Quality Standardization of Ethanol Extract of Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) through Determination of Total Flavonoid Levels as Antidiabetic
|
|
- Eileen Henderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Quality Standardization of Ethanol Extract of Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) through Determination of Total Flavonoid Levels as Antidiabetic Erza Genatrika a, Warsinah b, Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh b a University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Jl. Raya Dukuhwaluh PO. Box 202 Purwokerto Indonesia ( erzagenatrika@gmail.com) b University of Jenderal Soedirman. Jl. Dr. Soeparno Purwokerto. Indonesia ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves in the form of steepings have been used by many people as traditional medicine to cure diarrhea, high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. However, there was no scientific study about ethanol extract of tea leaves as antidiabetic. Furthermore, the traditional medicine should be useful and fulfill the standard of quality and safety. The aim of this research was to find out the quality of extract through total flavonoid levels and antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of tea leaves. The determination of total flavonoid levels was done by hydrolysis method. Then, antidiabetic activity test of ethanol extract of tea leaves with the doses of g/200 g BW, g/200 g BW, and g/200 g BW which were given orally to Wistar male white mouse using glucose tolerance method. Blood sample was taken from lateral vein of the tail and then the blood glucose level was measured using Gluco Dr every 30 minutes for a period of two hours. The result of the research showed that the total flavonoid levels in in ethanol extract of tea leaves as much as ± µg/ml and ethanol extract could reduce blood glucose level in rats that induced by glucose. The administration of ethanol extract of tea leaves with dose of g/200 g BW had the highest percentage of decrease in blood glucose level (26.67%), followed by doses g/200 g BW (24.04%) and g/200 g BW (19.72%). Key words: antidiabetic, diabetic mellitus, flavonoid, standardization, tea leaves. INTRODUCTION Indonesia is a tropical country with a diverse plant species are about species of plants. Nearly species of them used as traditional medicine. Empirically communities have used traditional medicine to cure various diseases including diarrhea, headache, cholesterol, and triglycerides, high blood pressure, gastrointestinal infections, cancer, and diabetes mellitus (Herawati, 1997). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease of carbohydrate metabolism disorders which characterized by hyperglycemia and glucosuria. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia from time to time is increase. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 1995 about 4.5 million people, then in 2025 is expected to increase to 12.4 million people with diabetes mellitus. One of the herbs that can be used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus is the tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf. Chemical content in them are polyphenols, methylxanthine, amino acids, organic acids, carotene, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, chlorophyll which acts as an antibacterial, anti- 69
2 inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihiperkolesterol, antimigrain, antidepressants, antispasmodics, anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiabetic (Duke, 2008; Maulana, 2008). Steeping tea leaves are given orally to rat at doses 25x the normal human dose (1.35 g / 200 g BB) can provide a hypoglycemic effect after 1 hour treatment. Furthermore, leaf tea may lower blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus and several studies in Japan reported that people with high comsumption of tea lowers the risk of diabetes mellitus as much as 33%. Until now, this has never been done research on quality standardization of ethanol extract of tea leaves by total flavonoid levels related to its potential as an antidiabetic. It is necessary to quality standardization of extracts and test of antidiabetic activity in experimental animals so that obtained standardized extract which has antidiabetic effects. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Materials Tea leaves taken from Wonosobo (PT Plantation of Tambi), male Wistar rats aged 2 to 3 months weighing 150 to 200 g, NaCMC, glucose, glibenclamide, AICl 3, aquadest, ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid, magnesium P, hexamethyltetraamine, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, glacial acetic acid, and quersetin. 2.2 Preparation of Extracts Tea leaves are dried and powdered. Five hundred grams of dry powder are extracted with the maceration until all the powders are submerged (2L ethanol) for 24 hours. Ethanol filtrate from this beaker glass then filtered, subsequently conducted remaceration 2 times (2L ethanol) each of them for 24 hours. Then filtered, squeezed and the result of first filter mixed with the others. The essence of ethanol was evaporated, until obtained viscous ethanol extracts of tea leaves (Anonymous, 1985). 2.3 Identification of Flavonoids Ethanol extract ± 2ml, added with 0.1 grams of magnesium P and 10 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, if happened the change of orange to red until red to purple it indicated flavonoids (Anonymous, 1995). 2.4 Quality Standardization of Extract Standard solutions of flavonoids (quersetin) with a concentration series 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5 µg/ml measured at maximum wavelength, so it is obtained regression equation y = a + bx from the correlation of standard solution concentration with the absorbance. Total flavonoid levels of ethanol extract of tea leaves is determined through the hydrolysis process. Extracts are used in hydrolysis process equivalent with 200 mg of simplicia as much as mg. Then, the result of solution from hydrolysis process is measured its absorbance with the 70
3 spectrophotometer UV-VIS at wavelength of maximum (370 nm). Determination of total flavonoid levels is repeated three times (replication). Futhermore, it is calculated the level of flavonoids by using the standard curve from flavonoid standard solutions (quersetin) (Anonymous, 2000). 2.5 The Timing of Administration of Glucose as Diabetogen There are 6 male rats were fasted for hours and still being given the drink ad libitum, subsequently divided into 2 groups. Group 1 is burdened glucose orally after 30 minutes and 60 minutes for group II that are calculated from administration of extract etanol of tea leaves (1.35 g/200 g BB) orally with volume giving half of the volume should be. The most optimum time for administration of glucose that produce the smallest value of AUC. 2.6 Antidiabetic Test Thirty of male rats were divided into 5 groups, that are group of positive control (glibenclamide in NaCMC with a dose of 0.9 mg/200 g BB), negative control (NaCMC), test group at a dose of g/200 g BB, g/200 g BB, and g/200 g BB are administered orally. After treated, all groups then are given glucose orally at a dose of 2 g/kg with time intervals based on preelimenary experiments. The blood is taken from a vein lateral at minute 0; 30; 60; 90; 120 that are calculated after administration of glucose orally and measured blood glucose levels using device of Gluco Dr. Then, calculated the value of AUC and %DBGL from each group, subsequently data are tested statistically by using normality test of Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA test or Kruskal Wallis test, Post Hoc Tukey HSD test with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tea leaves as much as 20 kg conducted sorting wet, then dried in the sun with a black cloth as a cover in order to reduce the change or damage the chemical content present in tea leaves (Anonymous, 1985). Simplicia of tea leaves have been produced ± 3.7 kg. Simplicia then being crushed and 500 grams conducted maceration, viscous extract that has been obtained as much as 52.7 g. Tea leaf extract which was originally colored dark green then change color into red or reddish orange. According to Robinson (1995) red color was formed due to the reduction of flavonoids by Mg and concentrated HCl. Determination of total flavonoid levels are one of the chemical standardization to the quality of the ethanol extract of tea leaves. Extracts are used equivalent with 200 mg as much as mg. Then do the hydrolysis by adding HCl, heksametiltetramina and acetone. The purpose of 71
4 hydrolysis is to separate aglycone with sugar so that target compound can be separated and identified (Mursyidi, 1997). Filtrate from result of hydrolysis (brownish red) has performed fractionation by adding distilled water and ethyl acetate. The addition of ethyl acetate aims to attract flavonoid compounds that are contained in extracts. Ethyl acetate fraction (yellow) has been added AlCl 3 in glacial acetic acid 5% (v/v methanol) and wait 30 minutes, then the absorbance is measured by using spectrophotometry UV-VIS at a maximum wavelength (370 nm). The total flavonoid levels in the ethanol extracts can be calculated by inputting data of sample absorbance into value of Y on linear regression equation that is obtained from the flavonoid standards (quersetin) is y = ,0475x with linearity of Calculation results in a complete total flavonoids shown in Table 1. Table 1. Calculation of total flavonoid levels of ethanol extract of tea leaves Replication Value (µg/ml) ±SD Value (mg/kg) ±SD Mean ± ±0.534 The level of total flavonoids on average in the extract is ± µg/ml are equivalent to mg/kg. Results of this study are non-specific parameters of an extract as bioactive compounds that are known to be responsible for the pharmacological effects that can be quantified and compared with previous studies that showing ethanol extract of tea leaves fulfill the quality extracts. According to Bhagwat et al. (2003) suggested flavonoid levels in tea extract ranges are from 0.7 to mg/kg. Furthermore, Princen et al. (1998) stated that the green tea flavonoid levels in the range of 0.0 to mg/g, whereas black tea had levels of flavonoids in the range 0.0 to mg/g. Research conducted by Samman et al. (2001) showed that the extract of tea leaves had a flavonoid levels of 0.84 to 9.32 mg/100 g. Levels of flavonoids from the results of this study different with previous research, this was because the quality and quantity is strongly influenced by genetic diversity factors and environment in where to grow such as soil, biotic factors, nutrition, water, temperature, light quality, light intensity, altitude grows, and harvest time. The amount of decrease in the most of blood glucose levels which are based on the value AUC The smallest of AUC value indicates the greatest of hypoglycemic effects. From the results of glucose loading time orientation have obtained AUC showing that are the most effective time to do 30 minutes after administration of the test preparation. This is proven by a smaller 72
5 AUC value was minute.mg.dl -1 than compared to 60 minutes after administration of the test preparation as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Area Under Curve (AUC ) of blood glucose levels on the orientation of administration of ethanol extract of tea leaves AUC N (minute.mg.dl -1 ) I II Mean±SD 13665± ± Information: N : The number of test animals (N=3) I : Treatment loading glucose after 30 minutes II : Treatment loading glucose after 60 minutes Measurement of blood glucose levels are started at minutes 0 up to 120 minutes every 30 minutes. Results of blood glucose levels of rats as shown in Table 3. Table 3. The average of rat blood glucose levels (mg/dl) in each control and treatment groups. Group The Average of Blood Glucose Level (mg/dl) ± SD (n=6) I ± ± ± ± ±11.1 II 138.5± ± ± ± ±10.3 III 111.5± ± ± ± ±9.3 IV 119± ± ± ± ±4.0 V 124.7± ± ± ± ±9.6 Information : G : Group I : Positive controls with glibenclamide treatment (0.09 mg/200 g BB) II : Negative control with treatment of Na-CMC 0.5% III : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB IV : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB V : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB Widyaningsih et al. (2004) reported normal blood glucose levels ranging from mg/dl. Based on Table 3, group I (positive control) showed normal blood glucose levels are <135 mg/dl, group II (negative control) showed that blood glucose levels were abnormal every time measurement. Furthermore, data of blood glucose levels were calculated value of Area Under Curve (AUC) from 0 up to 120 minutes (AUC )(Figure 1). 73
6 Fig 1. Curve average of blood glucose levels (mg/dl) versus time (minutes) at each control and treatment groups. AUC value was used as an illustration of antidiabetic effects of tea leaves ethanol extract. The value of AUC is getting smaller, so the effect of antiabetic is getting bigger. Negative control group has the biggest AUC value and the positive control group has the lowest AUC value. Test group that has the lowest AUC value indicated by the group that was treated with a dose of g/200 g BB (Table 4). Table 4. Curve average of blood glucose levels (mg/dl) versus time (minutes) at each control and treatment groups Group AUC±SD (minute mg/dl) Positive control (Glibenklamid) ± Negative control (NaCMC) ± Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 14065± Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 14590± Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 15420± AUC values were analyzed statistically. Data analysis begun with Kolmogorof-Smirnov normality test with a confidence level of 95% and obtained significance value> 0.05 of all the groups, which meant that the data were normally distributed. Furthermore, data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA showed that F count ( )> F table (2.75) (p<0.05), it meant average of AUC value from five groups was significantly differences, then proceeded with post hoc Tukey HSD test. In the post hoc Tukey HSD test, all groups showed significance <0.05 then the one group with the others group there were significantly differences. This suggest that a dose level of ethanol extract of tea leaves were very influential on antidiabetic effects. Each treatment groups were then calculated with % DBGL (Decrease Blood Glucose Levels) [Table 6]. AUC value inversely proportional with value of % DBGL. AUC value is getting smaller. % DBGL value is getting greater. 74
7 Table 5. The result of statistical analysis of AUC value using Tukey HSD Post Hoc test with a level of 95% Between group Value p Statistics Test Results I-II Significantly different I-III Significantly different I-IV Significantly different I-V Significantly different II-III Significantly different II-IV Significantly different II-V Significantly different III-IV Significantly different III-V Significantly different IV-V Significantly different Information : I : Positive controls with glibenclamide treatment (0.09 mg/200 g BB) II : Negative control with treatment of Na-CMC 0.5% III : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB IV : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB V : Treatment of ethanol extract of tea leaves with a dose g/200 g BB Table 6. Percentage Decrease of Blood Glucose Levels (% DBGL) of the control and treatment groups Group % PKGD±SD Positive control (Glibenclamide) 29.55±1.9 Negative control (NaCMC) 0 Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 26.77±1.8 Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 24.04±0.7 Extract treatment at a dose g/200 g BB 19.72±1.3 Group III (dose g/200 g BB) has the highest ability to reduce the blood glucose levels as much as ± 1.8%, then compared with a dose of g/200 g BB and g/200 g BB. However, the effect of antidiabetic is lower than the positive control group (glibenclamide) which has DBGL as much as 29.55± 1.9%. Based on normality test of % DBGL is obtained of the data abnormally distributed then continued with Kruskal Wallis test, it is gained the significance <0.05 then there is a difference from five of treatment groups. It shows each group with different doses very influential on antidiabetic effects. One of causes that improvement of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats was ability of flavonoids stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin as well as glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol extract of tea leaves fulfill the quality of extract with total flavonoid levels that is obtained as much as ± µg/ml and has a antidiabetic activity in male Wistar rats. Dose 75
8 of ethanol extract of tea leaves were effective in lowering blood glucose levels are g/200 g BB with DBGL as much as 26.77%. REFERENCES Anonymous (1985) simplisia preparation method. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Drug and Food, Jakarta. Anonymous (1995) Materia medika Indonesia Volume VI. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Drug and Food, Jakarta, p 337. Anonymous (2000) Parameter of general standard of drugs plant extract. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Drug and Food, Jakarta. Bhagwat et al. (2003) Composition of tea: comparison of black and green tea. J Agricultural Research Service 1. Duke (2008) Phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases, [online]. Herawati (1997) Biomolecular approach to new drug discovery from natural resources in Indonesia perspective. Cermin Dunia Farmasi 31:9-11. Maulana M. (2008) Recognize of diabetes melitus: practical guide of handle diabetes disease, Publisher Kata Hati, Yogyakarta. Mursyidi A. (1997) Analysis of secondary metabolites, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Princen et al. (1998) No effect of consumption of green and black tea on plasma lipid and antioxidant levels and on LDL oxidation in smokers. Journal of The American Heart Association Robinson T. (1995) Organic ingredients of high plant, Publisher ITB, Bandung. Samman et al. (2001) Green tea or rosemary extract added to foods reduces nonheme-iron absorption. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 18:
Wahyu Wardanj Tusi, et al
The Effect of... Wahyu Wardanj Tusi, et al THE EFFECT OF Hibiscus sabdarifa L. CALYX ETHANOL EXTRACT ON INCREASING GLUTATHION PEROXIDASE (GPX) ACTIVITY AND DECREASING MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) AGAINST 7,12-
More informationPRECLINICAL ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF AQUAEOUS EXTRACT OF AFRICAN LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina Del) Debi Meilani and Nadroh Sitepu
PRECLINICAL ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF AQUAEOUS EXTRACT OF AFRICAN LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina Del) Debi Meilani and Nadroh Sitepu Department of Pharmacy, Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah University, Jl.
More informationISSN Volume 2 (2015) The 3rd International Conference on Biological Science 2013 (The 3rd ICBS-2013)
ISSN 2413-0877 Volume 2 (2015) 129-133 The 3rd International Conference on Biological Science 2013 (The 3rd ICBS-2013) DETECTION OF ALKALOID, FLAVONOID, AND TERPENOID COMPOUNDS IN BREAD (Artocarpus communis
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.85-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.85-2016
More informationLutein Content Analysis in Green and Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) by Visible Spectrophotometry. Abstract
Lutein Content Analysis in Green and Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) by Visible Spectrophotometry Liliek Nurhidayati, Mathilda Irianty Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia
More informationAktsar Roskiana Ahmad et al. IRJP 2012, 3 (11) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY
Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad et al. IRJP 2, 3 () INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 22 87 Research Article STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY WITH REDUCTION OF DPPH RADICAL AND XANTHINE
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science
Research Article Available online www.ijrpsonline.com ISSN: 2249 3522 International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science DPPH Scavenging Activity of Various Extracts of Sweet Potatoes Leaves with
More informationBani Adlina Shabrina, Juang Juansa, Nindya Budiana Putri, Rohmad Yudi Utomo, Retno Murwanti*
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, February 2016 ISSN: 2088 0197 e-issn: 2355-8989 Antigenotoxicity Activity of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Ethanolic Extract on Swiss Mice Induced Cyclophosphamide
More informationOptimization of Enzyme-assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Ginsenosides from Ginseng Roots Guangna LIU, Yulin ZUO, Jing ZHANG
2019 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Advanced Materials (CSAM 2019) Optimization of Enzyme-assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Ginsenosides from Ginseng Roots Guangna LIU, Yulin
More informationNEW JERSEY TEA, DRIED FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS SICCUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
NEW JERSEY TEA, DRIED FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS SICCUM FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Ceanothus americanus siccum ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homoeopathy
More informationResearch Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS
ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 238 Research Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS G. Jyoti Jain 1* and S. Ramachandra Setty 2 1 Department of Pharmacology,
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics ISSN Print: 2278-2648 IJRPP Vol.3 Issue 4 Oct-Dec-2014 ISSN Online: 2278-2656 Journal Home page: Research article Open Access Anti-diabetic
More informationSCIFED. Publishers. SciFed Journal of Public Health. Comparing Modified and Relationship Study of Gymnema Sylvestre Against Diabetes
Research Article SCIFED Publishers Rahul Hajare,, 2018, 2:2 SciFed Journal of Public Health Open Access Comparing Modified and Relationship Study of Gymnema Sylvestre Against Diabetes * Rahul Hajare *
More informationANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOT
ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOT Sama Venkatesh *1, G.Dayananda Reddy 1, B.Madhava Reddy 1, M.Lakshman 2. 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, G.Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad
More informationEffect of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) Infusion as Hepatoprotective Agent Induced by Paracetamol
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, June 2016 ISSN: 2088 0197 e-issn: 2355-8989 Effect of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) Infusion as Hepatoprotective Agent Induced by Paracetamol Ni Nyoman
More informationResidue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016.
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Aspartame This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive
More informationThe potential antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Aceh ant-plant (Mymercodia sp) on the free radical DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-pikrylhidrazil)
The potential antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Aceh ant-plant (Mymercodia sp) on the free radical DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-pikrylhidrazil) 1 Suryawati, 2 Frengki, 1 Hijra Novia Suardi 1 Faculty
More informationAnticancer Properties of Phytochemicals Present in Indian Medicinal Plants.
Anticancer Properties of Phytochemicals Present in Indian Medicinal Plants. Dr.Prathiba H.D* Department Of Biochemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University. Bangalore(Karnataka), INDIA. ABSTRACT
More informationPAPRIKA EXTRACT SYNONYMS DEFINITION DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL USES CHARACTERISTICS
PAPRIKA EXTRACT Prepared at the 77 th JECFA, published in FAO JECFA Monographs 14 (2013), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 69 th JECFA (2008). An ADI of 0-1.5 mg/kg bw was allocated
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix Dorota Woźniak A, Andrzej Dryś B, and Adam Matkowski* A A Department of Pharmaceutical Biology
More informationPharmacologyonline 3: (2009)
THE EFFECT OF ASTURTIUM OFFICIALE O BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL I DIABETIC RATS Hassan Fallah Hoseini 1, Ahmad R. Gohari 2, Soodabeh Saeidnia 2 *, aghi Shahabi Majd 3, Abbass Hadjiakhoondi 2 1- Department of Pharmacology,
More informationDetermination of Tanninoids. Analytical Pharmacognosy
QUIZ If the manager of a phytopharmaceutical industry wish to buy one chromatographic equipment, which one you recommend, HPLC or TLC densitometer. What are the reasons to support your recommendation.
More informationARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) ARTESUNATI COMPRESSI ARTESUNATE TABLETS
December 2009 ARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationInternational Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: Vol.9, No.3, pp , 2016
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: 0974-4304 Vol.9, No.3, pp 198-203, 2016 Span 60 as Surfactant of Topical Microemulsion of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
More informationOLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS NERIUM OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS
OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS NERIUM OLEANDER FOR HOMOEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS Nerium oleander ad praeparationes homoeopathicas Other Latin name used in homeopathy: Oleander DEFINITION Fresh leaf
More informationThe Use of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats
The Use of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats Florin Muselin*, Diana Brezovan, Jelena Savici, Romeo T. Cristna, Eugenia
More informationRaw Sugarcane Juice Nature's Perfect Wonder Food. Written by Dee McCaffrey, CDC Monday, October 03, 2011
If you've ever had the pleasure of drinking freshly extracted raw fruit or vegetable juices, you know the health value of doing so. Freshly extracted juices contain live enzymes and nutrients that are
More informationANALYSIS OF GLUCOSE BY POTENTIOMETRY USING ELECTRODE CARBON PASTE/MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER (MIP) WITH METACRYLIC ACID AS MONOMER
ISSN: 0974-1496 e-issn: 0976-0083 CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in USING ELECTRODE CARBON PASTE/MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER (MIP) WITH METACRYLIC ACID AS MONOMER
More informationOrganic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation
Name: Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Introduction & Background Milk & milk products have been a major food source from earliest recorded history. Milk is a natural, nutritionally
More informationMIRACLE PLANT ARONIA IS AN ENEMY OF CANCER
MIRACLE PLANT ARONIA IS AN ENEMY OF CANCER Aronia fruit, which will be harvested for the first time this year, is said to have cancer-fighting properties. Continue reading this booklet to familiarize yourself
More informationIMPACT OF NATUAL ANTIOXIDANT ON REDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERGLYCEMIC RAT FED GERMINATED PIGEON PEA DIET
IMPACT OF NATUAL ANTIOXIDANT ON REDUCTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERGLYCEMIC RAT FED GERMINATED PIGEON PEA DIET UCHEGBU NNEKA NKECHI DEPARTMENT OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY,
More informationWorld Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523
Sukardiman et al. SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 2, 1334-1339. Research Article ISSN 2277 7105 ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF DRY EXTRACTS OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI SEEDS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC BALB/C
More informationCENTER FOR ADVANCED FOOD TECHNOLOGY RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR ADVANCED FOOD TECHNOLOGY RUTGERS UNIVERSITY POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT OF BOROJO FEBRUARY 20, 2008 Background Borojo (Borojoa patinoi) grows in the Amazon and Central America. The fresh fruit weighs
More informationMurugan M. et al / Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol. 1 (2), 2009, 69-73
ISSN:0975-5772 Murugan M. et al / Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol. 1 (2), 2009, 69-73 Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of leaves of Mucuna pruriens in alloxan induced diabetic
More informationDetermination of Glabridin in Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabral.) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Determination of Glabridin in Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabral.) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Faridah a, Siti Umrah Noor a, Rahmawati T a. Abstract Public opinionwho define that beautiful
More informationSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
CHAPTER VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION "The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will cure and prevent disease with nutrition."
More informationAvailable online Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(12):519-523 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CDEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Characterization of cyanidin 3-(6-acetylglucoside)-5-(3
More informationComparative Phytochemical Evaluation of Mentha piperita Varieties (citrate and perpeta) Leaves and Stem Extracts
Science Arena Publications Specialty Journal of Biological Sciences Available online at www.sciarena.com 2017, Vol, 3 (3): 1-5 Comparative Phytochemical Evaluation of Mentha piperita Varieties (citrate
More informationResearch on Extraction Process of Gallic Acid from Penthorum chinense Pursh by Aqueous Ethanol
Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2015, 5, 63-69 Published Online May 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/gsc http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2015.52009 Research on Extraction Process of Gallic Acid
More informationEffect of Breadfruit Leaves Infusion on Acute Renal Failure Rat Model
511 Effect of Breadfruit Leaves Infusion on Acute Renal Failure Rat Model Muhamad Risdan Hardani 1, Herri S. Sastramihardja 2, Afiatin 3 1 Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, 2 Department of Pharmacology
More informationNATURAL INGREDIENTS TO SUPPORT HEART HEALTH a focus on Mediterranean botanical extracts
NATURAL INGREDIENTS TO SUPPORT HEART HEALTH a focus on Mediterranean botanical extracts Yannick Capelle Product Manager Frutarom Health Cardiovascular Health Risk factors Health conditions with high prevalence
More informationHYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. MALVACEAE ON TYLOXAPOL- INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN MICE
HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. MALVACEAE ON TYLOXAPOL- INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN MICE Huynh Ngoc Trinh 1, Nguyen Ngoc Quynh 1, Tran T Van Anh 2, Vo Phung Nguyen 1 1 Department
More informationTHE EFFECT OF FRYING AND STEAMING ON β-carotene CONTENT IN ORANGE AND YELLOW SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.)
THE EFFECT OF FRYING AND STEAMING ON β-carotene CONTENT IN ORANGE AND YELLOW SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.) Yudha Amandangi S 1., Yunahara Farida 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University 1
More informationHyderabad, India. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
International Journal On Engineering Technology and Sciences IJETS RP-HPLC Method development and validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Empagliflozine in Tablet Dosage Form Shaik
More informationPRODUCTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SOME CEREAL MILLING BY-PRODUCTS SAYED SAAD ABOZAIED SMUDA THESIS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
PRODUCTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SOME CEREAL MILLING BY-PRODUCTS By SAYED SAAD ABOZAIED SMUDA B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Food Science), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2004 M.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Food Science), Fac.
More informationASSAY OF USING BETA-GLUCAZYME TABLETS
ASSAY OF endo-β-glucanases USING BETA-GLUCAZYME TABLETS T-BGZ 12/12 Note: Changed assay format for malt β-glucanase Megazyme International Ireland 2012 SUBSTRATE: The substrate employed is Azurine-crosslinked
More informationEVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VITRO ANTILITHOGENESIS ACTIVITIES OF CHIVES LEAF (Allium schoenoprasum, L.
ISSN: 0974-1496 e-issn: 0976-0083 CODEN: RJCABP http://www.rasayanjournal.com http://www.rasayanjournal.co.in EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VITRO (Allium schoenoprasum,
More informationHYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF CECROPIA PELTATA L. ON N5-STZ TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS. México, México DF. México, México DF.
HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF CECROPIA PELTATA L. ON N5-STZ TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS Adolfo Andrade-Cetto a * René Cárdenas b and Brenda Ramírez-Reyes a a Lab. Etnofarmacología, Fac. de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional
More informationTHE SAME EFFECT WAS NOT FOUND WITH SPIRITS 3-5 DRINKS OF SPIRITS PER DAY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY
ALCOHOL NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN 1-2 DRINKS PER DAY AND THE INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SOME HAVE SHOWN THAT EVEN 3-4 DRINKS PER DAY CAN BE BENEFICIAL - WHILE OTHERS HAVE FOUND IT TO BE HARMFUL
More informationIntroduction. Cell Biology OLM
1 of 21 8/3/2011 1:46 PM Cell Biology OLM Introduction Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments that give various fruits, vegetables and flowers red, blue and purple color. Blueberries, blackberries, raspberries
More informationDetermination of total phenolic, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of common herbs and spices.
2014; 3 (3): 104-108 E: ISSN 2278-4136 P: ISSN 2349-8234 JPP 2014; 3 (3): 104-108 Received: 07-08-2014 Accepted: 08-09-2014 Ovais Ullah Shirazi. Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak. (a) (b)non Communicable
More informationHYPOGLYCAEMIC ACTION OF THE FLAVONOID FRACTION OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS LEAF
42 Research Paper ISSN 0189-6016 2006 Afr. J. Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines www.africanethnomedicines.net HYPOGLYCAEMIC ACTION OF THE FLAVONOID FRACTION OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS
More informationPharmacologyonline 1: (2009) HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF PHOEBE LA CEOLATA O ALLOXA -I DUCED DIABETIC MICE
HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF PHOEBE LA CEOLATA O ALLOXA -I DUCED DIABETIC MICE SEMWAL DK 1 *, RAWAT U 1, SEMWAL R 2, SINGH K 3, SINGH R 3, SAINI B 3, KRISHAN P 3, SINGH M 4 1 Department of Chemistry, University
More information6 CHAPTER-6 TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT DETERMINATION
6 CHAPTER-6 TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT DETERMINATION 6.1 PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS Phenolic compounds are a group of chemical compounds that are widely distributed in nature. They are simple compounds
More informationVARNESSÉ. Detox Fiber. Dietary Energy Natural
VARNESSÉ 16 PRODUC T INTRODUC TION Detox Fiber Dietary Energy Natural NATURAL SLIMMING FIBER DETOX J A P A N F O R M U L A T E D INTRODUCTION VARNESSÉ 16 is an appetizing & delicious soluble fiber drink
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF CAROTENOIDS FROM MINT EXTRACTS. Abstract
M. Ciurea, et al. Scientifical Researches. Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, Volume XI, No. 2 (2005), 261-266 THE ANALYSIS OF CAROTENOIDS FROM MINT EXTRACTS Mihaela Ciurea 1, I. Jianu 2 1 Aurel
More informationPhytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 826-830 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts Anjay Kumar Gupta*, Sumeet
More informationTENOFOVIR TABLETS: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (June 2010)
June 2010 TENOFOVIR TABLETS: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (June 2010) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF CYLOTETRACOSANE COMPOUNDS METANOL EXTRACT OF MARINE GOLOBE FRUIT (Etlingera alba (Blume) A.D Pulse)
International Journal of Health Medicine and Current Research Vol. 3, Issue 04, pp.1093-1097, December, 2018 DOI: 10.22301/IJHMCR.2528-3189.1093 Article can be accessed online on: http://www.ijhmcr.com
More informationpharmaceutical formulations. Anagliptin shows absorption maximum at 246 nm and obeys beer s law in the
ISSN: 0975-766X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ANAGLIPTIN IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC
More informationSpectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Sitagliptin Phosphate in Bulk...
Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Sitagliptin Phosphate in Bulk... I J P F A International Science Press Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Sitagliptin Phosphate in Bulk and Tablet Dosage
More informationKeywords: antioxidant; extraction; paper flower; phenolic compound
PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS FROM Bougainvillea SPP. Punyawatt Pintathong 1, *, Prisana Pinket 1, Monthira Papoodplook 1, Natthawut Thitipramote 1,2, Phanuphong Chaiwut 1 1 School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah
More informationApplication Note Soy for Isoflavones by HPLC. Botanical Name: Glycine max L. Common Names: Parts of Plant Used: Beans.
Application Note 0066 - Soy for Isoflavones by HPLC As published in The Handbook of Analytical Methods for Dietary Supplements Botanical Name: Glycine max L. Common Names: Soybean Parts of Plant Used:
More informationVol-3, Issue-4, Suppl-1, Nov 2012 ISSN: Patel et al PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR
PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ALOE POLYSACCHARIDES AS A MEASURE OF ALOE VERA QUALITY IN HERBAL FORMULATION
More information» Croscarmellose Sodium is a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
BRIEFING Croscarmellose Sodium, NF 22 page 2856 and page 702 of PF 30(2) [Mar. Apr. 2004]. A modification is made in the test for Degree of substitution to correct the endpoint color to agree with the
More informationMolecular Docking Studies of Flavonoids of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARγ)
3rd International Conference on Computation for Science and Technology (ICCST-3) Molecular Docking Studies of Flavonoids of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma
More informationAntioxidant Activity and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition Assay with Total Flavonoid Content from Garcinia hombroniana Pierre Leaves
Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9(2): 267-272 A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy www.phcogj.com www.phcog.net Original Article Antioxidant Activity and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition
More informationA high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of chlorogenic acid and emodin in Yinhuang Jiangzhi Tea
Journal of Hainan Medical University 2016; 22(12): 17-21 17 Journal of Hainan Medical University http://www.jhmuweb.net/ A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of chlorogenic
More informationPreparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract
Chapter 2 Preparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract 2.1. INTRODUCTION Aloe vera ethanolic extract was prepared according to Noor et.al, 2008 with few modifications. The phytochemical analysis
More informationTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Tenofoviri disoproxili fumaras)
C 19 H 30 N 5 O 10 P. C 4 H 4 O 4 Relative molecular mass. 635.5. Chemical names. bis(1-methylethyl) 5-{[(1R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methylethoxy]methyl}-5-oxo-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-5-λ 5 - phosphanonanedioate
More informationEstimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Hibiscus furcatus Roxb leaves
IJPAR Vol.6 Issue 1 Jan - Mar -217 Journal Home page: ISSN:232-2831 Research article Open Access Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Hibiscus furcatus Roxb leaves Najuma Salim*, Rahul
More informationResearch Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form
Research Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form Gowekar NM, Lawande YS*, Jadhav DP, Hase RS and Savita N. Gowekar Department
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.5-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.5-2016 National food safety standard
More informationH.I.T.S. Health Ingredient Technology & Solutions Featured Ingredients for Great Taste & Well-Being!
H.I.T.S. Health Ingredient Technology & Solutions Featured Ingredients for Great Taste & Well-Being! WILD offers an advantage to customers looking to create market ready formulations that include applications
More informationAntidiabetic Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Root Bark
RESEARCH ARTICLE Antidiabetic Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Root Bark Prabhakar Patil 1, Sudha Patil 2, Abhay Mane 3, Sushilkumar Verma 4 1 Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya
More information3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
93 3. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING 3.1 INTRODUCTION All the drugs- Ayurvedic, Unani and Herbal extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to test the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates
More informationLOW BLOOD GLUCOSE (Hypoglycemia)
Section Four DAILY CRISES In this section, you will learn about: Low blood glucose High blood glucose Diabetic Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome LOW BLOOD GLUCOSE (Hypoglycemia)
More informationBioavailability of Phyto(nutrients) in Orange Juice
Sao Paulo State University - UNESP Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara Food and Nutrition Department Bioavailability of Phyto(nutrients) in Orange Juice Thais Cesar, Prof. tcesar@fcfar.unesp.br
More informationSTUDY OF OXALATE ION CONTENT IN GUAVA FRUIT.
1 STUDY OF OXALATE ION CONTENT IN GUAVA FRUIT. AIM OF THE PROJECT To study the presence of oxalate ion content in guava fruit at different stages of ripening. INTRODUCTION Guava is sweet, juicy and light
More informationIN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACTS OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS
CHAPTER 3 IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACTS OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS 3. INTRODUCTION Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. Almost all the parts of the plant, namely
More informationSummary and Conclusion
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Thyroid disorder is an increasing disorder amongst endocrine diseases in India. The seriousness of thyroid disorders should not be under estimated as thyroid storm and myxedema coma
More informationComparative HPTLC Analysis of Leaves of Allium cepa L., Ficus carica L. and Ziziphus mauritiana L. with Standard Quercetin
Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2017; 9(5); 739-743 DOI number: 10.25258/phyto.v9i2.8157 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Comparative
More information1 out of 8. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 86th Meeting 2018 ERYTHROSINE
1 out of 8 Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 86th Meeting 2018 ERYTHROSINE This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food
More informationPrinciples of nutrition Lesson A
Principles of nutrition Lesson A Sam - ID 38359016 Unit: Applying the principles of nutrition to a physical activity programme Learning outcomes & assessment criteria Learning outcome: The learner will:
More informationARE YOU WHAT YOU EAT? TEACHER HANDBOOK
ARE YOU WHAT YOU EAT? TEACHER HANDBOOK Alabama Course of Study: Science Biology: 1. Select appropriate laboratory glassware, balances, time measuring equipment, and optical instruments to conduct an experiment.
More informationThe Benefits of Cardio Flow
The Benefits of Cardio Flow Cardiovascular disease the number one killer Today, one in four people will suffer from heart disease. Over half of the heart attacks that occur this year will result in sudden
More informationCopyright Strength Works International Publishing. All rights are reserved.
Copyright 2013. Strength Works International Publishing. All rights are reserved. INTRODUCTION TO THE BIG 3 FAT BURNING INGREDIENTS In this report you re going to learn about the 3 herbs that are not well
More informationThis chapter deals with the evaluation of alpha amylase inhibitory
This chapter deals with the evaluation of alpha amylase inhibitory activity of different extracts isolated from leaves of Aloe vera L. and leaves of Azadiracta indica A Juss. collected from Bharatpur and
More informationReview Guide for BIOL 150 Lab Exam 1 Montgomery College; Rockville Campus
Review Guide for BIOL 150 Lab Exam 1 Montgomery College; Rockville Campus Please note that questions in this document are a guide to prepare for Lab Exam 1. None of the questions are going to be copied
More informationJournal of Medicinal Plants Studies Preliminary Phytochemical Studies Of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers
Year: 2013, Volume: 1, Issue: 2 First page: (19) Last page: (23) ISSN: 2320-3862 Online Available at Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Preliminary Phytochemical Studies Of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers
More informationEFFICACY OF NUTRACEUTICALS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPID PROFILE AMONG SOUTH INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC POPULATION
EFFICACY OF NUTRACEUTICALS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPID PROFILE AMONG SOUTH INDIAN TYPE 2 DIABETIC POPULATION Dr.P.NAZNI, M.Sc.,M.Phil., Ph.D Lecturer, Department of Food Science, Periyar University, Salem
More informationSALIVA TEST Introduction
SALIVA TEST Introduction This is a practical lesson using saliva to learn digestive enzyme activity. We can check the existence of reducing sugars clearly by Benedict s reaction after salivary enzyme decomposes
More informationIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Cytotoxicity Assay of Ethyl Acetate Extract Shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo) and White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus
More informationLutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Lutein Esters from Tagetes Erecta This monograph was also published in: Compendium
More informationSulistiyaningsih et al ISPST 2018 ISSN:
EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF RAMBUTAN LEAVES (Nephelium lappaceum) AGAINST Shigella dysenteriae AND Bacillus cereus AS ANTI DIARRHEA AGENT Sulistiyaningsih 1*, Amita Putri Afini 1,
More informationTable S2: Anthropometric, clinical, cardiovascular and appetite outcome changes over 8 weeks (baseline-week 8) by snack group
Table S1: Nutrient composition of cracker and almond snacks Cracker* Almond** Weight, g 77.5 g (5 sheets) 56.7 g (2 oz.) Energy, kcal 338 364 Carbohydrate, g (kcal) 62.5 12.6 Dietary fiber, g 2.5 8.1 Protein,
More informationPhytochemical Investigation of Methanolic Extract of Icacina trichantha Tuber
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 907-911 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Phytochemical Investigation of Methanolic Extract of Icacina trichantha Tuber M.H.Shagal*, H.Mukhtar,
More informationCatechins Green Tea Clones GMB4 Inhibit Inflammation Process of Atherosclerosis Through Decreasing TNF-Α Levels. *
J. Islamic Pharm. Vol. 01 (01) 2016 28 Catechins Green Tea Clones GMB4 Inhibit Inflammation Process of Atherosclerosis Through Decreasing TNF-Α Levels Erna Susanti *1, Febiyanti Suratno 2 1 Pharmacy and
More information