 th Budapest Nephrology School 26 31 August, 2010 TEST AGE: GENDER: COUNTRY: 1) Which of the followings are true? 1. Hypoadiponectinemia can predispose to hypertension? 2. Hyperadiponectinemia can predispose
More informationCrescentic Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) Background Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is defined as any glomerular disease characterized by extensive crescents (usually >50%) as the principal histologic
More information