RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2015

Transcription

1 RNPDC CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz In which abdominal cavity do the kidneys lie? a) Peritoneum. b) Anteperitoneal. c) Retroperitoneal. d) Parietal peritoneal 2. What is the name of the funnel shape that the major calyces of the kidney converge into? a) Renal pelvis. b) Renal fascia. c) Renal pyramids. d) Renal papillae. 3. Which statement accurately describes the parenchyma of the kidney? a) Expanded portion of the ureter. b) Cortex plus the renal pyramids. c) Area where the collecting tubules deliver urine. d) Triangular structure reflective of the tubular component of the nephron. 4. How many afferent and efferent arterioles comprise the glomerulus? a) 1 afferent and 1 efferent. b) 2 afferent and numerous efferent. c) Numerous afferent and 1 efferent. d) Numerous afferent and efferent. 5. Which process occurs in the renal corpuscle (Glomerulus and Bowman s capsule)? a) Solutes and water are filtered from the blood. b) Substances are eliminated from the filtrate. c) Water is reabsorbed in response to ADH secretion. d) Proteins are forced into the capsular space (Bowman s capsule). CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 1

2 6. What structures comprise the glomerular-capsular membrane? a) Visceral layer and the parietal layer of the glomerulus. b) Parietal layer of Bowman s capsule and the endothelium of the glomerulus. c) Open pores of endothelium and podocytes that attach to the basement membrane. d) Glomerular endothelium, basement membrane, visceral epithelium of Bowman s capsule. 7. Which pathway outlines the flow of filtrate through the nephron? a) Collecting duct, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule. b) Proximal tubule, collecting duct, loop of Henle, distal tubule c) Distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, collecting duct. d) Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct. 8. What is the function of the kidney s juxtaglomerular apparatus? a) Reabsorb water. b) Regulate blood pressure. c) Secrete waste. d) Release ADH. 9. Which description accurately explains tubular secretion? a) Movement of filtrate back into the peritubular capillaries. b) Flow of water and solutes from plasma into Bowman s capsule. c) Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron. d) Amount of fluid that flows out of all renal corpuscles every minute. 10. Which of the following functions are performed by the kidneys? a) Release angiotensin in response to dehydration. b) Maintain serum ph by controlling H + - and HCO 3 c) Convert Ca ++ to its active form. d) Metabolize urea and creatinine. 11. Which mechanism is mainly responsible for glomerular filtration? e) Blood hydrostatic pressure. f) Blood colloid osmotic pressure. g) Large diameter of efferent arteriole. h) Capsular hydrostatic pressure. CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 2

3 12. Which rationale explains the decrease in urine output with congestive heart failure? a) Decreased glomerular filtration pressure due to constriction of efferent arteriole. b) Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure due to fluid overload. c) Decreased cardiac output decreasing renal blood flow. d) Decreased production of atrial natriuretic hormone. 13. What is the consequence of a drop in the glomerular filtration rate? a) Wastes will be reabsorbed back into the blood. b) A large amount of filtrate will be formed. c) Reabsorption of substances will be prevented. d) More creatinine will be secreted into the tubules. 14. How does the size of the afferent and efferent arterioles help to maintain glomerular filtration rate? a) Vasoconstriction creates an equal sized diameter in both arterioles and an increased resistance to blood flow. b) Autoregulation occurs allowing both arterioles to dilate thus increasing renal blood flow. c) Larger diameter of efferent arteriole as compared to afferent arteriole causes a resistance to blood flow in the glomerular capillary. d) Decrease in the diameter of the efferent arteriole, relative to the afferent arteriole, causes the glomerular pressure to rise. 15. Which urine osmolality would be expected without the presence of ADH? a) 1200 mosm. b) 900 mosm c) 65 mosm. d) 600 mosm. 16. Which nephrons are responsible for the concentration of urine? a) Cortical. b) Medullary. c) Parenchymal. d) Juxtamedullary. CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 3

4 17. Why is it important for the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla to remain concentrated? a) In order for the nephron to produce concentrated urine. b) Reabsorption of water from the tubule by osmosis depends on a hypoosmolar interstitium. c) To increase the permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct. d) Works with aldosterone to promote water reabsorption. 18. Which factor affects potassium regulation by the kidney? a) Cortisol. b) Aldosterone. c) Concentration of H + in the distal convoluted tubule d) ADH. 19. Which of the following substances would form the composition of normal urine? a) water, glucose, nitrogenous wastes b) water, potassium, nitrogenous wastes c) water, proteins, red blood cells d) water, proteins, glucose 20. What is the consequence when the tubular load of a substance exceeds the kidney s tubular maximum? a) Substance is reabsorbed into the blood. b) Substance is not filtered from the blood. c) Substance spills into the urine. d) Substance is broken down by the liver. 21. Which vitamin does the kidney play an important role in the synthesizing? a) A. b) C. c) D. d) K. CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 4

5 22. Which condition increases the amount of urine produced? a) Increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion. b) Increased aldosterone secretion. c) Increase sympathetic stimulation of the renal arteries. d) Increased solute in the blood. 23. Which rationale explains why creatinine clearance reflects glomerular filtration rate? a) Creatinine is minimally reabsorbed and secreted by the tubules. b) As a by-product of protein intake, creatinine is freely filtered at the glomerlus. c) Levels of creatinine do not vary with muscle mass. d) Active transport works to effectively remove creatinine from the peritubular capillaries into the tubule. 24. What is the purpose of the vasa recta? a) Supplies blood to the afferent arteriole. b) Concentration and dilution of urine. c) Functional unit of the kidney. d) Regulates blood pressure. 25. What percentage of filtrate entering the nephron is absorbed during urine formation? a) 50%. b) 75%. c) 80%. d) 99%. CCNP Anatomy and Physiology: Renal System Pre-Quiz 5