SUMMER WORK MRS KANSARA

Transcription

1 Name: A LEVEL PE Anatomy and Physiology SUMMER WORK MRS KANSARA

2 Complete the following activities throughout the summer It is important that you understand and remember all the information included in this booklet as you will be tested on this information in your first lesson back! Activity 1: Using the internet/text books, label all the bones on the skeleton:

3 Activity 2: The skeleton is made up of 206 bones. It comprises of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is: The appendicular skeleton is: Colour the axial and the appendicular skeleton

4 Activity 3: Using the internet, textbooks, complete the table below: Common features of a synovial joint Ligament Structure (describe what it is) A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue Function (describe what it does) Connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement Synovial fluid Articular cartilage Joint capsule Bursa

5 Activity 4: Define the joint movements and give a sporting example for each: 1. FLEXION 2. EXTENSION 3. ABDUCTION 4. ADDUCTION 5. CIRCUMDUCTION 6. PRONATION 7. SUPINATION

6 8. HORIZONTAL FLEXION 9. HORIZONTAL EXTENSION 10. ROTATION 11. PLANTAR FLEXION 12. DORSI FLEXION 13. LATERAL FLEXION

7 Define and give examples of the anatomical terms: Anterior TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE Posterior Superior Inferior Medial Lateral There are five types of synovial joints: Joint and examples Hinge knee Description Movement restricted to one plane. Joint Movement Flexion and extension Pivot - neck Condyloid - wrist Gliding spine Ball and socket - shoulder

8 Activity 5: Plane Description Movement Sporting examples Sagittal Plane The plane divides the body into front and back. Frontal Plane This plane divides the body into top and bottom. Movements in this plane are sideways movements of abduction and adduction and circumduction. Backstroke in swimming, front crawl, running action, cricket bowl Transverse Plane This plane divides the body into left and right sides.

9 Activity 6 Using the internet/text books, label the key muscles on the diagram below:

10 Activity 7 Muscle Pairings - This will assist you greatly in looking at muscle actions and movement analysis. As quick revision session match up the following muscles by placing them in the table below. Biceps Brachii Gastrocnemius & Soleus Gluteus Maximus Wrist Flexors Rectus Femoris (Quadriceps group) Wrist Extensors Triceps Brachii Ilipsoas Posterior Deltoid Biceps Femoris (Hamstring group) Tibialis Anterior

11 Activity 8 * KEY TERMS: ORIGIN Point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction INSERTION Point of attachment of a muscle that tends to move toward the origin during muscular contraction. AGONIST MUSCLE The muscle directly responsible for the movement at a joint. ANTAGONIST MUSCLE The muscle that has an action opposite of that of the agonist and helps the co-ordination of the movement. FIXATOR a muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another causes movement. Muscular contraction - In order to produce the vast range of movements of which it is capable, the body s muscles either shorten, lengthen or remain the same length whilst contracting.

12 Define the following terms and give sporting examples of each: ISOMETRIC: ISOTONIC contractions refer to when a muscle is moving while contracting. This can be divided further into concentric and eccentric muscle actions. ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC