BODY FLUID. Outline. Functions of body fluid Water distribution in the body Maintenance of body fluid. Regulation of fluid homeostasis

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1 BODY FLUID Nutritional Biochemistry Yue-Hwa Chen Dec 13, 2007 Chen 1 Outline Functions of body fluid Water distribution in the body Maintenance of body fluid Intake vs output Regulation of body fluid Fluid intake vs fluid output Regulation of fluid homeostasis ADH Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Chen 2 1

2 Functions of body fluid Transportation Nutrients and wastes Solubilization For transport Metabolic reactions As a A or Regulation of body temperature Maintenance of acid-base balance Chen 3 Water distribution in the body Total body water (TBW) ~ of BWt Intracellular fluid Water inside of cell membrane of TBW, of BWt Extracellular fluid All water external to cell membrane of TBW, of BWt Plasma ( ) Interstitial fluid (ISF) Chen 4 2

3 Water distribution in the body Total body water varies in different conditions in gestation and early childhood ~ 3 y reaches same contents as adults Chen 5 Maintenance of fluid balance Homeostasis = ~ 2500 ml/day Intake Output Excretion Urine (1500), sweat (100), feces (200) Breathing Expired air (300) Cutaneous transpiration Skin (400) Chen 6 3

4 Regulation of fluid intake Dehydration in the hypothalamus secretion blood volume/ blood pressure through the body formation Stimulation of hypothalamus Activate thirst center in hypothalamus drinking Chen 7 Regulation of fluid output Through variations in volume Major determinant of body fluid osmolarity Na + content in body fluid Aldosterone (changes the urine volume) reabsorption reabsorption ADH (changes the urine concentration) Chen 8 4

5 Chen 9 Regulation of fluid homeostasis Kidney Hypothalamus Production of Thirst center Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Chen 10 5

6 Regulation of fluid homeostasis Monitored by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus ADH release Antidiuretic hormone, Produced in Stored in and secreted by the gland Actions water conserving Chen 11 Regulation of fluid homeostasis Renin-angiotensinaldosterone system A proteolytic enzyme Angiotensinogen angiotensin I Liver Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Renin Angiotensinconverting enzyme Aldosterone Sodium retention Potassium excretion Hypothalamus Juxtaglomerular apparatus Lungs Adrenal Water retention Antidiuretic Chen 12 Hormone (ADH) Kidney 6

7 Regulation of fluid homeostasis BP Renin-angiotensinaldosterone system A proteolytic enzyme From vascular endothelial cells Angiotensin I angiotensin II Liver Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Renin Angiotensinconverting enzyme Aldosterone Sodium retention Potassium excretion Hypothalamus d renal perfusion pressure Juxtaglomerular apparatus Lungs Water retention Antidiuretic Chen 13 Hormone (ADH) Adrenal Kidney Regulation of fluid homeostasis BP Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Angiotensin II angiotensin III By a plasma Removal of an aspartic acid residue Angiotensin II vs angiotensin III Potency in aldosterone-stimulating ability Angiotensin > angiotensin Concentration Chen 14 7

8 Regulation of fluid homeostasis BP Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Angiotensin II Conservation of body water through aldosterone action A potent glomerular filtration rate and filtered load of Stim. thirst center in hypothalamus Chen 15 Regulation of fluid homeostasis BP Liver Angiotensinogen Renin-angiotensinaldosterone system Angiotensin I Renin (inactive) d renal perfusion pressure Juxtaglomerular apparatus Aldosterone Adrenal cortical cells Na-retaining activity K excretion Angiotensin II Angiotensinconverting enzyme (active) Aldosterone Lungs Adrenal Sodium retention Kidney Potassium excretion Hypothalamus Water retention Antidiuretic Chen 16 Hormone (ADH) 8

9 Maintenance of fluid homeostasis Aldosterone Produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex Acts on the kidney active reabsorption of Na + in the distal and collecting tubules Transcription and translation of new proteins Chen 17 Maintenance of fluid homeostasis Factors affecting the release of aldosterone angiotensin II ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide K concentration ACTH Na Chen 18 9

10 Summary of Maintenance of fluid homeostasis Chen 19 Fig. 14-5, p. 508 Summary of Maintenance of fluid homeostasis Chen 20 10

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