Chapter 5: Health Screening. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition

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1 Chapter 5: Health Screening ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition

2 Introduction The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has defined what is considered moderate and vigorous exercise: Moderate intensity of 40-60% VO 2 max; approximately 45 minutes Vigorous activities of >6 METs; intensity of >60% VO 2 max.

3 Introduction Acute Disease a condition that usually has a rapid onset and a relatively short and severe course; opposite of chronic. Chronic Disease a disease of long duration that persists over a long period of time; opposite of acute.

4 Health Screening Forms The necessary components of a health history form include: 1. Demographic information such as age, sex, and occupation; 2. Past and present exercise history; 3. Health risk factors; 4. Medications; 5. Recent or current illness and injuries; 6. Surgery and injury history; and 7. Family medical history.

5 Health Screening Forms The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is recommended as a minimal prerequisite for beginning a low- to moderateintensity exercise program. The PAR-Q should be updated every year or any time a new condition arises.

6 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity Injuries related to physical activity usually come from: Aggravating an existing condition (either known or unknown by the client) or Precipitating a new condition.

7 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity Atherosclerosis a process in which fatty deposits of cholesterol and calcium accumulate on the walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity. When this process affects the arteries that supply the heart, it is called coronary artery disease (CAD).

8 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity The ACSM has identified several positive (increased risk) CAD risk factors: Family history Cigarette smoking Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Impaired fasting glucose Obesity Sedentary lifestyle

9 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity IDDM Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) Body produces no insulin. With an absolute lack of insulin, the most common symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), extreme hunger (polyphagia), extreme fatigue, and weight loss.

10 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity NIDDM Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) Body has a "relative" deficiency of insulin. The beta cells in the pancreas are produce some insulin, but the insulin is either too little or isn't working properly to let glucose into cells to produce energy. Some symptoms include tiredness, increased thirst, frequent urination, dry/itchy skin, blurred vision, slow-healing cuts or sores, more infections than usual, numbness and tingling in feet.

11 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity The musculoskeletal system consists of the muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments that support and move the body.

12 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity Scope of Practice the range and limit of responsibilities normally associated with a specific job or profession.

13 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity The most common type of injury sustained by persons participating in physical activity is the overuse injury. These injuries are usually the result of poor training techniques, poor body mechanics, or both. Ex., runner s knee, swimmer s shoulder, tennis elbow (epicondylitis), shin splints, and iliotibial (IT) band syndrome.

14 Health Conditions Affecting Physical Activity To avoid aggravating an existing injury, and to allow for healing to occur, modify a client s exercise program using a cross-training strategy. Cross training is a method of physical training in which a variety of exercises and changes in body positions or modes of exercise are utilized to positively affect compliance and motivation, and also stimulate additional strength gains or reduce injury risk.

15 Medications Medications Resting Exercising Maximal Exercise Comments Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Dose-related response Diuretics Other Antihypertensives, or,, or, Usually Many antihypertensive medications are used. Some may decrease, a few many increase, ad others do not affect heart rates. Some exhibit dose-related response. Calcium Channel Blockers, or,, or, Usually Variable and dose-related responses

16 Medications Medications Resting Exercising Maximal Exercise Comments Antihistamines Cold Medications [without sympathomimetic (SA) activity] Cold Medications (with SA activity) or or Tranquilizers, or if anxiety reducing, may

17 Medications Medications Resting Exercising Maximal Exercise Comments Antidepressants and Some Antipsychotic Medications or Alcohol or or Exercise prohibited while under the influence; effects of alcohol on coordination increase possibility of injuries. Diet Pills (with SA Activity) Diet Pills (containing Amphetamines) or or Discourage as a poor approach to weight loss; acceptable only with physician s written approval.

18 Medications Medications Resting Exercising Maximal Exercise Comments Diet Pills (without SA Activity or Amphetamines) Discourage as a poor approach to weight loss; acceptable only with physician s written approval. Caffeine or or Nicotine or or Discourage smoking; suggest lower target heart rate and exercise intensity for smokers.

19 Physical Screen The purpose of a physical evaluation is to identify unknown conditions and to further delineate a known condition. The physical screen also establishes an initial baseline and can uncover specific areas that need work. Finally, it communicates to clients that you are interested in them and are designing an individualized program to meet their needs.

20 Physical Screen Two (2) important components of the screening are resting blood pressure and resting heart rate. Optimal blood pressure, with respect to cardiovascular risk, is 120/80; however, a blood pressure reading below 130/85 is considered normal. Resting heart rate in adults is usually bpm and is regular in rhythm. Well-trained athletes often have resting heart rates in the low 40s.

Diabetes- A Silent Killer

Diabetes- A Silent Killer What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body fails to utilize the ingested glucose properly. This is due to lack of the hormone, Insulin or because the