Name: Form: Teacher:

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1 Name: Form: Teacher:

2 Topic 1: pplied anatomy and physiology 1.1 The structure and functions of the skeletal system- Part 1 1. List three major types of bones, found in the human skeleton. (3) (i) Irregular (ii) (iii) (iv) 2. Except for the femur, provide the names of two other bones in the leg that are classified as long bones. (2) a) b) 3. The humerus is a long bone. Which of the following statements correctly identifies a function of the humerus and its associated advantage to the performer in the statement? (1) a hockey player can reach further to hit the ball as the humerus is a long bone a footballer can kick the ball harder due to the length of the humerus the humerus acts as a lever so a hockey player can apply more force to the ball the humerus protects the footballer from injury 4. Name the bones of the upper and lower arm? (3)

3 5. Name the anatomical name for the following bones (5) a) Skull- b) Knee cap- c) ollar one- d) Shoulder blade- e) Wrist-. 6. The following are regions or bones of the vertebral column. Place these regions of the vertebral column in the order they appear after the bones tlas and xis. (4) tlas xis Total: / The structure and functions of the skeletal system- Part 2 1. Figure 4 shows a high board diver in flight. omplete the following statements about the diver. (i) The high diver has... his legs at the knee and folded his body by... at the... joint to allow him to bend forward. (3) (ii) The diver s arms are... at the elbow. The muscle that contracts to bring about this movement is the... (2)

4 iii) Movement occurs at the joints. The hip and shoulder provide the greatest range of movement in the body. What type of joint are the hip and shoulder?... (1) 2. Figure 5 is a diagram of a joint. i) What is the name and type of joint shown in Figure 5? (2) Joint name... Joint type... (ii) Name the bones of the joint labelled, and in Figure 5. (3) Using examples to illustrate your answer, describe the differences between slow and fast twitch muscle fibres. (4).. 4. What percentage of fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres would a midfield football player need and why? (3).. Total /18

5 1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system- Part 1 1. (i) lood is circulated around the body. Name the type of blood vessel that returns blood to the heart. (1)... (ii) This type of blood vessel contains valves. What is the function of these valves? (1) 2. lood is made up of different components. omplete the table below by identifying the: (6) (i) components; (ii) function of each component; (iii) importance to the sports performer. omponent of blood Function of each component Importance to sports performer Oxygen delivery for activity White blood cells Stops blood loss so the performer can continue to play Total /8 1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system- Part 2 1. (i) Which of the following statements describes the movement of the ribs and diaphragm during expiration? (1) The ribs move up and out and the diaphragm moves down. The ribs move up and out and the diaphragm moves up. The ribs move down and in and the diaphragm relaxes. The ribs move down and in and the diaphragm contracts.

6 (ii) Which of the following statements describes the correct passage of air into the lungs? (1) Nasal passages, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli Larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, ribs Larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (iii) The following statements all relate to the relative composition of air. Which of the statements is referring to the typical composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide in exhaled air? (1) oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide 0.04% oxygen 16%, carbon dioxide 0.04% oxygen 16%, carbon dioxide 4% oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide 4% 2. Figure 8 is a diagram of the respiratory system. (a) Give the anatomical names of the parts labelled, and (3) (b) (i) In order to get oxygen into the lungs the player breathes in. escribe the movement of the ribs and diaphragm during inspiration. (2) Ribs... iaphragm... (ii) Why do the ribs and diaphragm move in this way? (1) Total /9

7 1.3 naerobic and aerobic exercise 1. Marvin is a 200m sprinter. He understands the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to improve performance and the need for an appropriate training programme. (i) What type of food group should he eat to provide energy?... (1) (ii) What other food group can provide energy?... (1) 2. uring a match a player is likely to build up an oxygen debt. (i) If a player has built up an oxygen debt will she have been working aerobically or anaerobically?... (1) (ii) What by-product is associated with an oxygen debt?... (1) (iii) State TWO ways in which the performer could help remove this bi-product. (2) Total /4 1.4 The short and long term effects of exercise 1. Using the words in the table below, complete the following statements about blood flow whilst at rest and during physical activity. blood shunting increased blood flow lower greater (a) lood flow to the digestive system is.. at rest than when exercising. (1) (b) lood flow to the muscular system is.. at rest than when exercising. (1) (c) Reduced blood flow to specific areas of the body is achieved through.. (1) (d) The need for.. to specific areas of the body during exercise means that performers need to consider the timing of their dietary intake so that performance is not negatively affected. (1)

8 2. Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm). Table 3 shows a performer s heart rate at three different times during an exercise session. 166 bpm 74 bpm 92 bpm a) Identify from Table 3 the heart rate values recorded just before exercise starts and during recovery. (2) (b) Give reasons for your answers. (2).. 3. Explain how the alveoli and capillaries work together to provide the muscles with the oxygen they need for recovery after a handball game. (4).. Total /12

9 Topic 2: Movement nalysis 2.1 Lever systems, examples of their use in activity and the mechanical advantage they provide in movement 1. Which one of the following describes a second class lever system? (1) The load is at the right-hand end of the lever The fulcrum is in the middle of the lever The load is in the middle of the lever The load and the fulcrum are at the same point on the lever 2. Label the lever system below (4) Lever class = 2. nalyse how the following parts of the lever system allow the weight trainer in Figure 5 to lift the weight. (i) Fulcrum (2)..

10 (ii) Effort (2).. Total / Planes and axes of movement 1. Figure 1 shows one plane and one axis of the human body. The plane is represented by the square. The axis is represented by the dotted line. Identify the plane and axis shown in Figure 1. (1) Sagittal plane and frontal axis Frontal plane and vertical axis Transverse plane and frontal axis Transverse plane and vertical axis 2. nalyse the movement that has occurred at the elbow and on what plane? (2).. Total /3

11 Topic 3: Physical Training 3.1 The relationship between health and fitness and the role that exercise plays in both 1. Which one of the following is a definition of exercise? (1) complete state of mental, physical and social wellbeing form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or fitness The ability to meet the demands of the environment The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time 2. Performance is defined as how well a task is completed. Explain how exercise and fitness can affect performance. (2) (a) (i) Exercise (ii) Fitness (b) Health is defined as a state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing. (i) How might physical activity have a positive effect on physical health? (1) (ii) How might physical activity have a negative effect on physical health? (1) Total /5

12 3.2 The components of fitness, benefits for sport and how fitness is measured and improved 1. Which one of the following performers relies most heavily on a high level of cardiovascular fitness for success? (1) 200m runner 400m runner 800m runner 1500m runner 2. riefly explain how the gymnast has used power and coordination to achieve the position shown in Figure 3. (i) Strength (2). (ii) oordination (2).. 3. (i) Usman has a short stride length. To improve his range of movement he works on his... a component of fitness. (1) (ii) Name a fitness test that Usman could use to monitor improvement in this component of fitness. (1).. Total /7

13 3.3 The principles of training and their application to personal exercise/ training programme- Part 1 1. illy s resting heart rate has dropped over the last 6 weeks of his training program. Which one of the following principles of training has the student applied in their PEP to affect resting heart rates in this way? (1) Specificity Progressive overload Reversibility Rest and recovery 2. (a) The principles of training are used to improve health, fitness and performance. (i) Explain how the principle of Progressive overload could improve fitness. (1) (iii) Explain how the principle of specificity could lead to improved performance. (1) (b) When would a performer experience the principle of reversibility? (1) 3. (a) The F.I.T.T. principle is an important principle of training. Susanne is a hockey player and she has been applying the F.I.T.T. principle to her Personal Exercise Programme. omplete the following statements about the F.I.T.T. principle by filling in the missing words. (i) F stands for... and means how often you train. (1) (ii) Intensity refers to how... you work when training. (1) (iii) T refers to... and means how long each training session lasts. (1) (iv) Type means that you should make sure that your training programme... the activity you are training for. (1) 3. (b) The following statements explain how Susanne has applied the F.I.T.T. principle to her training. omplete each statement.

14 (i) Instead of training once a week, she now trains... times per week. (1) (ii) Instead of working at 50% of her maximum she now works at... (1) (iii) Instead of working for 30 minutes per session, she now works for... minutes. (1) 4. (a) alculate the maximum heart rate for individuals at the following ages using the following equation (4): Individual ge (years) Heart Rate maximum (b) Now calculate the relevant training zones for each of individuals below. (8) Individual Zone to calculate Heart Rate Training Zone erobic training zone naerobic training zone naerobic training zone erobic training zone Total /19

15 3.3 The principles of training and their application to personal exercise/ training programme- Part 2 1. Which one of the following methods of training is least likely to improve both aerobic and anaerobic fitness? (1) ircuit Fartlek Interval Weight 2. Which one of the following statements is false? (1) The components of the FITT principle are Frequency, Interval, Time, Type The FITT principle overlaps with the principle of Specificity Reversibility can result in a drop in fitness levels The principle of Individual ifferences considers the needs of the individual rather than just the sport 3. Miriam wants to increase her fitness for hockey. Her teacher suggests circuit training would be an appropriate method to use. (a) State two advantages of using circuit training to increase fitness. (2) Miriam adds a tricep dip station to her circuit. Miriam applies the principle of progressive overload to her tricep dip station. She thinks this could increase the muscular endurance and strength in her arms. Explain how Miriam could do this. You should use an example in each of your answers. (3).. Total /7

16 3.4 The long-term effects of exercise 1. Which one of the following is a not a long term effect of exercise? (1) Increased vital capacity Increase in breathing rate ardiac hypertrophy Increased capillary network around muscles and alveoli 2. The following are two training adaptations: Muscular hypertrophy Increased bone density (a) Identify the method of training that is most likely to cause muscular hypertrophy. (1) (b) Identify an exercise activity that will result in an increase in bone density. (1) 3. Explain how the alveoli and capillaries work together to provide the muscles with the oxygen they need for recovery after a hockey game. (4) Total /7

17 3.5 How to optimise training and prevent injury 1. When should a PR-Q be completed? (1) t the end of an exercise session fter a warm-up before beginning the main session efore planning a Personal Exercise Programme (PEP) t the end of the playing season 2. Which category of performance enhancing drugs would an Olympic weightlifter take to increase the weight they can lift? (1) eta blockers Narcotic analgesics nabolic Steroids Peptide hormones 3. Which one of the following categories of drugs would a performer take to mask the presence of other drugs in their body? (1) iuretics Narcotic analgesics Stimulants nabolic steroids 4. Several items of protective clothing are being used by the performers in Figure 3. Identify one item of protective clothing visible in Figure 3 and explain how this helps to reduce the risk of injury. (3) Item of clothing. Total /6

18 3.6 Effective use of warm up and cool down Which one of the following is a not a benefit of a warm up? (1) Increases muscle temperature Increases skill level Prepares the mind Reduces the chance of injury 2. (i) Give two reasons why a warm up should be used before a performance. (2) Reason 1 Reason 2 Total /3 4.1 Use of data Topic 4: Use of data s part of his Personal Exercise Programme Harry measures his heart rate to check on his fitness levels. (a) The heart rate monitors in Figure 5 show three different heart rate values. Re-order these heart rate values and plot a graph to show Harry s resting, working and recovery heart rate 3 minutes after exercise. (3) 80 PM 65 PM 135PM

19 Total /3 Topic 1: Health, fitness and well-being 1.1 Physical, emotional and social health, fitness and well-being 1. omplete the following statements about the benefits of regular participation in physical activity. (2) (a) Participation in physical activity can provide social health benefits, for example... (b) n increase in self-esteem, however, is an example of a... health benefit. 2. Smoking is a lifestyle choice. Explain one way that smoking can impact negatively on health and wellbeing. (2) The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle 1. Which one of the following activities is most likely to reduce the risk of osteoporosis? (1) erobics ycling Rowing Swimming 2. Which one of the following is an example of a sedentary lifestyle? (1) Not eating five portions of fruit and vegetables each day Sleeping eight hours every night Not exercising on a regular basis

20 Playing football at work during lunch 3. Figure 1 shows participation rates in four snow sports between 2008 and (a) Using Figure 1, identify the snow sport with the highest participation rate in (1) (b) Using Figure 1, identify the snow sport with the greatest increase in participation rate from to (1) Total /4 1.3 Energy use, diet, nutrition and hydration 1. Sports performers make sure they eat a balanced diet. riefly explain the importance of carbohydrates and protein to an elite sports performer. (i) arbohydrates (2) (ii) Protein (2)

21 2. Summarise the effects of dehydration on the body. (3). Total /6 Topic 2: Sport Psychology 2.1 lassification of skills (basic/ complex, open/closed) 1. Which one of the following is NOT a type of practice structure? (1) Massed Practice Fixed Practice ssisted Practice Variable Practice 2. Sports skills can be classified as open or closed skills. Explain how a coach would vary a training session when coaching open and closed skills. (3).. Total /4

22 2.2 The use of goal setting and SMRT targets to improve and/or optimise performance 1. Which one of the following is NOT a SMRT principle? (1) Measurable ccelerated Realistic Specific 2. When setting goals to plan involvement in physical activity it is important to apply the principles of SMRT targets. The statements below are all examples of Year 10 students SMRT targets. - I need to take 60 seconds off my 3000m time as soon as possible. - I want to improve by one lap in the ooper s run test within the next month. - I will complete a two mile run in under 10 minutes. part from specific which principle of SMRT target setting have all three Year 10 students applied? (1).. 3. Targets are often used to improve motivation. Explain how one of the principles of SMRT target setting could help ndre and Tracy maintain their motivation to train. (3)

23 Total /5 2.3 Guidance and feedback on performance 1. Extrinsic and intrinsic feedback are used when performing in sport. ssess the relative importance of each of these types of feedback to a group of people who have just started to learn to swim. (i) Extrinsic feedback (3) (ii) Intrinsic feedback (3) 2. Evaluate the use of visual and verbal guidance to improve sports performance with a group of beginners in badminton. (9)

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25 2.4 Mental preparation for performance Pepe is a long jumper who is about to complete his last jump in a competition. Explain how mental rehearsal could benefit this athlete. (3) Total /18 Topic 3: Socio-cultural influences 3.1 Engagement patterns of different social groups in physical activity and sport 1. In 2016 it was reported that 58% of adults do not play sport. Two factors that can influence participation rates are socio-economic group and ethnicity. State two other personal factors that can influence participation rates. (2) (b) Explain two reasons why an individual s socio-economic group could influence their participation in sport. (4) (i)... (ii) hloe is a good all-round sports performer and could represent her school in many different sports. Evaluate the potential personal factors on hloe s choice of physical activities. (4)

26 Total / ommercialisation of physical activity and sport 1. ccording to research, some sports have higher participation rates than others. Explain two ways in which the media can help to increase participation in sport. (2) (i)... (ii) ssess the positive and negative impact on an under-16 school rugby team accepting sponsorship from a company that produces alcohol. (6) Positive Negative 3. Sponsors and the media pay huge sums of money to be linked to elite performers and to cover major sporting events. In 2012, the golfer Rory

27 McIlroy signed a 10 year sponsorship contract with the sports company Nike, reported to be worth over 150 million. (i) Explain the reasons for companies investing such large sums of money in sport. (3) (ii) Sky roadcasting and T currently pay 3.2 billion for the media rights of arclay s Premier League. Outline the disadvantages to a sport of increased media control. (4) Total / Ethical and socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport 1. uring a football match, a footballer may display gamesmanship or sportsmanship. escribe the difference between gamesmanship and sportsmanship. (2) ssess the importance of elite performers demonstrating sportsmanship in high-profile sports, such as football. (3)

28 Total /5 Topic 4: Use of data 4.1 Use of data 1. Figures 2a and 2b show childhood obesity trends for boys and girls from 1994 to (a) nalyse the data in Figures 2a and 2b to determine the changing patterns in obesity levels from 1994 to 2014 based on; age & gender. ge (2) Gender (2) (b) Using the data in Figure 2a, predict the most likely trend in obesity levels for year-old boys in (1) Total /5