ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO SMALL SIDED GAMES & MATCH PLAY IN ELITE, U19 SOUTH AFRICAN SOCCER PLAYERS

Transcription

1 ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO SMALL SIDED GAMES & MATCH PLAY IN ELITE, U19 SOUTH AFRICAN SOCCER PLAYERS Researcher: Simon de Waal Supervisor: Ranel Venter Co-supervisor: Patrick Bouic

2 AIMS OF PRESENTATION Discuss Small-Sided Games (SSG) literature. Insight: internal training loads Practical know-how, coaching suggestions and discussion of knowledge gained Future studies recommendations

3 INTRODUCTION What are SSGs? Study motivation Aims: Monitor internal training loads of 4v4, 7v7 and 11v11 SSGs. Compare SSGs to match demands. Identify position specific training and match loads.

4 VOLUME AND INTENSITY CURVE

5 SSGS: MANIPULATING VOLUME & INTENSITY Week Format Duration Reps / Sets Rest Week 1 11v11 12min 2 / 1 8min Week 2 7v7 6min 4 / 2 4min Week 3 4v4 3min 6 / 3 1min Week 4 11v11 15min 2 / 1 5min Week 5 7v7 8min 4 / 2 2min 30sec Week 6 4v4 4min 6 / 3 45sec Week Format Duration Reps / Sets Rest Week 19 11v11 12min 2 / 1 12min Week 20 11v11 10min 2 / 1 10min Week 21 7v7 6min 3 / 2 6min Week 22 7v7 4min 3 / 2 4min Week 23 4v4 3min 4 / 3 3min Week 24 4v4 2min 4 / 3 2min

6 THEORETICAL CONTEXT Current emphasis on external load What about internal load, and specifically; Testosterone Cortisol and T/C ratio in soccer

7 MONITORING LOAD IN SOCCER The monitoring of training load is a key factor for the control of the training process in sport (Rebelo et al., 2012) External Distances and acceleration forces that a player incurs Commonly used to monitor training outcomes through physical tests i.e. yoyo II Extensively researched Internal Body s response to external factors as well as player s perception of fatigue The body s internal response is the stimulus for adaptation through training Less well researched Impellizeri et al., 2004 & Casamichana et al., 2013

8 TESTOSTERONE, CORTISOL, T:C RATIO Endocrine System Testostero ne Cortisol T:C Ratio

9 TESTOSTERONE Primary androgen hormone that interacts with skeletal muscle tissue. Circulating testosterone as proposed physiological marker for anabolic status of the body (Baechle & Earle., 2016). Testosterone induces protein synthesis. Increase in peripheral blood [testosterone] in men immediately post high-intensity aerobic endurance & resistance exercise.

10 CORTISOL Catabolic hormone in skeletal muscle (Baechle & Earle., 2016). Primary signal hormone for protein metabolism? Cortisol increases in response to resistance exercise. Cortisol as a marker for whole body tissue breakdown. Cortisol suppresses T cells resulting in a direct influence on recovery.

11 T/C RATIO Resting levels used in variety of sports to monitor overtraining (Banfi & Dolci., 2006). Can be used in soccer to monitor and prevent chronic overtraining / control training processes (Alexiou & Coutts., 2008). Decrease in T/C ratio leading to chronic muscle breakdown and a suppressed immune system.

12 ACUTE HORMONE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE [Testosterone] [Cortisol] T/C Ratio

13 METHODOLOGY 22 players, 4 subgroups U19? (Buchheit, 2017) Saliva sampling vs blood sampling (Moreira et al., 2009) Diurnal Storage Analysis through Synexa Life Sciences (Pty Ltd.) Descriptive and longitudinal study design.

14 TIMELINE Mid Season Break? August September October November December January February March Baseline PS Friendly 11v11 4v4 Baseline ES YoYo II Competitive 7v7

15 RESULTS: CORTISOL Statistically significant differences between letters. p < 0.05

16 RESULTS: TESTOSTERONE Statistically significant differences between letters. p < 0.05

17 RESULTS: T/C RATIO Statistically significant differences between letters. p < 0.05

18 SUMMARY & SUGGESTIONS Moreira et al. (2009) adaptation of elite athletes and lack of competitiveness Splerich et al (2012) cortisol as a marker of psycho-physiological stress Internal response vs external loading: total training load Use of 11v11 and 7v7 SSGs? Alternatives?

19 SUMMARY & SUGGESTIONS Chronic [T:C] increase of 48% - optimal T:C ratio and Banfi & Dolci s (2006) -30% Conundrum of the Yoyo II a matter of time or internal response to training? Kelly et al., (2013) principle of specificity re: training intensity and match demand.

20 LIMITATIONS Cost of sampling R per sample Player willingness Sample size Season structure Inter and intra individual variability

21 FUTURE STUDIES Larger study sample to increase external validity. Individual, repeated measures approach for variability. Sampling in conjunction with external load monitoring. Standardised SSGs. Optimal T:C ratio

22 REFERENCES Alexiou, H., & Coutts, AJ. (2006). A comparison of methods used for quantifying internal training load in women soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Baechle, TR., & Earle, RW. (2016). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. National Strength and Conditioning Association, Banfi, G., & Dolci, A. (2006). Free Testosterone/cortisol ratio in soccer: usefulness of a categorization of values. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Buchheit, M. (2017). Casamichana, D., Castellano, J., Calleja-Gonzalez, J., San Roman, J., & Castagna, C. (2013). Relationship between indicators of training load in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Dellal, A. (2013). Influence of game format and number of players on heart rate responses and physical demands in smallsided soccer games. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Dellal, A., Varliette, C., Owen, A., Chirico, E., & Pialoux, V. (2012). Small-sided games versus interval training in amateur soccer players: effects on the aerobic capacity and the ability to perform intermittent exercises with changes of direction. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,

23 REFERENCES Frauda, L., Zubillaga, A., Caro, O., Fernandez-Garcia, A. I., Ruiz-Ruiz, C., & Tenga, A. (2013). Designing small-sided games for training tactical aspects in soccer: Extrapolating pitch sizes from full-size professional matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, Hill Haas, SV., Dawson, B., Impellizzeri, FM., & Coutts, AJ. (2011). Physiology of Small- Sided Games Training in Football. Journal of Sports Medicine, Hodgson, C., Akenhead, R., & Thomas, K. (2014). Time-motion analysis of acceleration demands of 4v4 small-sided soccer games played on different pitch sizes. Human Movement Science, Impellizzeri, F., Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. S., & Marcora, S. (2004). Use of RPE-based training loads in soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Kelly, DM., Gregson, W., Reilly, T., & Drust, B. (2013) The development of soccer-specific training drills for elite-level players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Moreira, A., McGuigan, M., Arruda, A., Freitas, C., & Aoki, M. (2012). Monitoring internal load parameters during simulated and official basketball matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,

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