The Excretory System. 4 The Excretory System.notebook. May 24, 2017

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Excretory System. 4 The Excretory System.notebook. May 24, 2017"

Transcription

1 4 The Excretry System.ntebk The Excretry System OSMOREGULATION (WATER BALANCE) Mst marine invertebrates are smcnfrmers, meaning the cncentratin f slutes in their bdy fluid is equal t that f their envirnment. As a result, they d nt gain r lse water. Osmcnfrmers usually live in water that has a very stable cmpsitin (i.e., the cean) and s their internal envirnment changes very little. Mst vertebrates are smregulatrs, meaning they maintain a cncentratin f slutes in their bdy fluid different frm that f the envirnment. Osmregulatin Prblems faced by smregulatrs: Marine vertebrates Maintain a lwer salt cncentratin in the bdy than in the envirnment. Having bdy fluids hyptnic t the envirnment means water tends t leave the bdy. They must retain water t prevent dehydratin. Marine fishes slve this prblem by... Drinking large amunts f seawater. They then excrete excess ins frm the bld thrugh the gills r skin. They prduce very little urine. Marine Vertebrates 1

2 4 The Excretry System.ntebk Freshwater vertebrates Maintain bdy fluids hypertnic t the envirnment, meaning they are cnstantly gaining water by smsis and lsing slutes by diffusin. Freshwater fishes slve this prblem by Nt drinking water and excreting a large vlume f dilute urine. They replace lst ins by active transprt acrss the gills frm the water int the bld. Fresh Water Vertebrates Terrestrial vertebrates Have bdies with a higher cncentratin f water than the surrunding air s they tend t lse water by evapratin frm the skin and lungs. The bdy cvering helps prevent water lss. Efficient kidneys allw the excretin f cncentrated urine t get rid f waste. A lss f fluid f % results in. thirst 1 Pull pain and cllapse 5 Pull spasms, dimmed visin 10 irium Pull death 12 Pull Water lss effects 2

3 4 The Excretry System.ntebk EXCRETION OF NITROGENOUS WASTES When animals metablize amin acids (which cntain nitrgen), the txic byprduct ammnia is prduced and must be excreted. Animals that excrete this waste as ammnia need access t lts f water because the very txic chemical must be diluted. Fr freshwater fish this is nt a prblem because they can just prduce a large vlume f dilute urine. Marine fish and terrestrial vertebrates must cnserve water s they cannt excrete the waste in the frm f ammnia. Instead, in these animals, the ammnia is cnverted t urea in the liver. Urea is much less txic (abut 100,000 times less txic than ammnia) and is excreted as a cncentrated slutin f urea rather than a dilute slutin f ammnia. Land snails, insects, birds, and many reptiles excrete uric acid as the main nitrgenus waste. It is als relatively nntxic. Uric acid des nt disslve very well in water s it crystallizes and is excreted as a semi-slid paste with very little water lss. Excretin f Nitrgenus wastes Nitrgenus waste 3

4 4 The Excretry System.ntebk ORGANIZATION OF THE VERTEBRATE KIDNEY In humans, the kidneys are lcated in the lwer back. Urine exits each kidney thrugh a duct called the ureter, and bth ureters drain t a cmmn urinary bladder. During urinatin, urine is expelled frm the urinary bladder thrugh a tube called the urethra, which empties t the utside near the vagina in females r thrugh the penis in males. The mammalian kidney has an uter renal crtex and an inner renal medulla. Bth regins are packed with micrscpic tubules called nephrns... Kidney Anatmy Bth regins are packed with micrscpic tubules called nephrns. Each human kidney cntains abut a millin nephrns, with a ttal tubule length f 80 km. Each nephrn cnsists f a single lng tubule and a ball f capillaries, called the glmerulus. The clsed end f the tubule frms a cup, called Bwman s capsule, which surrunds the glmerulus. Frm Bwman s capsule, the filtrate (i.e., the fluid that will becme urine) passes thrugh three regins f the nephrn: the prximal tubule; the lp f Henle, a hairpin turn with a descending limb and an ascending limb; and the distal tubule. The distal tubule empties int a cllecting duct, which receives prcessed filtrate frm many nephrns. The many cllecting ducts empty int the renal pelvis, which is drained by the ureter... Structure f the Nephrn 4

5 4 The Excretry System.ntebk Nephrn Filtratin, reabsrptin, secretin 5

6 4 The Excretry System.ntebk The many cllecting ducts empty int the renal pelvis, which is drained by the ureter. Bld flw t the kidney The kidneys are abut 1% f bdy weight but gets abut 20% f resting cardiac utput. Bld enters the kidney thrugh a branch f the arta called the renal artery which then branches int the smaller afferent arteriles which bring bld t the capillaries f the glmerulus. Bld leaves the capillaries f the glmerulus thrugh an efferent arterile and enters capillaries in the medulla, where they cllect much f the water that was lst thrugh the glmerulus. Venules frm these capillaries lead t the renal vein, which exits the kidney and returns bld t the inferir vena cava. Bld flw t the kidney Human water balance 6

7 4 The Excretry System.ntebk THE KIDNEY AND WASTE REMOVAL FROM THE BLOOD Filtratin As bld passes int the capillaries f the glmerulus, bld pressure frces water and small mlecules ut f the bld int Bwman s capsule. Prteins and large mlecules cannt pass thrugh the walls. Water and small slutes d pass thrugh. The filtrate in Bwman s capsule cntains salt, glucse, amin acids, vitamins, nitrgenus wastes such as urea, and ther small mlecules. Reabsrptin is necessary because filtratin is nnselective and useful mlecules must be recvered frm the urine int the bld. Fluid flws frm the capsule t the prximal tubule in the renal crtex where mst f the salt (NaCl) and water filtered int the capsule are reabsrbed immediately. This ccurs by active transprt f Na + ut f the filtrate int the bld. Water fllws bth because f smsis. Mst f the water and disslved slutes that enter the glmerulus are returned t the bld. In humans, between 1000 and 2000 L f bld passes thrugh the kidneys per day. Abut 180 L f water leaves the bld but mst is reabsrbed, and nly abut 1.5 L f urine is prduced. The nephrns and cllecting ducts reabsrb nearly all f the sugar, vitamins, and ther rganic nutrients frm the initial filtrate and abut 99% f the water. Filtratin/Reabsrptin Nephrn 7

8 4 The Excretry System.ntebk Reabsrptin f water cntinues as the filtrate mves int the descending limb f the lp f Henle. The lp f Henle is permeable t water but nt very permeable t salt and ther small slutes. The cncentratin f salt increases as we mve further int the medulla, s the lp f Henle cntinues t lse water. In cntrast t the descending limb, the ascending limb f the lp f Henle is permeable t salt, but nt water. As filtrate ascends the ascending limb, NaCl diffuses ut f the permeable tubule, increasing the salt cncentratin f the medulla. In the upper part f the ascending limb salt is actively transprted ut f the filtrate. By lsing salt withut giving up water, the filtrate becmes mre dilute as it mves up t the crtex in the ascending limb f the lp. When the cncentratin f sme substances in the bld reaches a certain level, the substance is nt reabsrbed; it remains in the urine. This regulates the levels f several nutrients in the bld. In the distal tubule several different ins are actively transprted int and ut f the filtrate. Reabsrptin Cntinued Secretin Because filtratin is nt selective, sme things must be deliberately remved frm the bld after filtratin. Certain ins, drugs and rganic mlecules nt remved by filtratin are actively transprted frm the bld t the filtrate. This is similar t reabsrptin but in the ppsite directin. Excretin By actively reabsrbing NaCl, the cllecting duct plays a large rle in determining hw much salt is actually excreted in the urine. The duct is permeable t water but nt t salt and the permeability is under hrmnal cntrl. As the filtrate travels thrugh the cllecting duct int the medulla, it encunters an increasing salt cncentratin. Water is lst by smsis, making the filtrate mre cncentrated. Ptentially harmful substances are eliminated by the kidney. Urine als cntains nitrgenus wastes frm the metablism f prtein. It may als cntain excess K +, H + and ther ins. Eliminating excess H + helps maintain the ph f the bld. Excretin f excess water maintains the bld vlume and pressure. Secretin/Excretin 8

9 4 The Excretry System.ntebk Urine cncetratin MAINTANING WATER BALANCE The kidneys cntrl the cncentratin f urine t maintain water balance. By changing the amunt f water eliminated r cnserved, bld vlume and bld pressure can als be maintained by the kidneys. The kidneys excrete hypertnic urine when the bdy needs t cnserve water. The kidneys excretes hyptnic urine when t much water has been ingested. One hrmne imprtant in regulating water balance is antidiuretic hrmne (ADH). The hypthalamus in the brain prduces ADH and it is stred in and secreted by the pituitary gland. Sensr cells in the hypthalamus mnitr the cncentratin f the bld. If the bdy lses water, the cncentratin f the bld increases (i.e., becmes mre salty). The sensrs detect this and trigger the release f ADH. ADH makes the distal tubules and cllecting ducts becme mre permeable t water s that water is reabsrbed frm the filtrate, decreasing the vlume f urine. Nte that ADH can nly reduce water lss. Lst water can nly be replaced by eating r drinking. If a large intake f water has reduced the bld cncentratin (i.e., becmes less salty) very little ADH is released. This decreases the permeability f the distal tubules and cllecting ducts, s water reabsrptin is reduced, resulting in the prductin f mre dilute urine. Alchl inhibits the secretin f ADH, increasing water lss. The resulting dehydratin causes sme symptms f a hangver. It is imprtant, therefre t always drink plenty f water if yu are cnsuming alchl. Maintaining Water Balance 9

10 4 The Excretry System.ntebk ADH and thirst ADH activity 10

11 4 The Excretry System.ntebk KIDNEY DISORDERS Kidney disease The kidneys can be damaged by physical trauma r by infectin. If they fail, dialysis r a transplant is necessary. Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Frmerly called insulin dependent, juvenile r early nset diabetes. Apprximately 10 % f peple with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the part f the pancreas that prduces insulin. Withut insulin, bld sugar is abnrmally high. Type 2 Frmerly called insulin independent, adult, r late nset diabetes. Abut 90 % have type 2 diabetes, which ccurs when the pancreas des nt prduce enugh insulin r when the bdy d nt effectively use the insulin that is prduced. Type 2 diabetes usually develps in adulthd, althugh increasing numbers f children are being diagnsed. A diet high in sugar can cause the bdy t becme less sensitive t insulin. This causes a chrnic, high bld sugar. High bld sugar causes increased sugar in the urine. This in turn causes mre water t enter the urine by smsis. T end result is increased urine prductin (and resulting water lss). Diabetes facts Apprximately 80% f peple with diabetes will die as a result f heart disease r strke. The nset f type 2 diabetes may be prevented r delayed, thrugh increased physical activity, healthy eating, weight lss, nt smking and stress reductin. If left untreated r imprperly managed, diabetes can result in a variety f cmplicatins, including cmplicatins f t heart, kidney, and eyes, as well as erectile dysfunctin, and nerve damage Risk factrs Being: A member f a high-risk grup (Abriginal, Hispanic, Asian, Suth Asian r African descent) Overweight (especially if yu carry mst f yur weight arund yur middle) Having: A parent, brther r sister with diabetes Health cmplicatins that are assciated with diabetes Given birth t a baby that weighed mre than 4 kg (9 lb) Had gestatinal diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) Impaired glucse tlerance r impaired fasting glucse High bld pressure High chlesterl r ther fats in the bld Signs and symptms f diabetes include the fllwing: Unusual thirst Frequent urinatin Weight change (gain r lss) Extreme fatigue r lack f energy Blurred visin Frequent r recurring infectins Cuts and bruises that are slw t heal Tingling r numbness in the hands r feet Truble getting r maintaining an erectin Hw is diabetes treated? Physical Activity: Regular physical activity helps yur bdy lwer bld glucse levels, prmtes weight lss, reduces stress and enhances verall fitness. Nutritin: What, when and hw much yu eat all play an imprtant rle in regulating bld glucse levels. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is especially imprtant in the management f type 2 diabetes. Medicatin: Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is managed thrugh physical activity and planning and may require medicatins and/r insulin t assist yur bdy in making r using insulin mre effectively. Lifestyle Management: Learning t reduce stress levels in day-t-day life can help peple with diabetes better man their disease. Bld Pressure: High bld pressure can lead t eye disease, heart disease, strke and kidney disease, s peple w diabetes shuld try t maintain a bld pressure level at r belw 130/80. Diabetes Insipidus In this disrder, the hypthalamus is damaged and is unable t cntrl water balance in the bdy. The result is prductin f large vlumes f very dilute urine. Extreme cases can mean 20 L f urine per day. Kidney Stnes Diabetes Mellitus Kidney Disrders Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Als called insulin dependent, juvenile r early nset diabetes. Apprximately 10 % f peple with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the part f the pancreas that prduces insulin. Type 2 Als called insulin independent, adult, r late nset diabetes. Abut 90 % have type 2 diabetes The pancreas des nt prduce enugh insulin A diet high in sugar can cause be a cause Diabetes facts Apprximately 80% f peple with diabetes will die as a result f heart disease strke. The nset f type 2 diabetes may be prevented r delayed, thrugh increased physical activity, healthy eating, weight lss, nt smking and stress reductin. Pssible cmplicatins: Heart disease Kidney disease Eye disease Prblems with erectin (imptence) Nerve damage Risk factrs Being: Abriginal, Hispanic, Asian, Suth Asian r African descent Overweight (especially if yu carry mst f yur weight arund yur middle) Signs and symptms Unusual thirst Frequent urinatin Weight change (gain r lss) Extreme fatigue r lack f energy Blurred visin Frequent r recurring infectins Cuts and bruises that are slw t heal Tingling r numbness in the hands r feet Truble getting r maintaining an erectin Hw is diabetes treated? Physical activity Nutritin Weight management Medicatin Lifestyle management Bld pressure Diabetes insipidus The hypthalamus is damaged and is unable t cntrl water balance in the bdy. The result is prductin f large vlumes f very dilute urine. Type I diabetes 11

Excretion and Water Balance

Excretion and Water Balance Excretion and Water Balance 1. Osmoregulation (water balance) a. Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers in which the concentration of solutes in their body fluid is equal to that of their environment.

More information

Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Function

Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Function Chapter 18 The Urinary System Renal Functin Chapter Outline Functins f the Urinary System Anatmy f the Urinary System Basic Renal Exchange Prcesses Reginal Specializatin f the Renal Tubules Excretin 18.1.

More information

Biology 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reproductive Systems ANSWERS

Biology 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reproductive Systems ANSWERS Bilgy 12 Review sheet Urinary and Reprductive Systems ANSWERS 1. What is the main excretry rgan? Kidneys 2. What are the functins f the kidney? helps maintain hmestasis thrugh regulatin f H 2O and ins

More information

Downloaded from

Downloaded from POINTS TO REMEMBER : Dwnladed frm www.studiestday.cm 19. Excretry Prducts and Their Eliminatin Ammntelic: eliminatin f nitrgenus waste in the frm f ammnia.(fish) Uretelic: eliminatin f nitrgenus waste

More information

Test 3 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and the Cell Membrane

Test 3 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and the Cell Membrane Name Blck Date Test 3 Study Guide: Phtsynthesis, Respiratin, and the Cell Membrane Test Dates: December 13 (1 st and 7 th blck) and 12 (6 th blck) SOL: BIO.2d, 3d-e Related Ntes Phtsynthesis Respiratin

More information

Homeostasis. Thermoregulation. Osmoregulation. Excretion. how organisms regulate their body temperature

Homeostasis. Thermoregulation. Osmoregulation. Excretion. how organisms regulate their body temperature Homeostasis the steady-state physiological condition of the body Ability to regulate the internal environment important for proper functioning of cells Thermoregulation Homeostasis how organisms regulate

More information

Biology 30S Unit Test Review: Digestion

Biology 30S Unit Test Review: Digestion Bilgy 30S Unit Test Review: Digestin Test utline: Multiple Chice: 10 Questins, 1 mark each. Shrt Answer: 5 Questins (answer 3 f them), 5 marks each. Lng Answer: 2 Lng Answer Questins, 10 marks each. Tasks

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM What des bld d? 5. What makes this pssible? : In rder fr there t be an efficient exchange f xygen, waste and nutrients there must be a high surface area between the

More information

Chapter 16. Urinary System and Thermoregulation THERMOREGULATION. Homeostasis

Chapter 16. Urinary System and Thermoregulation THERMOREGULATION. Homeostasis Homeostasis Chapter 16 Urinary System and Thermoregulation! Homeostasis Maintenance of steady internal conditions despite fluctuations in the external environment! Examples of homeostasis Thermoregulation

More information

Chapter 44. Osmoregulation and Excretion

Chapter 44. Osmoregulation and Excretion Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Overview: A Balancing Act Physiological systems of animals operate in a fluid environment Relative concentrations of water and solutes must be maintained within

More information

Chapter 26: The Urinary System. An Overview of the Urinary System, p The Kidneys, p. 952

Chapter 26: The Urinary System. An Overview of the Urinary System, p The Kidneys, p. 952 Chapter 26: The Urinary System An Overview f the Urinary System, p. 952 Objective 1. Identify the cmpnents f the urinary system and describe the functins it perfrms. Figure 26-1 The urinary system has

More information

The Excretory System. Biology 20

The Excretory System. Biology 20 The Excretory System Biology 20 Introduction Follow along on page 376 What dangers exist if your body is unable to regulate the fluid balance of your tissues? What challenged would the body have to respond

More information

Topic 12: Endocrine System. Function: Group of glands that produces regulatory chemicals ( )

Topic 12: Endocrine System. Function: Group of glands that produces regulatory chemicals ( ) Tpic 12: Endcrine System Functin: Grup f glands that prduces regulatry chemicals ( ) Hrmnes: Chemical messengers released directly int the bldstream that regulate: *May have wide-spread effects r nly affect

More information

The Digestive System. May 16, The Digestive System.notebook

The Digestive System. May 16, The Digestive System.notebook 3 The Digestive System.ntebk The Digestive System THE BASIC CONCEPTS Animals btain energy by breaking fd mlecules int smaller pieces. The basic fuel mlecules are amin acids, lipids and carbhydrates. The

More information

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion Osmoregulation and Excretion 1. There are two basic solutions to the problem of balancing water gain with water loss. a. The first, available only to marine animals, is to be an osmoconformer. The concentration

More information

Chapter 10 EXCRETION

Chapter 10 EXCRETION Chapter 10 EXCRETION Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance as a part of homeostasis Homeostasis means Maintenance of steady internal conditions despite

More information

Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment. AP Biology

Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment. AP Biology Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment Homeostasis Living in the world organisms had a choice: regulate their internal environment maintain relatively constant internal conditions conform to the

More information

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System. Chapter 50 Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System Chapter 50 Challenge Questions Indicate the areas of the nephron that the following hormones target, and describe when and how the hormones elicit their actions.

More information

Osmoregulation_and_Excretion_p2.notebook June 01, 2017

Osmoregulation_and_Excretion_p2.notebook June 01, 2017 What water balance problems face organisms? Animals balance water gain and loss in one of two ways: 1. Osmoconformers are isotonic to their surroundings so they do not lose or gain water they usually live

More information

Name: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System

Name: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System Name: Date: Perid: Cmpsitin f Bld and their Functins Red Bld Cells (aka ) Structure Ntes: The Bld and Lymphatic System D nt have a like ther cells d Cntain a specialized prtein called Hemglbin cntains

More information

NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System)

NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System) NOTES: CH 44 Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System) HOMEOSTASIS **Recall HOMEOSTASIS is the steady-state physiological condition of the body. It includes: 1) Thermoregulation:

More information

PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates heat, water, salt, acid-base concentrations and metabolite concentrations 1 ORGANS OF EXCRETION Skin and

More information

12/7/10. Excretory System. The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by:

12/7/10. Excretory System. The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by: Excretory System The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by: o o removing wastes returning needed substances to the body for reuse Body systems

More information

Regulating the Internal Environment. AP Biology

Regulating the Internal Environment. AP Biology Regulating the Internal Environment 2006-2007 Conformers vs. Regulators Two evolutionary paths for organisms regulate internal environment maintain relatively constant internal conditions conform to external

More information

Ch. 44 Regulating the Internal Environment

Ch. 44 Regulating the Internal Environment Ch. 44 Regulating the Internal Environment 2006-2007 Conformers vs. Regulators Two evolutionary paths for organisms regulate internal environment maintain relatively constant internal conditions conform

More information

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M

A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M A&P 2 CANALE T H E U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M URINARY SYSTEM CONTRIBUTION TO HOMEOSTASIS Regulates body water levels Excess water taken in is excreted Output varies from 2-1/2 liter/day to 1 liter/hour

More information

Osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water

Osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water Ch 44 Osmoregulation & Excretion Osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water Freshwater animals show adaptations that reduce water uptake and conserve solutes

More information

AP Biology. Homeostasis. Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment. Homeostasis

AP Biology. Homeostasis. Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment. Homeostasis Chapter 44. Regulating the Internal Environment omeostasis Living in the world organisms had a choice: regulate their internal environment maintain relatively constant internal conditions conform to the

More information

November 30, 2016 & URINE FORMATION

November 30, 2016 & URINE FORMATION & URINE FORMATION REVIEW! Urinary/Renal System 200 litres of blood are filtered daily by the kidneys Usable material: reabsorbed back into blood Waste: drained into the bladder away from the heart to the

More information

Biology Slide 1 of 36

Biology Slide 1 of 36 Biology 1 of 36 38 3 The Excretory System 2 of 36 Functions of the Excretory System 1.Function: process which eliminates metabolic wastes 3 of 36 Functions of the Excretory System (The skin excretes excess

More information

April 08, biology 2201 ch 11.3 excretion.notebook. Biology The Excretory System. Apr 13 9:14 PM EXCRETORY SYSTEM.

April 08, biology 2201 ch 11.3 excretion.notebook. Biology The Excretory System. Apr 13 9:14 PM EXCRETORY SYSTEM. Biology 2201 11.3 The Excretory System EXCRETORY SYSTEM 1 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates heat, water, salt, acid base concentrations and metabolite concentrations

More information

Excretory System. Biology 2201

Excretory System. Biology 2201 Excretory System Biology 2201 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates: Body heat Water-salt concentrations Acid-base concentrations Metabolite concentrations ORGANS

More information

Excretory System. Excretory System

Excretory System. Excretory System Excretory System Biology 2201 Excretory System How does the excretory system maintain homeostasis? It regulates: Body heat Water-salt concentrations Acid-base concentrations Metabolite concentrations 1

More information

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system

Outline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of

More information

Swindon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin

Swindon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin Swindn Jint Strategic Needs Assessment Bulletin Swindn Diabetes 2017 Key Pints: This JSNA gives health facts abut peple with diabetes r peple wh might get diabetes in Swindn. This helps us t plan fr medical

More information

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion Announcements Exam is in class on WEDNESDAY. Bring a #2 pencil and your UFID. You must come to your registered class section (except those with DRC accommodations). Office hours Mon 1-3 pm. Teaching evals:

More information

Chapter 12. Excretion and the Interaction of Systems

Chapter 12. Excretion and the Interaction of Systems Chapter 12 Excretion and the Interaction of Systems 1 2 Goals for This Chapter 1. Identify the main structures and functions of the human excretory system 2. Explain the function of the nephron 3. Describe

More information

Materials Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, safety glasses, lab apron, pig heart, & gloves

Materials Dissecting pan, dissecting kit, safety glasses, lab apron, pig heart, & gloves Heart Dissectin Intrductin Mammals have fur-chambered hearts and duble circulatin. The heart f a bird r mammal has tw atria and tw cmpletely separated ventricles. The dublelp circulatin is similar t amphibians

More information

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Chapter 20 The Heart

Chapter 20 The Heart Chapter 20 The Heart ANATOMY OF THE HEART The adult heart is apprximately the size f. The heart is lcated in the cavity, between. Base is directed, and the apex is directed. The membrane surrunding and

More information

Top 10 Causes of Disability

Top 10 Causes of Disability Tp 10 Causes f Disability Disability can happen t anyne, f any age. Thugh sme may be the result f accidents r injuries that are unavidable, many disabilities are the result f diseases and health cnditins

More information

Fad diets Ask the Dietitian Michele Lucas RD CDE

Fad diets Ask the Dietitian Michele Lucas RD CDE Fad diets Ask the Dietitian Michele Lucas RD CDE WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW: Weighing t much is nt gd fr yur health. Being verweight increases yur risk f health prblems, like heart prblems, high bld pressure,

More information

Glaucoma Interviews: Due Tuesday, May 22 nd

Glaucoma Interviews: Due Tuesday, May 22 nd Glaucma Interviews: Due Tuesday, May 22 nd 1) Read the glaucma article well! It will explain what it is, plus tell yu sme symptms and risk factrs. Yu may want t use a highlighter r pen t mark imprtant

More information

Renal System and Excretion

Renal System and Excretion Renal System and Excretion Biology 105 Lecture 19 Chapter 16 Outline Renal System I. Functions II. Organs of the renal system III. Kidneys 1. Structure 2. Function IV. Nephron 1. Structure 2. Function

More information

DIABETES AND PANCREATIC EXOCRINE INSUFFICIENCY

DIABETES AND PANCREATIC EXOCRINE INSUFFICIENCY YOU AND YOUR BODY DIABETES AND PANCREATIC EXOCRINE INSUFFICIENCY kk WHY IS THIS LEAFLET FOR YOU? Pancreatic excrine insufficiency (PEI) is imprtant t understand in diabetes care due t the changing functins

More information

My Symptoms and Medical History for Adult Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

My Symptoms and Medical History for Adult Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) My Symptms and Medical Histry fr Adult Chrnic Immune Thrmbcytpenia (ITP) Call t talk t a registered nurse 1-855-7Nplate (1-855-767-5283), Mnday Friday, 9:00 AM 9:00 PM ET Indicatin Nplate is a man-made

More information

Structures of the Excretory System include: ü Skin ü Lung ü Liver ü Kidneys ü Ureter ü Urinary Bladder ü Urethra

Structures of the Excretory System include: ü Skin ü Lung ü Liver ü Kidneys ü Ureter ü Urinary Bladder ü Urethra Excretory System Structures of the Excretory System include: ü Skin ü Lung ü Liver ü Kidneys ü Ureter ü Urinary Bladder ü Urethra Function of the Excretory System The function of the excretory system is

More information

Nephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S

Nephron Function and Urine Formation. Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S Nephron Function and Urine Formation Ms. Kula December 1, 2014 Biology 30S The Role of the Nephron In order for the body to properly function and maintain homeostasis, the amount of dissolved substances

More information

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16

Urinary System and Excretion. Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture 20 Chapter 16 1 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of the urinary system

More information

Osmoregulation and the Excretory System

Osmoregulation and the Excretory System Honors Biology Study Guide Chapter 25.4 25.10 Name Osmoregulation and the Excretory System FUNCTIONS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM OSMOREGULATION Freshwater: Marine: Land Animals: Sources of Nitrogenous Wastes?

More information

HYPERTENSION AN OVERVIEW. Compiled by. Campbell M Gold (2008) CMG Archives --()-- IMPORTANT

HYPERTENSION AN OVERVIEW. Compiled by. Campbell M Gold (2008) CMG Archives   --()-- IMPORTANT HYPERTENSION AN OVERVIEW Cmpiled by Campbell M Gld (2008) CMG Archives http://campbellmgld.cm IMPORTANT The health infrmatin cntained herein is nt meant as a substitute fr advice frm yur physician, r ther

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function: Life at the Edge

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Function: Life at the Edge BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 7: Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge Membrane Structure and Functin: Life at the Edge CONCEPTS: 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid msaics f lipids and prteins 7.2 Membrane

More information

Osmoregulation. 19 th March 2012

Osmoregulation. 19 th March 2012 Osmoregulation 19 th March 2012 1 Outline Body Fluid Regulation Aquatic Animals Marine Bony Fish Freshwater Bony Fish Terrestrial Animals Nitrogenous Waste Products Organs of Excretion Urinary System in

More information

CONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

CONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AP BIOLOGY ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #5 NAME DATE HOUR CONTROLLING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT KIDNEY AND NEPHRON NEPHRON FUNCTIONS Animal Form & Function Activity #5 page 1 NEPHRON STRUCTURE NEPHRON

More information

Fifth Year Biology. Excretion. Miss Rochford

Fifth Year Biology. Excretion. Miss Rochford Fifth Year Biology Excretion Miss Rochford In this Topic Excretion in plants Excretion and homeostasis Skin Organs of excretion Urinary system Kidneys Nephron Control of urine volume Characteristics of

More information

Lesson Overview. The Excretory System. Lesson Overview The Excretory System

Lesson Overview. The Excretory System. Lesson Overview The Excretory System Lesson Overview 30.4 THINK ABOUT IT It s a hot day and you gulp down water. As you drink, you begin to wonder. Where s all that water going? Will it just dilute your blood, or is something in your body

More information

Chapter 37 The Skeletal and Muscular System:

Chapter 37 The Skeletal and Muscular System: Chapter 37 The Skeletal and Muscular System: 3.5 Learning Objectives 3.5. Respnses in the human 1. Descriptin f the structure and functins f the skeletn. 2. Label the cmpnent parts f the axial and appendicular

More information

The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division

The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division The Cell Cycle & Cellular Divisin Name: Perid: Date: I. Cell Divisin: All are derived frm preexisting cells (Cell Thery) is the prcess by which cells prduce new cells Cells grw in number, NOT in Smaller

More information

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste:

I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: I. Metabolic Wastes Metabolic Waste: a) Carbon Dioxide: by-product of cellular respiration. b) Water: by-product of cellular respiration & dehydration synthesis reactions. c) Inorganic Salts: by-product

More information

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Percutaneus Nephrlithtmy (PCNL) What is a percutaneus nephrlithtmy? is the mst effective f the cmmnly perfrmed prcedures fr kidney stnes. It is the best prcedure fr large and cmplex stnes. T perfrm this

More information

Your Goal. Animal s Urinary and Osmoregulatory systems. Paragraph 1: Introduction Goal introduce the paper. Paragraph 1: Introduction

Your Goal. Animal s Urinary and Osmoregulatory systems. Paragraph 1: Introduction Goal introduce the paper. Paragraph 1: Introduction Your Goal Animal s Urinary and Osmoregulatory systems l Be able to tell the story of kidney evolution as an essay. Maintenance Introduction Goal introduce the paper l Homeostasis is the of Maintenance

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE Pioglitazone (pie-oh-glit-ah-zohn) and Metformin (met-fore-min) Hydrochloride Tablets USP

MEDICATION GUIDE Pioglitazone (pie-oh-glit-ah-zohn) and Metformin (met-fore-min) Hydrochloride Tablets USP MEDICATION GUIDE Piglitazne (pie-h-glit-ah-zhn) and Metfrmin (met-fore-min) Hydrchlride Tablets USP Read this Medicatin Guide carefully befre yu start taking piglitazne and metfrmin hydrchlride tablets

More information

Excretion Chapter 29. The Mammalian Excretory System consists of. The Kidney. The Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney.

Excretion Chapter 29. The Mammalian Excretory System consists of. The Kidney. The Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney. Excretion Chapter 29 The Mammalian Excretory System consists of The Kidney 1. Vertebrate kidneys perform A. Ion balance B. Osmotic balance C. Blood pressure D. ph balance E. Excretion F. Hormone production

More information

water balance water nitrogen chapter 42

water balance water nitrogen chapter 42 water balance chapter 42 water osmoregulation water and dissolved solutes adjusting the composition of internal body fluids in arthropods -- hemolymph in vertebrates -- interstitial fluid transport epithelia

More information

Unit #4 Waste and Excretion. The Kidneys

Unit #4 Waste and Excretion. The Kidneys Unit #4 Waste and Excretion The Kidneys Renal Hilus (Hilus) the doorway of the kidney Ureter leaves this region blood and lymphatic vessels enter and exit here Renal Capsule (Capsule) smooth fibrous tissue

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE Pioglitazone and Metformin Hydrochloride (PYE o GLI ta zone and met FOR min HYE-droe- KLOR-ide)Tablets, USP

MEDICATION GUIDE Pioglitazone and Metformin Hydrochloride (PYE o GLI ta zone and met FOR min HYE-droe- KLOR-ide)Tablets, USP MEDICATION GUIDE Piglitazne and Metfrmin Hydrchlride (PYE GLI ta zne and met FOR min HYE-dre- KLOR-ide)Tablets, USP Read this Medicatin Guide carefully befre yu start taking piglitazne and metfrmin hydrchlride

More information

Use the following diagram to answer the next question. 1. In the diagram above, pressure filtration occurs in a. W b. X c. Y d. Z

Use the following diagram to answer the next question. 1. In the diagram above, pressure filtration occurs in a. W b. X c. Y d. Z Part A: Multiple Choice Questions Value: 32 Marks Suggested time: 40 minutes Instructions: For each question select the best answer and record your choice on the Scantron card provided. Using an HB pencil,

More information

Understanding Your Total-Cholesterol-to-HDL Ratio

Understanding Your Total-Cholesterol-to-HDL Ratio Understanding Yur Ttal-Chlesterl-t-HDL Rati Yur ttal-chlesterl-t-hdl rati is measured during a bld test called a lipid prfile. This wrksheet will help yu learn mre abut this rati. It will als help yu:

More information

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that mediate slower, but longerlasting. Endocrine system functions more as a regulatory than a command system

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that mediate slower, but longerlasting. Endocrine system functions more as a regulatory than a command system The Endcrine System 1 Tpics Types f cell signalling Fur types f cell signalling (majr) Fur types f hrmnes (majr) Types f hrmnes Hrmne receptrs Majr endcrine glands Majr hrmnes The hypthalamus and pituitary

More information

1A Human Biology Food, Digestion and Associated Body Systems

1A Human Biology Food, Digestion and Associated Body Systems 1A Human Bilgy Fd, Digestin and Assciated Bdy Systems Human Bilgy Fd, Digestin and Assciated Bdy Systems Fd Fd is ne f the basic human needs and the digestive system enables the bdy t cnvert it int a frm

More information

Title: Oct 12 3:37 PM (1 of 39) Ch 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion

Title: Oct 12 3:37 PM (1 of 39) Ch 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Title: Oct 12 3:37 PM (1 of 39) Ch 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Water Balance and Waste Disposal osmoregulation managing water content and solute composition based on movements of solutes excretion

More information

Risk factors in health and disease

Risk factors in health and disease Risk factrs in health and disease Index 1 Intrductin 2 Types f risk factrs 2.1 Behaviural risk factrs 2.2 Psychlgical risk factrs 2.3 Demgraphic risk factrs 2.4 Envirnmental risk factrs 2.5 Genetic risk

More information

Annex III. Amendments to relevant sections of the Product Information

Annex III. Amendments to relevant sections of the Product Information Changes t the Prduct infrmatin as apprved by the CHMP n 13 Octber 2016, pending endrsement by the Eurpean Cmmissin Annex III Amendments t relevant sectins f the Prduct Infrmatin Nte: These amendments t

More information

Rugby Nutrition: Achieving Body Composition Goals Practice Tips

Rugby Nutrition: Achieving Body Composition Goals Practice Tips www.bksmart.cm /BkSmart @BkSmart Rugby Nutritin: Achieving Bdy Cmpsitin Gals Practice Tips Whether yu need t increase r maintain high levels f muscle mass fr strength and pwer, and/r if yu need t lse r

More information

OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION

OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION 1 2 3 4 5 6 OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION OSMOREGULATION Process by which animals control their solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss Freshwater animals show adaptations that reduce water

More information

Frequently Asked Questions: IS RT-Q-PCR Testing

Frequently Asked Questions: IS RT-Q-PCR Testing Questins 1. What is chrnic myelid leukemia (CML)? 2. Hw des smene knw if they have CML? 3. Hw is smene diagnsed with CML? Frequently Asked Questins: IS RT-Q-PCR Testing Answers CML is a cancer f the bld

More information

Chapter 13 The Urinary System

Chapter 13 The Urinary System Biology 12 Name: Urinary System Per: Date: Chapter 13 The Urinary System Complete using BC Biology 12, page 408-435 13.1 The Urinary System pages 412-413 1. As the kidneys produce urine, they carry out

More information

1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z

1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- renal cortex - X- renal medulla Y- renal pelvis collecting center of urine and then

More information

What is excretion? Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste from the body.

What is excretion? Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste from the body. Excretion What is excretion? Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste from the body. Excretion in Plants Plants produce very little waste products. Plants lose oxygen and water vapour through the stomata.

More information

Managing the Symptoms of Stroke

Managing the Symptoms of Stroke Unit 26: Recgnising and Managing the Symptms f Strke Unit reference number: F/616/7312 Level: 2 Unit type: Optinal Credit value: 3 Guided learning hurs: 28 Unit summary A strke can be a life-threatening

More information

DEMENTIA. DESCRIPTION: a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain, which causes impairment of thinking and memory

DEMENTIA. DESCRIPTION: a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain, which causes impairment of thinking and memory DEMENTIA Dementia a syndrme cnsisting f a number f symptms including lss f memry, judgment and reasning, and changes in md and behavir the changes may affect a persn's ability t functin at wrk, in scial

More information

LESSON OBJECTIVES & STANDARDS:

LESSON OBJECTIVES & STANDARDS: Page 1 LESSON TITLE: LESSON DESCRIPTION: This Jepardy-style review game challenges students by reviewing all f the cncepts cvered in the What s Yur Balance? elearning Kit. Teen guide Jasn will intrduce

More information

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion Animal Life and Excretion Harder for multicellular organisms Internal circulation Coordination, information transfer Structural maintenance Movement Maintenance of homeostatic internal environment 15 July

More information

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretion. Chapter 36

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretion. Chapter 36 Body Fluid Regulation and Excretion Chapter 36 Excretion The excretory system monitors the concentration of body fluids and removes harmful or waste substances from the body Water, nutrients and minerals

More information

NFS284 Lecture 3. How much of a nutrient is required to maintain health? Types and amounts of foods to maintain health

NFS284 Lecture 3. How much of a nutrient is required to maintain health? Types and amounts of foods to maintain health NFS284 Lecture 3 Chapter 2: Nutritin: Guidelines: Applying the Science f Nutritin 2.1 Nutritin Recmmendatin fr the Canadian Diet Nutrient-based apprach Hw much f a nutrient is required t maintain health?

More information

Exercise Physiology CardioRespiratory Trimester 2. Exercise Physiology Cardiorespiratory Study Guide

Exercise Physiology CardioRespiratory Trimester 2. Exercise Physiology Cardiorespiratory Study Guide Exercise Physilgy CardiRespiratry Trimester 2 Cardivascular System Exercise Physilgy Cardirespiratry Study Guide 1. Be able t label the structures f the heart (chambers, vessels, valves) and the pattern

More information

Outline Urinary System

Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Lecture Packet 20 Chapter 16 Outline Urinary System I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure B. Urine formation 1. Hormonal regulation

More information

Ch17-18 Urinary System

Ch17-18 Urinary System Ch17-18 Urinary System Main Function: Filter the blood Other Functions: maintain purity and consistency of internal fluids eliminates nitrogenous wastes, toxins, and drugs from the body regulates blood

More information

Chapter 32 Excretion

Chapter 32 Excretion Chapter 32 Excretion 3.4 Learning Objectives 3.4.6 The Excretory System in Humans 1. Role of the excretory system in homeostasis. 2. Importance of temperature regulation within the body. 3. Outline the

More information

MEDICATION GUIDE. (canagliflozin) Tablets

MEDICATION GUIDE. (canagliflozin) Tablets MEDICATION GUIDE INVOKANA (in-v-kahn-uh) (canagliflzin) Tablets What is the mst imprtant infrmatin I shuld knw abut INVOKANA? INVOKANA can cause imprtant side effects, including: Dehydratin. INVOKANA can

More information

Influenza (Flu) Fact Sheet

Influenza (Flu) Fact Sheet Influenza (Flu) Fact Sheet What is the flu? The flu is a cntagius respiratry illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild t severe illness, and at times can lead t death. Sme peple, such as lder

More information

Obesity/Morbid Obesity/BMI

Obesity/Morbid Obesity/BMI Obesity/mrbid besity/bdy mass index (adult) Obesity/Mrbid Obesity/BMI Definitins and backgrund Diagnsis cde assignment is based n the prvider s clinical judgment and crrespnding medical recrd dcumentatin

More information

QUESTIONSHEET 1. Read through the following passage on homeostasis and then answer the questions.

QUESTIONSHEET 1. Read through the following passage on homeostasis and then answer the questions. QUESTIONSHEET 1 Read through the following passage on homeostasis and then answer the questions. Homeostasis is the regulation of the internal environment within narrow limits. This gives the organism

More information

CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES.! BIOL1040 University of Queensland

CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES.! BIOL1040 University of Queensland CELLS TO ORGANISMS LECTURE NOTES BIOL1040 University f Queensland BIOL1040 Cells t rganisms Lecture Ntes Cntents Mdule 1 Principles f Cell Functin... 2 Lecture 1: Membrane Structure and Functin 1... 2

More information

PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION

PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION Pr ZERIT Stavudine This leaflet is Part III f a three-part Prduct Mngaph published when ZERIT was apprved fr sale in Canada and is designed specifically

More information

Topic 1: Cell Biology (Student) Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure that prokaryotes.

Topic 1: Cell Biology (Student) Essential Idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure that prokaryotes. Tpic 1: Cell Bilgy (Student) 1.2 Essential Idea: Eukarytes have a much mre cmplex cell structure that prkarytes. 1.2 Intrductin t Cells i. Prkarytes have a simple cell structure withut cmpartmentalizatin.

More information

Excretion: is the removal of waste products formed by metabolism, out of the body

Excretion: is the removal of waste products formed by metabolism, out of the body Excretion in Humans Excretion: is the removal of waste products formed by metabolism, out of the body Accumulation of wastes in the cells would affect the normal functioning of the cells By getting rid

More information

A. Correct! Flushing acids from the system will assist in re-establishing the acid-base equilibrium in the blood.

A. Correct! Flushing acids from the system will assist in re-establishing the acid-base equilibrium in the blood. OAT Biology - Problem Drill 16: The Urinary System Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following would solve a drop in blood ph? Question #01 (A) Decreased retention of acids. (B) Increased excretion

More information

Urine Alkalinization. Passawat Na Nakorn, MD. R 3 Emergency Medicine

Urine Alkalinization. Passawat Na Nakorn, MD. R 3 Emergency Medicine Urine Alkalinizatin Passawat Na Nakrn, MD. R 3 Emergency Medicine H + secretin HCO 3 - reabsrptin Mechanism Alkalinizatin f the urine increases urinary excretin f weak acids different frms f the acid have

More information

Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Blood Glucose Monitoring

Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Blood Glucose Monitoring Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Sessin Bld Glucse Mnitring Reviewed & ratified by: Dr V Taylr-Jnes, Cnsultant Anaesthetist Ms C Tierney, HARC Elements discussed with Ms Lesley Lamen, Diabetic Nurse Specialist

More information