BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2"

Transcription

1 BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 17 Urinary System 2 Glomerular Filtration Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au

2 Session Plan o Overview of Renal Physiology Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion o Glomerular Filtration Filtration Membrane Net Filtration Pressure Glomerular Filtration Rate o Regulation of GFR Renal Autoregulation Neural Regulation Hormonal Regulation Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 2

3 Overview of Renal Physiology Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 3

4 Overview of Renal Physiology o Nephrons and collecting ducts perform 3 basic processes Glomerular filtration: Filtration of waste-laden blood in the glomerulus. Tubular reabsorption: The process of returning important substances from the filtrate back to the body. Tubular secretion: The movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 4

5 Overview of Renal Physiology o Rate of excretion of any substance= its rate of filtration + its rate of secretion - its rate of reabsorption Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 5

6 Glomerular Filtration Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 6

7 Glomerular Filtration o Glomerular filtration: The formation of a protein-free filtrate (ultra filtrate) of plasma across the glomerular membrane. o Glomerular filtrate: Fluid that enters capsular space Daily volume liters more than 99% returned to blood plasma via tubular reabsorption In the average adult, the body s entire extracellular fluid volume is filtered about 12 times per day. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 7

8 Glomerular Filtration o Filtration membrane: A leaky barrier formed by the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes, which completely encircle the capillaries o Significance: Permits filtration of water and small solutes Prevents filtration of most plasma proteins, blood cells and platelets Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 8

9 Glomerular Filtration o Three filtration barriers: Glomerular endothelial cells fenestrations Basal lamina between endothelium A filtration slit formed by a podocyte o Volume of fluid filtered is large because of large surface area, thin and porous membrane, and high glomerular capillary blood pressure Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 9

10 Glomerular Filtration Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 10

11 Net Filtration Pressure o Net Filtration Pressure (NFP): The total pressures that drive glomerular filtration o Pressures that determine NFP: Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP): Promotes filtration. Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP): Opposes filtration. Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP): Opposes filtration. o NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP The NFP of only about 10 mm Hg causes a normal amount of blood plasma (minus plasma proteins) to filter from the glomerulus into the capsular space. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 11

12 Net Filtration Pressure Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 12

13 Glomerular Filtration Rate o Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): The amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute. average adult male rate is 125 ml / min o Homeostasis of body fluids: requires constant GFR Too high: Useful substances are lost due to the speed of fluid passage through the nephron Too low: Sufficient waste products may not be removed from the body o Directly related to NFP Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 13

14 Glomerular Filtration Tortora, and Derrickson, 2012 Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 14

15 Regulation of GFR Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 15

16 Regulation of GFR o Three principal mechanisms: Renal autoregulation occurs when the kidneys themselves regulate GFR. Neural regulation occurs when the ANS regulates renal blood flow and GFR. Hormonal regulation involves angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 16

17 Renal Autoregulation of GFR o Renal autoregulation: Mechanisms that maintain a constant GFR despite changes in arterial BP Myogenic mechanism Increases in Systemic BP, stretch the afferent arteriole Smooth muscle contraction reduces the diameter of the arteriole returning the GFR to its previous level in seconds Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 17

18 Renal Autoregulation of GFR Tubuloglomerular feedback Elevated systemic BP raises the GFR so that fluid flows too rapidly through the renal tubule and Na+, Cl- and water are not reabsorbed Macula densa detects that difference and releases a vasoconstrictor from the juxtaglomerular apparatus Afferent arterioles constrict and reduce GFR Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 18

19 Renal Autoregulation of GFR Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 19

20 Neural Regulation of GFR o Sympathetic input: Blood vessels of the kidney are supplied by sympathetic fibers that release norepinephrine cause vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles Tortora, and Derrickson, 2012 Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 20

21 Neural Regulation of GFR o At rest, renal blood vessels are maximally dilated because sympathetic activity is minimal renal autoregulation prevails o With moderate sympathetic stimulation, both afferent and efferent arterioles constrict equally decreasing GFR equally o With extreme sympathetic stimulation (exercise or haemorrhage), vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles reduces GFR & reduced urine blood flow lowers urine output and permits blood flow to other tissues Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 21

22 Hormonal Regulation of GFR o Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases GFR stretching of the atria that occurs with an increase in blood volume causes hormonal release relaxes glomerular mesangial cells increasing capillary surface area and increasing GFR o Angiotensin II reduces GFR potent vasoconstrictor that narrows both afferent and efferent arterioles reducing GFR Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 22

23 Regulation of GFR: Summary Myogenic Tubuloglomerular Feedback Hormonal Neural Marieb, and Hoehn, 2011

24 Myogenic Regulation of GFR Marieb, and Hoehn, 2011 Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 24

25 Tubuloglomerular Feedback regulation of GFR Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 25

26 Hormonal regulation of GFR Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 26

27 Neural Regulation of GFR Sympathetic Nervous System Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 27

28 Readings and Resources o Tortora, GJ & Derrickson, B Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th edn, Wiley. o Harris, P, Nagy, S & Vardaxis, N 2010, Mosby s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions, 2nd edn, Mosby Elsevier. o Guyton, AC & Hall, JE 2011, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edn, Saunders Elsevier. o Marieb, EN & Hoehn, K 2011, Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th edn, Benjamin Cummings Pearson. o Moore, KL, Dalley, AF & Agur, AMR 2010, Clinically Orientated Anatomy, 6th edn, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 28

29 Copyright COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the Endeavour College of Natural Health pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 29

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 16 Urinary System 1 The Kidneys Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan o Functions of Urinary system o The Kidneys:

More information

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 18 Urinary System 3 Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan o Principles of

More information

Chapter 26 The Urinary System

Chapter 26 The Urinary System Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most

More information

LECTURE 25: FILTRATION AND CLEARANCE NEPHRON FILTRATION

LECTURE 25: FILTRATION AND CLEARANCE NEPHRON FILTRATION LECTURE 25: FILTRATION AND CLEARANCE NEPHRON FILTRATION 1. Everything in the plasma is filtered except large proteins and red blood cells. The filtrate in Bowman s capsule is an isosmotic fluid that is

More information

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus /6/0 About this Chapter Functions of the Kidneys Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Secretion Micturition Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of

More information

Chapter 24: The Urinary System

Chapter 24: The Urinary System Chapter 24: The Urinary System Overview of kidney functions n Regulation of blood ionic composition n Regulation of blood ph n Regulation of blood volume n Regulation of blood pressure n Maintenance of

More information

Glomerular Filtration Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.

Glomerular Filtration Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc. Glomerular Filtration Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction Formation of urine by the kidney involves

More information

Collin County Community College RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

Collin County Community College RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Collin County Community College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12 Urinary System 1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Glomerular Filtration Filtration process that occurs in Bowman s Capsule Blood is filtered and

More information

Chapter 25 The Urinary System

Chapter 25 The Urinary System Chapter 25 The Urinary System 10/30/2013 MDufilho 1 Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph Gluconeogenesis

More information

Ch 19: The Kidneys. Functional unit of kidneys:?? Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM

Ch 19: The Kidneys. Functional unit of kidneys:?? Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 19: The Kidneys Homeostatic regulation of ECF volume and BP Osmolarity 290 mosm Ion balance Na+ and K+, etc. ph (acid-base balance Excretion of wastes & foreign substances Hormone production EPO Renin

More information

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY REGULATION OF BODY FLUID VOLUME REGULATION OF OSMOTIC BALANCE REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE ERYTHROPOIESIS

More information

By: Dr. Foadoddini Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Body fluids and.

By: Dr. Foadoddini Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Body fluids and. By: Dr. Foadoddini Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Birjand University of Medical Sciences Body fluids and Renal physiology 25 Volume and Osmolality of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids

More information

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure

Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Fluid pressure exerted by blood within glomerular capillaries Depends on Contraction of the heart Resistance to blood flow offered by afferent and efferent arterioles

More information

Running head: NEPHRON 1. The nephron the functional unit of the kidney. [Student Name] [Name of Institute] Author Note

Running head: NEPHRON 1. The nephron the functional unit of the kidney. [Student Name] [Name of Institute] Author Note Running head: NEPHRON 1 The nephron the functional unit of the kidney [Student Name] [Name of Institute] Author Note NEPHRON 2 The nephron the functional unit of the kidney The kidney is an important excretory

More information

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016

Urine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016 Urine Formation Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages 9-17 Filtrate Blood plasma minus most proteins Urine

More information

describe the location of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column:

describe the location of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column: Basic A & P II Dr. L. Bacha Chapter Outline (Martini & Nath 2010) list the three major functions of the urinary system: by examining Fig. 24-1, list the organs of the urinary system: describe the location

More information

Physio 12 -Summer 02 - Renal Physiology - Page 1

Physio 12 -Summer 02 - Renal Physiology - Page 1 Physiology 12 Kidney and Fluid regulation Guyton Ch 20, 21,22,23 Roles of the Kidney Regulation of body fluid osmolarity and electrolytes Regulation of acid-base balance (ph) Excretion of natural wastes

More information

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney

Chapter 26 The Urinary System. Overview of Kidney Functions. External Anatomy of Kidney. External Anatomy of Kidney Chapter 26 The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the blood and return most

More information

QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 19

QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 19 QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY FILTRATION [THE KIDNEYS/URINARY SYSTEM] CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 19 Learning Objectives: Differentiate the following processes: filtration, reabsorption, secretion,

More information

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015

RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015 1. In which abdominal cavity do the kidneys lie? a) Peritoneum. b) Anteperitoneal. c) Retroperitoneal. d) Parietal peritoneal 2. What is the

More information

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System

Urinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System Urinary System Organization The Golden Rule: The Job of The Urinary System is to Maintain the Composition and Volume of ECF remember this & all else will fall in place! Functions of the Urinary System

More information

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST

014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST 014 Chapter 14 Created: 9:25:14 PM CST Student: 1. Functions of the kidneys include A. the regulation of body salt and water balance. B. hydrogen ion homeostasis. C. the regulation of blood glucose concentration.

More information

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17

Urinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17 Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base

More information

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 5 Cardiovascular System 3 Vasculature and Capillary Exchange Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan o Structure

More information

Human Urogenital System 26-1

Human Urogenital System 26-1 Human Urogenital System 26-1 Urogenital System Functions Filtering of blood, Removal of wastes and metabolites Regulation of blood volume and composition concentration of blood solutes ph of extracellular

More information

Kidney and urine formation

Kidney and urine formation Kidney and urine formation Renal structure & function Urine formation Urinary y concentration and dilution Regulation of urine formation 1 Kidney and urine formation 1.Renal structure & function 1)General

More information

Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate

Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate Renal physiology The kidneys Allow us to live on dry land. Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate Kidneys maintain composition

More information

Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001

Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001 Renal Quiz - June 22, 21001 1. The molecular weight of calcium is 40 and chloride is 36. How many milligrams of CaCl 2 is required to give 2 meq of calcium? a) 40 b) 72 c) 112 d) 224 2. The extracellular

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY DR.CHARUSHILA RUKADIKAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY DR.CHARUSHILA RUKADIKAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY RENAL PHYSIOLOGY DR.CHARUSHILA RUKADIKAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY GROSS ANATOMY Location *Bean-shaped *Retroperitoneal *At level of T12 L1 vertebrae. *The right kidney lies slightly inferior to left

More information

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion.

Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The Kidney Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The kidney has 6 roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Main Functions 1. Ion Balance

More information

Basic Functions of the Kidneys

Basic Functions of the Kidneys Dr. Adelina Vlad Basic Functions of the Kidneys Eliminate plasma METABOLIC WASTE PRODUCTS and FOREIGN COMPOUNDS The kidney are the primary means for eliminating metabolic waste products (urea, creatinine,

More information

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!)

Questions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Questions? Homework due in lab 6 PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Part 3 Variations in Urine Formation Composition varies Fluid volume Solute concentration Variations in Urine Formation

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 Renal Functions Primary Function is to regulate the chemistry of plasma through urine formation Additional Functions Regulate concentration of waste products Regulate

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1 Terms you should understand by the end of this section: diuresis, antidiuresis, osmoreceptors, atrial stretch

More information

Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose. Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health

Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose. Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health Introduction to the kidney: regulation of sodium & glucose Dr Nick Ashton Senior Lecturer in Renal Physiology Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health Objectives Overview of kidney structure & function Glomerular

More information

Chapter 1 RENAL HAEMODYNAMICS AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

Chapter 1 RENAL HAEMODYNAMICS AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION 3 Chapter 1 RENAL HAEMODYNAMICS AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION David Shirley, Giovambattista Capasso and Robert Unwin The kidney has three homeostatic functions that can broadly be described as excretory, regulatory

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM RENAL PHYSIOLOGY WESTMEAD PRIMARY EXAM RENAL PHYSIOLOGY - ANATOMY Glomerulus + renal tubule Each kidney has 1.3 million nephrons Cortical nephrons (85%) have shorter Loop of Henle than Juxtamedullary nephrons

More information

P215 Spring 2018: Renal Physiology Chapter 18: pp , Chapter 19: pp ,

P215 Spring 2018: Renal Physiology Chapter 18: pp , Chapter 19: pp , P215 Spring 2018: Renal Physiology Chapter 18: pp. 504-520, 525-527 Chapter 19: pp. 532-548, 553-560 I. Main Components of the Renal System 1. kidneys 2. ureters 3. urinary bladder 4. urethra 4 Major Functions

More information

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6

BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 BIOL2030 Human A & P II -- Exam 6 Name: 1. The kidney functions in A. preventing blood loss. C. synthesis of vitamin E. E. making ADH. B. white blood cell production. D. excretion of metabolic wastes.

More information

The principal functions of the kidneys

The principal functions of the kidneys Renal physiology The principal functions of the kidneys Formation and excretion of urine Excretion of waste products, drugs, and toxins Regulation of body water and mineral content of the body Maintenance

More information

Waste Products & Kidney Function

Waste Products & Kidney Function Waste Products & Kidney Function urinary system principal means of metabolic waste removal urinary system is closely associated with reproductive system urogenital system share embryonic development share

More information

Lecture 16: The Nephron

Lecture 16: The Nephron Lecture 16: The Nephron Reading: OpenStax A&P Text Chapter 25 Primary functions of the kidneys 1. Regulating osmolarity (blood concentration!) A. Regulating blood pressure B. Maintaining ion balance C.

More information

Urinary System. BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College

Urinary System. BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College Urinary System BSC 2086 A & P 2 Professor Tcherina Duncombe Palm Beach State College Filter plasma, separate and eliminate wastes Functions Regulate blood volume and pressure Regulate osmolarity of body

More information

Collin College. BIOL Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12. Urinary System INTRODUCTION. Main functions of the kidneys are

Collin College. BIOL Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12. Urinary System INTRODUCTION. Main functions of the kidneys are Collin College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 12 Urinary System 1 INTRODUCTION Main functions of the kidneys are regulate blood volume, water content regulate blood composition e..g. Na, Cl, K, ph

More information

Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 2 George D. Ford, Ph.D.

Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 2 George D. Ford, Ph.D. Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 2 George D. Ford, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the Central Nervous System Ischemic Response. 2. Describe chemical sensitivities of arterial and cardiopulmonary chemoreceptors,

More information

Chapter 25: Urinary System

Chapter 25: Urinary System Chapter 25: Urinary System I. Kidney anatomy: retroperitoneal from 12 th thoracic to 3 rd lumbar area A. External anatomy: hilus is the indentation 1. Adrenal gland: in the fat at the superior end of each

More information

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure.

2) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Class: A&P2-1 Description: Test: Excretory Test Points: 144 Test Number: 28379 Printed: 31-March-10 12:03 1) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the required structure. Click on the Bowman's

More information

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) LECTURE NO (2) Renal Physiology Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Faculty Of Medicine Dept.Of Physiology The glomerulus Is a tuft of capillaries enclosed within a Bowman capsule. It is supplied by an afferent

More information

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of

More information

Renal Blood flow; Renal Clearance. Dr Sitelbanat

Renal Blood flow; Renal Clearance. Dr Sitelbanat Renal Blood flow; Renal Clearance Dr Sitelbanat Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to describe: Renal blood flow Autoregulation of GFR and RBF Regulation of GFR The Calcuation

More information

Renal Physiology Part II. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross

Renal Physiology Part II. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Renal Physiology Part II Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Fluid and Electrolyte balance As we know from our previous studies: Water and ions need to be balanced in order to maintain proper homeostatic

More information

Excretory System-Training Handout

Excretory System-Training Handout Excretory System-Training Handout Karen L. Lancour National Rules Committee Chairman Life Science Excretion - Excretion is the removal of the metabolic wastes of an organism. Wastes that are removed include

More information

Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au

Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2 Session 8 Immune System 1 Bioscience Department Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au Session Plan

More information

Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph

Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph The Urinary System Urinary System Organs Kidneys are major excretory organs Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra

More information

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy

Nephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy Kidney Functions: (Eckert 14-17) Mammalian Kidney -Paired -1% body mass -20% blood flow (Eckert 14-17) -Osmoregulation -Blood volume regulation -Maintain proper ion concentrations -Dispose of metabolic

More information

Renal System and Excretion

Renal System and Excretion Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures

URINARY SYSTEM. Primary functions. Major organs & structures URINARY SYSTEM Primary functions Excretion of metabolic wastes Regulation of water and ion balances Regulation of blood pressure Vitamin D activation Regulation of rbc s (erythropoietin) Gluconeogenesis

More information

Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology) Urinary System (Anatomy & Physiology) IACLD CME, Monday, February 20, 2012 Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari, DCLS, PhD Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST) Tehran, Iran The Urinary System

More information

Chapter 17: Urinary System

Chapter 17: Urinary System Introduction Chapter 17: Urinary System Organs of the Urinary System REFERENCE FIGURE 17.1 2 kidneys filters the blood 2 ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Urinary bladder

More information

Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System

Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System Chapter 26 Figure 26.1 An Introduction to the Urinary System Components of the Urinary System Kidney Produces urine Ureter Transports urine toward the urinary bladder Urinary Bladder Temporarily stores

More information

Lab Activity 31. Anatomy of the Urinary System. Portland Community College BI 233

Lab Activity 31. Anatomy of the Urinary System. Portland Community College BI 233 Lab Activity 31 Anatomy of the Urinary System Portland Community College BI 233 Urinary System Organs Kidneys Urinary bladder: provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters: transport

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 1. a. Proximal tubule. b. Proximal tubule. c. Glomerular endothelial fenestrae, filtration slits between podocytes of Bowman's capsule.

More information

Physiology (4) 2/4/2018. Wael abu-anzeh

Physiology (4) 2/4/2018. Wael abu-anzeh Physiology (4) 2/4/2018 Wael abu-anzeh In the previous lectures we have discussed the filtration and the reabsorption processes but in this lecture we will talk about the factor that will regulate or control

More information

Functions of the kidney

Functions of the kidney Physiology of Urinary tract Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder Urethra Kidney function Excretion Physiology of volume regulation Functions of the kidney Excretion of dangerous substances endogenous (metabolites):

More information

CHAPTER 25 URINARY. Urinary system. Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1. functions

CHAPTER 25 URINARY. Urinary system. Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1. functions CHAPTER 25 URINARY Kidneys 2 Ureters 2 Urinary Bladder 1 Urethra 1 fluid waste elimination secretion of wastes control blood volume and BP control blood ph electrolyte levels RBC levels hormone production

More information

Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C.

Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C. Urinary System Functions of the Urinary system (renal) A. B. C. I. Overview of fluids A. Normal volumes 1. fluid intake a. = 1500 ml b. = 750 ml c. = 250 ml (remember ETS) d. total = 2500 ml/day 2. fluid

More information

Renal Physiology Intro to CRRT Concepts. Catherine Jones September 2017

Renal Physiology Intro to CRRT Concepts. Catherine Jones September 2017 Renal Physiology Intro to CRRT Concepts Catherine Jones September 2017 Learning Outcomes To revise anatomy & physiology of kidney in health: To understand basic principles of continuous renal replacement

More information

19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY ROLE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM THE URINARY SYSTEM. Components and function. V BS 122 Physiology II 151 Class of 2011

19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY ROLE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM THE URINARY SYSTEM. Components and function. V BS 122 Physiology II 151 Class of 2011 19. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY THE URINARY SYSTEM Components and function The urinary system is composed of two kidneys, the functionally filtering apparatus, which connect through two tubular structures called

More information

Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD

Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD Renal physiology D.HAMMOUDI.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood glucose

More information

Renal Regulation of Sodium and Volume. Dr. Dave Johnson Associate Professor Dept. Physiology UNECOM

Renal Regulation of Sodium and Volume. Dr. Dave Johnson Associate Professor Dept. Physiology UNECOM Renal Regulation of Sodium and Volume Dr. Dave Johnson Associate Professor Dept. Physiology UNECOM Maintaining Volume Plasma water and sodium (Na + ) are regulated independently - you are already familiar

More information

2- Maintain the proper balance between water and. 3- Maintain the proper acid base balance. glucose by gluconeogenesis. pressure

2- Maintain the proper balance between water and. 3- Maintain the proper acid base balance. glucose by gluconeogenesis. pressure Filter ~180 liters of blood plasma daily, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine 1 Regulate volume and chemical composition of the blood 2 Maintain the proper balance

More information

Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance

Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance Functional morphology of kidneys Clearance Assoc. Prof. MUDr. Markéta Bébarová, Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University This presentation includes only the most important

More information

HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM The Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra Filter the

More information

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine

Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Urinary System Organs Kidney Filters blood, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine Urinary bladder provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters

More information

Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM

Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. The formation of urine is the function of the kidneys, and the rest of the system is responsible

More information

Lab 19 The Urinary System

Lab 19 The Urinary System Lab 19 The Urinary System Laboratory Objectives Identify and describe the micro- and macroscopic anatomy of the kidney. Track the blood flow in and out of the kidney. Compare blood, glomerular filtrate,

More information

Physiology Lecture 2. What controls GFR?

Physiology Lecture 2. What controls GFR? Physiology Lecture 2 Too much blood is received by the glomerular capillaries, this blood contains plasma, once this plasma enters the glomerular capillaries it will be filtered to bowman s space. The

More information

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Urinary System

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Urinary System Urinary System What are the organs that comprise the urinary system? Urinary System Organs Kidneys Urinary bladder Ureters Urethra Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Aorta

More information

Sunday, July 17, 2011 URINARY SYSTEM

Sunday, July 17, 2011 URINARY SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM Let s take a look at the anatomy first! KIDNEYS: are complex reprocessing centers where blood is filtered through and waste products are removed. Wastes and extra water become

More information

Kidney Structure. Renal Lobe = renal pyramid & overlying cortex. Renal Lobule = medullary ray & surrounding cortical labryinth.

Kidney Structure. Renal Lobe = renal pyramid & overlying cortex. Renal Lobule = medullary ray & surrounding cortical labryinth. Kidney Structure Capsule Hilum ureter renal pelvis major and minor calyxes renal and vein segmental arteries interlobar arteries arcuate arteries interlobular arteries Medulla renal pyramids cortical/renal

More information

Regulate chemical composition of body fluids. Controls composition of bloods ion levels and concentration. Help maintain PCO2 & acid/base balance [ph]

Regulate chemical composition of body fluids. Controls composition of bloods ion levels and concentration. Help maintain PCO2 & acid/base balance [ph] The Urinary System Regulate chemical composition of body fluids Eliminates waste Controls composition of bloods ion levels and concentration Help maintain PCO2 & acid/base balance [ph] Help regulate blood

More information

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Urinary System. consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra Urinary System 1 Urinary System consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra 2 Location of Kidneys The kidneys which are positioned retroperitoneally lie on either side of the vertebral

More information

KD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin

KD02 [Mar96] [Feb12] Which has the greatest renal clearance? A. PAH B. Glucose C. Urea D. Water E. Inulin Renal Physiology MCQ KD01 [Mar96] [Apr01] Renal blood flow is dependent on: A. Juxtaglomerular apparatus B. [Na+] at macula densa C. Afferent vasodilatation D. Arterial pressure (poorly worded/recalled

More information

Cardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 2

Cardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 2 Cardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 2 Blood Pressure Main factors influencing blood pressure: Cardiac output (CO) Peripheral resistance (PR) Blood volume Peripheral resistance is a major factor

More information

The functions of the kidney:

The functions of the kidney: The functions of the kidney: After reading this lecture you should be able to.. 1. List the main functions of the kidney. 2. Know the basic physiological anatomy of the kidney and the nephron 3. Describe

More information

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system

More information

Renal Functions: Renal Functions: Renal Function: Produce Urine

Renal Functions: Renal Functions: Renal Function: Produce Urine Renal Functions: Excrete metabolic waste products Reabsorb vital nutrients Regulate osmolarity: Maintain ion balance Regulate extracellular fluid volume (and thus blood pressure) Renal Functions: Regulate

More information

Renal-Related Questions

Renal-Related Questions Renal-Related Questions 1) List the major segments of the nephron and for each segment describe in a single sentence what happens to sodium there. (10 points). 2) a) Describe the handling by the nephron

More information

Fluid and electrolyte balance, imbalance

Fluid and electrolyte balance, imbalance Fluid and electrolyte balance, imbalance Body fluid The fluids are distributed throughout the body in various compartments. Body fluid is composed primarily of water Water is the solvent in which all solutes

More information

osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys

osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys Ionic & Osmotic Homeostasis osmoregulation mechanisms in gills, salt glands, and kidneys extracellular intracellular 22 23 Salt Secretion: recycle Figure in Box 26.2 Hill et al. 2004 active Down electrochemical

More information

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Kidney Function Filters blood removes waste products conserves salts, glucose, proteins, nutrients and water Produces urine Endocrine functions regulates

More information

Blood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD

Blood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD Blood Pressure Regulation 2 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD 1 Objectives Outline the intermediate term and long term regulators of ABP. Describe the role of Epinephrine, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone

More information

Blood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD

Blood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD Blood Pressure Regulation 2 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD 1 Objectives Outline the intermediate term and long term regulators of ABP. Describe the role of Epinephrine, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone

More information

Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions

Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions Counter-Current System Regulation of Renal Functions Assoc. Prof. MUDr. Markéta Bébarová, Ph.D. Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University This presentation includes only the most

More information

URINARY SYSTEM. Urinary System

URINARY SYSTEM. Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM Urinary System Kidney Functions Excretion Regulation of blood volume and pressure Regulation of electrolyte and ph levels Kidney Structure Gross Anatomy Fibrous Capsule Renal Cortex Renal

More information

Outline Urinary System

Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation

More information

Excretory Lecture Test Questions Set 1

Excretory Lecture Test Questions Set 1 Excretory Lecture Test Questions Set 1 1. The separation and ejection of metabolic wastes, usually in aqueous solution, is: a. reabsorption b. secretion c. filtration d. excretion e. endocrinology 2. Besides

More information

Urinary System and Fluid Balance. Urine Production

Urinary System and Fluid Balance. Urine Production Urinary System and Fluid Balance Name Pd Date Urine Production The three processes critical to the formation of urine are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Match these terms with the correct statement

More information