URINANLYSIS. Pre-Lab Guide

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "URINANLYSIS. Pre-Lab Guide"

Transcription

1 URINANLYSIS Pre-Lab Guide NOTE: A very useful Study Guide! This Pre-lab guide takes you through the important concepts that where discussed in the lab videos. There will be some conceptual questions on the lab practical it will not be all anatomy! So, besides knowing the models, dissections and slides, make sure you know the following: Study Guide Check Your Knowledge, before the Practical: 1. Know all terms/definitions outlined in this guide, especially those related to clinical conditions. 2. Know why we visually examine urine, and what the term turbidity means, Understand dehydration. 3. Know how to read a Chemstrip. 4. Know what specific gravity is, and be able to define it. 5. Be able to ID RBCs, WBCs, and hyaline casts 6. Understand the concepts outlined in Clinical Considerations Also, answer the questions at the end of this document. I will make the questions available individually.

2 I. Urinalysis: Visual Inspection and the Chemstrip Visual Inspection We will be doing some very basic visual analysis in lab:. Chemstrip COLOR: Urine comes in many colors. See 1 st yellow box for some examples (no, you are not responsible for these!). All we will be looking at is different shades of yellow, which usually indicates dehydration. TURBIDITY: This refers to how clear the urine is. See 2 nd yellow box for some examples (no, you are not responsible for these!). We will also provide instruction for performing a chemical analysis using a urine dipstick. The testing may consist of any or all of the following: ph, protein (as a semi-quantitative analysis), glucose, bilirubin, ketones, hemoglobin (blood), urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocytes (leukocyte esterase) and specific gravity. Some examples of Urine Color, and possible causes: RED, ORANGE UTI, hemoglobinuria, kidney stones, Beets, Blackberries, laxatives, many medications BLACK, BROWN Fava beans, some plastics, hemolytic anemia, many medications GREEN Asparagus, black licorice, porphyruria, some medications PURPLE, BLUE Gram negative UTI, porphyria, herbicide ingestion URINE WHITE Albuminuria, proteinuria, pus Some things that will make urine cloudy/turbid: Heat exposure or dehydration Pregnancy Urinary tract infection Bladder cancer Kidney problems Inflammation or infection of the prostate gland Sexually transmitted diseases Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and heart failure Certain autoimmune diseases Diabetes Sickle cell anemia Leukemia Lymphoma Know these terms for lecture and lab: Anuria Dysuria Proteinuria Glycosuria Hematuria Pyuria Ketonuria Albuminuria Urinary nitrites Pyelitis

3 II. Urinalysis: The Specific Gravity Using a refractometer to measure specific gravity. Specific gravity measures urine density or the ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute the urine over that a plasma. Specific gravity is directly proportional to urine osmolality, which measure solute concentration. In other words, specific gravity = density sample density pure water The sample is always denser than pure water, so the number is always greater than 1. By User:Kandschwar (Own work) [CC BY-SA 2.0 de ( via Wikimedia Commons Specific gravity should be between and on a random sample of urine. Any measurement below this range indicates hydration, and any measurement above indicates dehydration. If specific gravity is below (that is more like pure water), without having ingested any food or water for 12 hours, renal concentrating abilities are impaired, and the patient is losing water in the patient either has generalized renal impairment or diabetes insipidus. Any urine having a specific gravity over is either contaminated (something else has entered their urine, such as dye), or contains very high levels of glucose (glucosuria). III. Microscopic Exam of Urine Red Blood Cells Hematuria is the presence of abnormal numbers of red cells in urine due to: Urinary tract infections (UTI), glomerular damage, kidney trauma, urinary tract stones, etc. White Blood Cells Pyuria (pus in urine) refers to the presence of abnormal numbers of leukocytes that may appear with infection in either the upper or lower urinary tract or more severe kidney disease, such as acute glomerulonephritis. Usually, the WBC's are granulocytes, and their nuclei can be seen. White cells from the vagina, especially in the presence of vaginal and cervical infections, or the external urethral meatus in men and women may contaminate the urine. This will be confirmed with the urinalysis sticks.

4 Casts LOTS of substances can clump together or crystalize and form casts in the urine. Some are benign, others indicate severe kidney damage. We will only talk about a couple, and how they relate to UTIs RBC can clump together and form casts. An absence of casts does not rule out renal disease. Casts may be absent or very few in cases of chronic, progressive, generalized nephritis. Even in cases of acute renal disease, casts can be few or absent in a single sample since they tend be shed intermittently. Furthermore, casts are unstable in urine and are prone to dissolution with time, especially in dilute and/or alkaline urine. Look at these cast on the wall charts: RBC: The presence of this red blood cell cast in on urine microscopic analysis suggests a bacterial infection (UTI), tubular injury (e.g.: kidney stones) or more sever glomerular or renal tubular injury. RBC often clump together and form a cast. WBC: Pus in the urine. Possibly from a UTI, tubular injury, or a more serious problem. Hyaline or Protein casts: The factors which favor protein cast formation are low glomerular filtration rate, high salt concentration, and low ph, all of which favor protein denaturation and precipitation. Hyaline casts can be seen even in healthy patients. IV. Clinical Considerations I mentioned along the way: A high number of red blood cells may mean that you have kidney disease, urinary tract infection, a drug reaction, or cancer. A high number of white blood cells may mean that you have an infection or inflammation in your urinary tract. A high number of eosinophils may mean that you have problems in your urinary tract. A high number of certain kidney cells may mean that you have kidney damage. Substances created in the kidney, called casts, can suggest different diseases. Hyaline casts are common among healthy people. Glycosuria alone does not mean the person has diabetes. Ketonuria will also be present. People without diabetes can also have ketones in the urine if their body is using fat for fuel instead of glucose. This can happen with chronic vomiting, extreme exercise, lowcarbohydrate diets, or eating disorders. Pyelitis (Pus) often means a UTI. The presence of Nitrites is the gold standard test for the presence of a bacterial infection (gram negative). The actual presence of bacterial is often missed. RBCs and WBCs are often also present.

5 Q1. 2 parts: Define Specific gravity. Tell me what we are determining when we look at the specific gravity of urine. Q2. Name the presence of an elevated amount of in the urine: Glucose: Protein: Albumin: Ketones: Pus: RBCs: Q3. If you are suspicious of diabetes mellitus that is not being controlled by the patient, you should look for elevated levels of both glucose and in the urine test: Q4. What is pyelitis? If you are suspicious of a UTI, you should look for what in the urine test? Name 4 commonly found things. Also, what will the urine look and smell like (possibly)? Q5. People on a high protein diet might exhibit what in their urine? Q6. What layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids? Q7. What is the smooth semitransparent membrane that adheres tightly to the outer surface of the kidney? Q8. What is the area of the kidney where the renal blood vessels and ureter are attached to the kidney. Q9. What are the calyces? How would you describe their function?

Digestive Anatomy Lab System Overview

Digestive Anatomy Lab System Overview Digestive Anatomy Lab System Overview In-Lab Exercises Read Me This is a very diverse lab. We will be looking at the gross anatomy of the urinary tract, the microscopic anatomy on both models and slides,

More information

The Urinary System. Lab Exercise 38. Objectives. Introduction

The Urinary System. Lab Exercise 38. Objectives. Introduction Lab Exercise The Urinary System Objectives - Be able to identify the structures of the urinary system and give their function - Be able to recognize the gross anatomy of the kidney - Identify the components

More information

GENERAL URINE EXAMINATION (URINE ANALYSIS)

GENERAL URINE EXAMINATION (URINE ANALYSIS) GENERAL URINE EXAMINATION (URINE ANALYSIS) Physiology Lab-8 December, 2018 Lect. Asst. Zakariya A. Mahdi MSc Pharmacology Background Urine (from Latin Urina,) is a typically sterile liquid by-product of

More information

BCH472 [Practical] 1

BCH472 [Practical] 1 BCH472 [Practical] 1 Physical Examination Chemical Examination 2 ph Color Specific Gravity Volume Odor Appearance Acidic: -Diabetic Ketoacidosis. -Starvation. -UTIs (E. coli). Alkaline: -UTIs (ureasplitting

More information

CJ Shuster A&P2 Lab Addenum Urinanalysis 1. Urinanalysis

CJ Shuster A&P2 Lab Addenum Urinanalysis 1. Urinanalysis CJ Shuster A&P2 Lab Addenum Urinanalysis 1 Urinanalysis PLEASE NOTE: The actual urinanalysis goes rather quickly. You may want to skip directly to the Lab Exercise, collect data, and read the Introduction

More information

It s not just water! What is Urinalysis?

It s not just water! What is Urinalysis? It s not just water! An introduction to Urinalysis What is Urinalysis? Urinalysis or the analysis of urine is one of the oldest laboratory procedures in the practice of medicine. It is a good test for

More information

Detection and Estimation of Some Abnormal Constituents. Amal Alamri

Detection and Estimation of Some Abnormal Constituents. Amal Alamri Detection and Estimation of Some Abnormal Constituents Amal Alamri Lecture Over view Abnormal constituent of urine Urine analysis Experiments Physical Chemical Micro/Macro 1-Detection of some abnormal

More information

PRINCIPLE OF URINALYSIS

PRINCIPLE OF URINALYSIS PRINCIPLE OF URINALYSIS Vanngarm Gonggetyai Objective Can explain : the abnormalities detected in urine Can perform : routine urinalysis Can interprete : the results of urinalysis Examination of urine

More information

Physical Characteristics of

Physical Characteristics of Physical Characteristics of Urine Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The urinary system s ability to filter the blood resides in about 2 to 3 million tufts of specialized capillaries the glomeruli distributed more or

More information

Assisting in the Analysis of Urine. Copyright 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assisting in the Analysis of Urine. Copyright 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Assisting in the Analysis of Urine Urinalysis Why is Urine is analyzed? To detect extrinsic conditions those in which the kidney is functioning normally, but abnormal end-products of metabolism are excreted

More information

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DETECTION OF NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DETECTION OF NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DETECTION OF NORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE - OBJECTIVES: 1- The simple examination of urine. 2- To detect some of the normal organic constituents of urine. 3- To detect some of the

More information

Science of Veterinary Medicine. Urinary System Unit Handouts

Science of Veterinary Medicine. Urinary System Unit Handouts Science of Veterinary Medicine Urinary System Unit Handouts Urinary System Functions of the Urinary System Elimination of waste products Regulate aspects of homeostasis Organs of the Urinary system The

More information

LABORATORY 5: The Complete Urinalysis

LABORATORY 5: The Complete Urinalysis LABORATORY 5: The Complete Urinalysis Notes 1. This lab combines the objectives and activities of the macroscopic and microscopic lab activities. Students are expected to review those labs for reference.

More information

Light yellow to dark golden yellow Clear ph range Specific gravity Sediments

Light yellow to dark golden yellow Clear ph range Specific gravity Sediments #11 Objectives: Understand specific gravity and identify normal specific gravity values for urine Learn to use a urine hydrometer to measure specific gravity Define specific gravity and identify normal

More information

Clinical Laboratory Science: Urinalysis

Clinical Laboratory Science: Urinalysis Clinical Laboratory Science: Urinalysis Urine is produced by the kidney to maintain constant plasma osmotic concentration; to regulate ph, electrolyte and fluid balances and to excrete some 50 grams of

More information

By Sandipkumar Kanazariya. Tuesday, December 11,

By Sandipkumar Kanazariya. Tuesday, December 11, By Sandipkumar Kanazariya Tuesday, December 11, 2018 1 Under pathological conditions urine excreted by patient shows the presence of abnormal constituents along with normal constituents. Abnormal constituents

More information

URINE DIPSTICK AND SULPHOSALICYLIC ACID TEST. Špela Borštnar UREX 2015, Ljubljana, Slovenia

URINE DIPSTICK AND SULPHOSALICYLIC ACID TEST. Špela Borštnar UREX 2015, Ljubljana, Slovenia URINE DIPSTICK AND SULPHOSALICYLIC ACID TEST Špela Borštnar UREX 2015, Ljubljana, Slovenia KIDNEY DISEASE? severity of kidney disease = estimating GFR cause of kidney disease = urinalysis URINE EXAMINATION

More information

How to interpret your urine sample results

How to interpret your urine sample results How to interpret your urine sample results Chronic UTI Info Factsheet Series Once you have submitted your urine sample for analysis, it will be sent off to the local laboratory or hospital laboratory if

More information

How to interpret your urine sample results

How to interpret your urine sample results How to interpret your urine sample results Chronic UTI Info Factsheet Series Once you have submitted your urine sample for analysis, it will be sent off to the local laboratory or hospital laboratory if

More information

Chapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine

Chapter 23. Composition and Properties of Urine Chapter 23 Composition and Properties of Urine Composition and Properties of Urine (1 of 2) urinalysis the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine appearance - clear, almost colorless

More information

Urinary System. Analyze the Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system

Urinary System. Analyze the Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system Urinary System Analyze the Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system Kidney Bean-shaped Located between peritoneum and the back muscles (retroperitoneal) Renal pelvis funnelshaped structure at the beginning

More information

Microscopic Examination of Urine

Microscopic Examination of Urine Download http://www.vetlab.com/kova.htm Definition of urine sediment: all solid materials suspended in the urine - a semiquantative evaluation of the urine sediment Significance of formed elements in the

More information

Urine analysis. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik

Urine analysis. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Urine analysis By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Functions of Renal system Excretory functions Metabolic waste Drug clearance Toxin clearance Urea, Creatinin Regulatory functions Water balance Blood / urine

More information

I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a.

I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a. I. Anatomy of the Urinary System A. Kidneys 1. Right lower than Left* 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Layers that secure kidneys in the abdominal cavity a. Renal fascia b. Perinephric fat (Adipose) capsule c. Fibrous

More information

KIDNEY Locate the following structures on the sheep kidney and human kidney models: pelvis

KIDNEY Locate the following structures on the sheep kidney and human kidney models: pelvis 159 Lab 11: Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology, Reproductive System Anatomy Unit 15: Urinary System Unit 16: Reproductive Systems Cat Dissection: Photo Atlas, Chapter 19 Ex. 15-1: Urinary System Anatomy,

More information

RENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture

RENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture #Clinical Chemistry RENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture Dr. Kakul Husain # The Kidney Kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of fist, located near the middle of the back, just below the ribs cage.

More information

Urine bench. Urine test for: SARAH Sugar

Urine bench. Urine test for: SARAH Sugar Urine bench Urine test for: Sugar It's normal to occasionally have a small amount of sugar in your urine during pregnancy, but if you have elevated levels at a couple of prenatal visits in a row or a very

More information

Lecture 7. The Urinary System

Lecture 7. The Urinary System Lecture 7 The Urinary System Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning The Urinary System The urinary system removes wastes from the body The urinary system also maintains homeostasis or a constant internal

More information

Topic Objectives. Physical Examination LECTURE MODULE 3; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE. Appearance. Odor Specific Gravity Volume

Topic Objectives. Physical Examination LECTURE MODULE 3; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE. Appearance. Odor Specific Gravity Volume LECTURE MODULE 3; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE Topic Objectives 1. Identify the colors which commonly associated with abnormal urine. 2. State two possible causes for urine turbidity in a sample that

More information

Taking a dip into urinalysis

Taking a dip into urinalysis Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Taking a dip into urinalysis Author : Christine Jameison Categories : RVNs Date : July 1, 2009 Christine Jameison RVN, probes

More information

Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology

Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology I. David Weiner, M.D. C. Craig and Audrae Tisher Chair in Nephrology Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida College

More information

Urinary System Part of the Excretory System

Urinary System Part of the Excretory System Urinary System Part of the Excretory System Bellwork **only write the term and underlined definition INCONTINENCE involuntary urination, often seem in older persons, or due to illness and disease ENURESIS

More information

Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome.

Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Disturbances in urine volume oliguria, anuria, polyuria Abnormalities of urine sediment red

More information

Application Note. Light Microscopic Analysis of Urine ZEISS Primo Star and ZEISS Axio Lab.A1

Application Note. Light Microscopic Analysis of Urine ZEISS Primo Star and ZEISS Axio Lab.A1 Application Note Light Microscopic Analysis of Urine ZEISS Primo Star and ZEISS Axio Lab.A1 Application Note Light Microscopic Analysis of Urine ZEISS Primo Star and ZEISS Axio Lab.A1 Author: Carl Zeiss

More information

Squamous epithelial cells in urine 0-5

Squamous epithelial cells in urine 0-5 Toggle navigation Squamous epithelial cells in urine 0-5 13-10-2017 Finding epithelial cells in urine is a diagnostic result found during urinalysis and may raise some red flags for physicians to several

More information

Hematuria. Ramzi El-Baroudy (ESPNT)

Hematuria. Ramzi El-Baroudy (ESPNT) Hematuria Ramzi El-Baroudy (ESPNT) Hematuria is the presence of RBCs in urine. If the amount of blood in urine is big enough, the urine will, then, look red. Something which is, undoubtedly, terrifying.

More information

Assessment of urine of a bovine patient

Assessment of urine of a bovine patient Commonwealth of Australia Copyright regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been copied and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Adelaide pursuant of Part VB of the Copyright Act

More information

Chapter 14 The Urinary System. Anatomy

Chapter 14 The Urinary System. Anatomy Chapter 14 The Urinary System Anatomy 14.1 Overview Role in removal of wastes to maintain homeostasis Acts as filtering system of the blood Produces urine Removes wastes, maintains ph, electrolyte composition,

More information

Sample collection. night break 6-8 h first morning sample dry, sterile container clean genital area mid-stream 2 hrs: collection - test

Sample collection. night break 6-8 h first morning sample dry, sterile container clean genital area mid-stream 2 hrs: collection - test Urinalysis Sample collection night break 6-8 h first morning sample dry, sterile container clean genital area mid-stream 2 hrs: collection - test if it s immpossible store in the fridge (+4C) (up to 24

More information

Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg. Unit Outline. Chemical Exam of Urine. Unit 3. Reagent strip manufactures

Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg. Unit Outline. Chemical Exam of Urine. Unit 3. Reagent strip manufactures Urinalysis and Body Fluids CRg Unit 3 Chemical Examination of Urine Part 1 Overview of Procedure & ph Unit Outline Introduction to reagent strip testing ph Glucose & Carbohydrates Ketones Protein Bilirubin

More information

EXERCISE 11: MACROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE

EXERCISE 11: MACROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE EXERCISE 11: MACROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE Skills: 30 points Objectives: 1. State the specimen of choice for chemical analysis of urine. 2. List two macroscopic observations of urine and

More information

The Minimum Diagnostic Database: Urinalysis

The Minimum Diagnostic Database: Urinalysis The Minimum Diagnostic Database: Urinalysis Jeff Niziolek, DVM Professional Services Veterinarian IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. 208 Bay Meadows Drive Holland, MI 49424 The minimum database includes three types

More information

SCBM343- Urinalysis. Associate Professor Dr. Wannee Jiraungkoorskul. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

SCBM343- Urinalysis. Associate Professor Dr. Wannee Jiraungkoorskul. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University SCBM343- Urinalysis Associate Professor Dr. Wannee Jiraungkoorskul Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Tel: 02-201-5563, E-mail: wannee.jir@mahidol.ac.th 1 OBJECTIVES 1.

More information

Nephrology - the study of the kidney. Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system

Nephrology - the study of the kidney. Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system Urinary System Nephrology - the study of the kidney Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system Functions of the Urinary System 1. Regulation

More information

More than 100 different tests can be done on urine. A regular urinalysis often includes the following tests:

More than 100 different tests can be done on urine. A regular urinalysis often includes the following tests: Urine Test Table of Contents Test Overview Why It Is Done How To Prepare How It Is Done How It Feels Risks Results What Affects the Test What To Think About References Credits Test Overview A urine test

More information

Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Nephropathy Outline Introduction of diabetic nephropathy Manifestations of diabetic nephropathy Staging of diabetic nephropathy Microalbuminuria Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy Treatment of

More information

Urinary System. Unit 6.12 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.12 (7 th Edition)

Urinary System. Unit 6.12 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.12 (7 th Edition) Urinary System Unit 6.12 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.12 (7 th Edition) 1 Learning Objectives Identify the major organs of the urinary system and their functions. Explain the major functions of the kidneys.

More information

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 25.1 Using Figure 25.1, match the following: 1) Glomerulus. 2) Afferent arteriole. 3)

More information

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Danil Hammoudi.MD RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Danil Hammoudi.MD Functions Regulating blood ionic composition Regulating blood ph Regulating blood volume Regulating blood pressure Produce calcitrol and erythropoietin Regulating blood

More information

Michelle Moy, MAd Ed, MT(ASCP)SC Program Director Clinical Laboratory Science Program Loyola University Chicago, Illinois

Michelle Moy, MAd Ed, MT(ASCP)SC Program Director Clinical Laboratory Science Program Loyola University Chicago, Illinois Reviewers Lorraine Doucette, MS, MLS(ASCP)CM Associate Professor and Medical Laboratory Technician Program Coordinator Anne Arundel Community College Arnold, Maryland Pamela B. Lonergan, MS, MT(ASCP)SC

More information

LABORATORY 3: Microscopic Urinalysis

LABORATORY 3: Microscopic Urinalysis LABORATORY 3: Microscopic Urinalysis Objectives Upon completion of this laboratory exercise, the student will be able to: 1. Perform microscopic examinations on a minimum of five urine specimens, obtaining

More information

Pediatric GU Dysfunction

Pediatric GU Dysfunction Pediatric GU Dysfunction Assessment of pediatric renal function Signs and symptoms Laboratory tests Radiological tests Nursing considerations Psychosocial and developmental considerations GU Disorders

More information

Urinalysis (Testing Urine Samples)

Urinalysis (Testing Urine Samples) Name: Date: Period: Urinalysis (Testing Urine Samples) Case Studies: Patient 1: Patient 2: Patient 3: Patient 4: Mr. Bob has normal looking urine. He has regular yearly checkups and has no visible symptoms.

More information

Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Urinalysis

Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Urinalysis Year 1 MBChB Clinical Skills Session Urinalysis Reviewed & ratified by: Dr V Taylor-Jones & Ms C Tierney. Urinalysis Aims and Objectives Aim: For the student to be able to safely conduct a urinalysis on

More information

Ward s. Stimulating Urinalysis Lab Activity Student Study Guide. Background

Ward s. Stimulating Urinalysis Lab Activity Student Study Guide. Background Ward s Stimulating Urinalysis Lab Activity Student Study Guide Background Recognition of the presence of disease is based to some extend on the existence of objective signs or recognizable abnormalities

More information

URINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys II. Nephron Unit and Urine Formation

URINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys II. Nephron Unit and Urine Formation URINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys A. Location and Structure 1. Retroperitoneal 2. Between T12 and L3 3. Rt. kidney slightly lower 4. Two bean shaped organs 5. Adrenal gland 6. Internal construction a. Renal cortex

More information

Urinalysis (Macroscopic( Chemical Tests) ) Background. Ishihara Color Blindness Tests 12/22/2012. Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari DCLS, PhD

Urinalysis (Macroscopic( Chemical Tests) ) Background. Ishihara Color Blindness Tests 12/22/2012. Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari DCLS, PhD Urinalysis (Macroscopic( Chemical Tests) ) Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari DCLS, PhD Background Routine chemical examination of urine has changed dramatically since the early days of urine testing, owing to the

More information

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan Urinary Tract Infections-1 Normal urine is sterile in urinary bladder.. It contains fluids,

More information

THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS

THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine. Vol. LXIII (2) ISSN 2065-1295; ISSN 2343-9394 (CD-ROM); ISSN 2067-3663 (Online); ISSN-L 2065-1295 THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS Alexandra

More information

12/7/10. Excretory System. The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by:

12/7/10. Excretory System. The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by: Excretory System The basic function of the excretory system is to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by: o o removing wastes returning needed substances to the body for reuse Body systems

More information

A. History Urinalysis is the oldest lab test still being performed today

A. History Urinalysis is the oldest lab test still being performed today III. THE ROUTINE URINALYSIS A. History Urinalysis is the oldest lab test still being performed today 1. Cave man noted change in urine properties associated with disease 2. Babylonians and Egyptians noted

More information

Poor Predictive Ability of Urinalysis and Microscopic Examination to Detect Urinary Tract Infection

Poor Predictive Ability of Urinalysis and Microscopic Examination to Detect Urinary Tract Infection Microbiology and Infectious Disease / POOR PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF URINALYSIS Poor Predictive Ability of Urinalysis and Microscopic Examination to Detect Urinary Tract Infection Joy D. Van Nostrand, MS,

More information

The Urinary System. Maintenance Systems Unit 5

The Urinary System. Maintenance Systems Unit 5 The Urinary System Maintenance Systems Unit 5 Basic Functions of the Urinary System Regulates the composition and volume of the blood by removing and restoring selected amounts of water and solutes. Eliminates

More information

Day 1 Bell Work We will be discussing one of FIVE excretory organs in the human body. We have already studied four of them. The kidneys are considered

Day 1 Bell Work We will be discussing one of FIVE excretory organs in the human body. We have already studied four of them. The kidneys are considered URINARY SYSTEM 1 Day 1 Bell Work We will be discussing one of FIVE excretory organs in the human body. We have already studied four of them. The kidneys are considered the main organ in the excretory system.

More information

MODULE 5: HEMATURIA LEARNING OBJECTIVES DEFINITION. KEY WORDS: Hematuria, Cystoscopy, Urine Cytology, UTI, bladder cancer

MODULE 5: HEMATURIA LEARNING OBJECTIVES DEFINITION. KEY WORDS: Hematuria, Cystoscopy, Urine Cytology, UTI, bladder cancer MODULE 5: HEMATURIA KEY WORDS: Hematuria, Cystoscopy, Urine Cytology, UTI, bladder cancer LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this clerkship, the learner will be able to: 1. Define microscopic hematuria.

More information

RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY

RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY Peter McCue, M.D. Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology Sidney Kimmel Medical College There are no conflicts of interest. 1 Goals and Objectives! Goals Provide introduction

More information

Routine urine examination

Routine urine examination Routine urine examination 尿常规检查 Huawei Liang, PhD E-mail: hwliang99@163.com Objectives To examine urine for the presence of normal and abnormal constituents by routine urine analysis Principles Urine formation

More information

RELEASES TOXIC FUMES!

RELEASES TOXIC FUMES! Name(s): Block: Date: Urinary System Lab Activity: Urinalysis Background: Urinalysis, the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis or examination of urine can provide information about a person s carbohydrate

More information

Urinary system. Lab-7

Urinary system. Lab-7 Urinary system Lab-7 Excretion: processes that remove wastes and excess materials from the body Urinary system (kidneys): excretes nitrogenous wastes, excess solutes, and water The Kidneys Regulate Water

More information

LAB 10: RENAL FUNCTION

LAB 10: RENAL FUNCTION Page 10.1 LAB 10: RENAL FUNCTION The renal system is comprised of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. This system has many functions, the most obvious are the creation, storage and excretion

More information

URINARY SYSTEM CHAPTER 28 I ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. Student Name

URINARY SYSTEM CHAPTER 28 I ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. Student Name Student Name CHAPTER 28 URINARY SYSTEM L iving produces wastes. Wherever people live or work or play, wastes accumulate. To keep these areas healthy, there must be a method of disposing of these wastes

More information

The Excretory System

The Excretory System The Excretory System The excretory system The excretory system includes the skin, lungs and kidneys which all release metabolic wastes from the body. The kidneys, skin and the lungs are the principle organs

More information

Graphics by Emily Itoku URINE IS USEFUL! Urine as a Diagnostic Tool. Kendall Itoku St. Louis Urological Surgeons

Graphics by Emily Itoku URINE IS USEFUL! Urine as a Diagnostic Tool. Kendall Itoku St. Louis Urological Surgeons Graphics by Emily Itoku URINE IS USEFUL! Urine as a Diagnostic Tool Kendall Itoku St. Louis Urological Surgeons Lecture Objectives Review the urinalysis Dipstick and Microscopic analysis Diagnostic uses

More information

Reproductive System: Male

Reproductive System: Male Reproductive System Reproductive System: Male Produces new life Same types of organs for males and females Gonads, or sex glands Male organs located mainly outside of body Testes The male gonads Located

More information

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Learning Objectives Identify signs and symptoms that may indicate presence of UTI (both complicated and uncomplicated) List common causative organisms and risk factors for UTIs

More information

Pathological components of urine

Pathological components of urine Pathological components of urine Physical examination of urine colour of urine very bright, colourless yellow-brown orange cause polyuria with enormous drink, diabetes mellitus, kidney failure water deficiency,

More information

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan Urinary Tract Infections-1 Normal urine is sterile.. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products,

More information

Ch17-18 Urinary System

Ch17-18 Urinary System Ch17-18 Urinary System Main Function: Filter the blood Other Functions: maintain purity and consistency of internal fluids eliminates nitrogenous wastes, toxins, and drugs from the body regulates blood

More information

Nursing Care for Children with Genitourinary Dysfunction I

Nursing Care for Children with Genitourinary Dysfunction I Nursing Care for Children with Genitourinary Dysfunction I 1 Assessment of renal function Clinical manifestations Laboratory tests Urinalysis Urine culture and sensitivity Renal/bladder ultrasound Testicular

More information

OST Course Schedule

OST Course Schedule OST 572 2017 Course Schedule Updated 03/06/2017 (aes) Week 1 Monday March 13, 2017 7:30-7:45 Course Syllabus /Schedule and announcements (posted on D2L) Kaufman Self Study Tuesday, March 14, 2017 1 Course

More information

THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS

THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 6, Number 2, 2017 ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 THE PREVALENCE OF HEMATURIA IN DOGS AND CATS Alexandra Mihaela POPA,

More information

BACTERIAL CULTURE, URINE

BACTERIAL CULTURE, URINE 789.00-789.09 ABDOMINAL PAIN 789.60-789.69 ABDOMINAL TENDERNESS 276.2 ACIDOSIS 570 ACUTE AND SUBACUTE NECROSIS OF LIVER 580.0-580.9 ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 780.97 ALTERED MENTAL STATUS V44.50-V44.6 ARTIFICIAL

More information

Urine. Dr.Mohamed Saad Daoud

Urine. Dr.Mohamed Saad Daoud Urine 1 Reference Books: Urinanalysis and body fluids (Susan King Strasinger- Marjorie Schaub De Lorenzo) Fifth edition Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry (Tietz) Sixth edition 2 Urine: Sterile fluid (in

More information

Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN)

Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN) Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN) A simple, inexpensive screening test a routine urinalysis is often the first test conducted if kidney problems are suspected. A small, randomly collected urine

More information

Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Tract Infections Introduction A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection of the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbes, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Microbes are organisms

More information

References Required document for Laboratory Accreditation by the College of American Pathologists.

References Required document for Laboratory Accreditation by the College of American Pathologists. Subject Urinalysis Clinitek Advantus Regional Index Number Lab-1589 Section Laboratory Subsection Regional Clinic / Affiliate Hospital Laboratories Category Departmental Contact Elizabeth A Kamprud Last

More information

Urinalysis Made Easy: The Complete Urinalysis with Images from a Fully Automated Analyzer

Urinalysis Made Easy: The Complete Urinalysis with Images from a Fully Automated Analyzer Urinalysis Made Easy: The Complete Urinalysis with Images from a Fully Automated Analyzer A. Rick Alleman, DVM, PhD, DABVP, DACVP Lighthouse Veterinary Consultants, LLC Gainesville, FL Ideal conditions

More information

URINALYSIS/URINE CHEMISTRIES

URINALYSIS/URINE CHEMISTRIES Deborah Burgess, M.D. Nephrology Department 16 Oct 90 URINALYSIS/URINE CHEMISTRIES The kidney regulates the internal environment of the body by controlling electrolyte and water balance; and establishes

More information

HMM 4401 Genito-urinary tract diseases

HMM 4401 Genito-urinary tract diseases HMM 4401 Genito-urinary tract diseases Urine production Core elements: Glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tube, loop of Henle, collecting tubules, ureters, bladder, sphincter, uretra, and out

More information

Anatomy kidney ureters bladder urethra upper lower

Anatomy kidney ureters bladder urethra upper lower Urinary tract Anatomy The urinary tract consists of the kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urinary tract infections can be either: upper or lower based primarily on the anatomic location of the infection.

More information

Pars Azmon (Automation) Pars Azmon (Manual) Biosystem (Automation) Biosystem (Manual) Ziest Chemi (Manual) 62

Pars Azmon (Automation) Pars Azmon (Manual) Biosystem (Automation) Biosystem (Manual) Ziest Chemi (Manual) 62 STANDARDIZATION OF URNIE PROTEIN MEASURMENT R. Mohammadi Biochemist (Ph.D.) Faculty member of Medical Faculty EQAP 7 : URINE PROTEIN Method No. Mean (mg/dl) CV% Pars Azmon (Automation) 45 25 33 Pars Azmon

More information

URINE PROTEIN In Normal State, Maximally There Is 150 mg/24h or 10 mg/dl Protein in Urine More Than 200 Protein Have Been Found in Urine Including 1/3

URINE PROTEIN In Normal State, Maximally There Is 150 mg/24h or 10 mg/dl Protein in Urine More Than 200 Protein Have Been Found in Urine Including 1/3 URNIE PROTEIN R. Mohammadi Biochemist (Ph.D.) Faculty member of Medical Faculty URINE PROTEIN In Normal State, Maximally There Is 150 mg/24h or 10 mg/dl Protein in Urine More Than 200 Protein Have Been

More information

Lab Urinalysis PFN: 18DLAL04. Lab Urinalysis. Lab Urinalysis. Hours: 2.0

Lab Urinalysis PFN: 18DLAL04. Lab Urinalysis. Lab Urinalysis. Hours: 2.0 Lab Urinalysis PFN: 18DLAL04 Hours: 2.0 Slide 1 Lab Urinalysis OBJECTIVE: Action: Perform a complete Urinalysis on 5 separate specimens Condition: Given the necessary equipment Standard: Within 75% accuracy

More information

Excretion and Water Balance

Excretion and Water Balance Excretion and Water Balance In the body, water is found in three areas, or compartments: Plasma, the liquid portion of the blood without the blood cells, makes up about 7 percent of body fluid. The intercellular

More information

Chapter 10: Urinary System & Excretion

Chapter 10: Urinary System & Excretion Chapter 10: Urinary System & Excretion Organs of Urinary System Kidneys (2) form urine Ureters (2) Carry urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder Stores urine Urethra Carries urine from bladder to outside

More information

How do we detect PEDs?

How do we detect PEDs? How do we detect PEDs? Drug Testing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dq5pvabzpxq Urine sample Blood sample Detection of drug metabolites The Excretory System Urine is excreted from bladder via the urethra

More information

Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach

Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach Primary Care Update Creighton University School of Medicine. April 27 th, 2018 Disclosure Slide I have no disclosures and have no conflicts with this presentation.

More information

Evaluation of frequency of abnormal Urine R.E tests in Pathology Laboratory

Evaluation of frequency of abnormal Urine R.E tests in Pathology Laboratory Original Article Evaluation of frequency of abnormal Urine R.E tests in Pathology Laboratory Shahina Yasmin Department of Pathology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi ABSTRACT Objective

More information