Running Header: CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB- MAXIMAL WORK. Cardiovascular Response at Rest and During Sub-Maximal work

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Running Header: CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB- MAXIMAL WORK. Cardiovascular Response at Rest and During Sub-Maximal work"

Transcription

1 Running Header: CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB- MAXIMAL WORK Cardiovascular Response at Rest and During Sub-Maximal work Exercise Physiology Lab 4 Kin 3010 Name: MariaCristina De Rose Student #: Due: November 14 th 2013 Due To: Alison Ludzki

2 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 2 Abstract M De Rose. Cardiovascular Response at Rest and During Sub-Maximal Work of two Healthy Active Young Adult Females While performing sub-maximal work, blood pressure (BP) is calculated in response to exercise mode and their intensities. Two protocols, endurance and resistance, were done to investigate the increase in BP whereby further calculations were performed to establish systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. An increase in work is proportional to the increase in BP. Systolic and diastolic pressures differ slightly with the different modes of exercise. All in all the cardiovascular response to work is an elevation in total BP. KEY WORDS: Sub-Maximal Work, Aerobic, Resistance, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Systolic, Diastolic, Mean Arterial Pressure, Total Peripheral Resistance

3 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 3 Introduction Cardiac output (Q) heart rate (HR), blood pressure (systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) are just a few physical changes that happen with an increased metabolic activity (Sprangers et al., 1991). These increases are crucial as they aid the body in regaining homeostasis. The responses of the body differ depending on the state in which the body is in; at rest or under a stress. Reactions within the body will happen regardless, yet the time in which they take, differs. Muscle sets the demand in terms of energy production, but this is not the only factor that regulates its production. The respiration and cardiovascular units must systematically respond to changes in concentrations, such as oxygen (PO 2 ) and carbon (PCO 2 ) concentrations. In order for quick product / by-product exchange to occur, the O 2 must be loaded into the blood at the lungs and unloaded at the muscle while CO 2 is ultimately undergoing the opposite reactions, loading of CO 2 into the blood at the muscular level and unloading it into the lungs to be expired. This happens by an increase in HR, Q, blood pressure and V E. Rate of gas exchange varies at different intensities of work, and this phenomenon is not fully understood, as there are many variables to account for when examining the flow of gas and blood. However, knowing the basic physiological adaptations at rest can help with better understanding the processes happening with increases in intensity. At rest, there is a required amount of energy that is said to be the basal metabolic rate (Nishimoto et al., 2012) therefore, with an increase in work there is an increased demand for energy which sends signs to increase regulation of the cardiorespiratory system; HR, blood pressure, VO 2. HR increases in order to deliver more oxygenated blood to the tissues, a climb in VO 2 is due to the increased O 2 demand, and overall blood pressure increases since there is greater pressure on the vessel walls. Blood pressure is an interesting variable to examine since there is

4 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 4 both vasodilation and vasoconstriction at the local and peripheral vessels, respectfully with a final outcome of overall increase in pressure (Brett et al.,2000, MacDougall et al., 1985). Through calculations, we are able to identify the rise of the different elements of the cardiorespiratory system by using the appropriate equations; Q (Q=5xVO 2 +5), stroke volume (SV) (SV= Q/HR), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). In knowing this information, better understanding of the differences at any given workload within body is gained, examples being sub-maximal vs maximal VO 2 test, and resistance vs1rm tests (MacDougall et al., 1985). During the laboratory performed, this concept was explored, cardiorespiratory difference at rest, during aerobic and resistance training. The rise of all variables is expected with a larger workload since there is a proportional relation. The opposite outcome is expected of TPR due to its inversely proportional relationship. Methods Subject The participants were healthy females, aged 20-22, with average height and weight. The subjects self-classified as being active individuals, which would suggest normal values for both HR and blood pressure. Testing Procedure MOXUS Metabolic Cart and On-line System is the main tool used to aid in the collection of data during the testing of the cardiorespiratory systems when performing sub-maximal VO 2 test. The headpiece, as a whole, consists of a mouthpiece, spit cylinder, two 2-way valves, and the headpiece, rests on the subjects head and is used to analyze inspired and expired air. The nose piece is essential as it ensures all airflow is to and from the mouth where no air is gained or

5 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 5 lost through the nose. Heart rate (HR) is measured via a monitor that is worn by the subjects, which then transmits data onto a watch that is then read and recorded. Blood pressure is measured via a blood pressure cuff, which is taken manually. Responses of the cardiovascular system during aerobic exercise. A cycle ergometer is used to perform this part of the test. This test is only sub-maximal meaning the subject never reaches a VO 2max/peak. The protocol designed increases workloads (50 Watts each time) over a series of stages that last for 5 minutes each while maintaining a cadence of 70 RPM. Increasing workload increases the cardiovascular response. Values for HR and blood pressure (systolic and dystonic (SBP, DBP) were recorded at rest, at the end of each workload (5, 10, 15, 20 mins of the protocol), and 1 minute after as recovery (26 min); from this further calculation can be done (See Appendix). Ensure that subject does not grip the handlebars or hold their breath as this may cause data to be inaccurate. Responses of the cardiovascular during resistance exercise. Dumbbells are used to perform this part of the test (choose appropriate weight. Ensure that the completion of 15 repetitions and 5 sets can be performed). Exercise is performed with weight in the left hand and blood pressure calculated on the right arm. This protocol is designed to increase blood pressure during the series of 5 sets. HR and blood pressure values were recorded just before the completion of each set of 15 repetitions (at approximately the 9 th repetition). Ensure that the subject does not hold their breath or grip too tightly to the weight as this may cause data to be inaccurate.

6 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 6 Results SBP, DBP, MAP vs Time for Aerobic Exercise Sub- maximal test SBP, DBP, MAP vs Time for Resistance Exericse (Time mins) Figure 1 a) 1b) HR vs Time for Aerobic Exercise HR vs Time for Resistance Figure 2 a) 2b)

7 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 7 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 4

8 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 8 Radial Carotid Auscultation HR SBP DBP Pulse Pulse (BPM) monitor (mmhg) (mmhg) (BPM) (BPM) (BPM) Rest Table 1. Resting HR and BP for Aerobic Subject Power Time HR SBP DBP VO 2 VCO 2 Output (W) (min) (BPM) (mmhg) (mmhg) (L/min) (L/min) Rest Sit on Bike W W W Recovery Table 2. Measured Cardiovascular Responses to Graded Sub-Maximal Aerobic Exercise Power Output (W) Time MAP CO SV TPR (min) (mmhg) (L/min) (ml/beat) (mmhg/l/min) Rest Sit on bike W W W Recovery Table 3. Calculated Cardiovascular Responses to Graded Sub-Maximal Aerobic Exercise Weight selected (lbs) Set # HR (BPM) SBP (mmhg) DBP (mmhg) Table 4. Cardiovascular Responses to Constant Load Resistance Exercise MAP (mmhg 3 min Rest lbs min Recovery

9 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 9 Aerobic Exercise Linear increases in HR, Q, SBP, DBP, and MAP during sub-maximal aerobic exercise was easily observed during this protocol. The decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) is also evident, due to local vasodilation (Fig. 1a, Tab.1, 2,3). As time goes on, workload increases, the changes in SBP, DBP and MAP are amplified. This demonstrates an escalated demand by the muscle tissue due to increased blood flow ultimately caused by an increase in intensity. Conversely, TPR, seems to lower with the increase in intensity demonstrating increase local vasodilation in the working tissues. Resistance Training HR, SBP, DBP and MAP all seem to have a similar effect when the stress is changed to resistance training (Fig. 1b, Tab. 4). These values all increase as expected, but since the weight use was very light the amplified changes are not seen. Also, due to the fact that BP was taken manually during a very quick bout of resistance exercise, the changes that may have occurred might not have been fully gathered. However, muscle contraction is likely to be the factor for increase in overall BP, including SBP, DBP, MAP and TPR. Discussion During both the aerobic and resistance exercise bouts there was an apparent increase in SBP DBP and MAP when being compared to the resting state of the subject; the change between types of exercise however differed. A larger increase in pressures was achieved during the aerobic protocol and this may be due to the difference in 1) lengthen of protocol, 2) percent increase in workload or 3) change in subject. During the resistance bout only 5 pounds was used and it seemed to be very easy for the subject. Since the work done was at a low intensity the changes in pressure will be proportional thus, being low. The slight increase that was observed

10 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 10 however may have been due to the slight compression on the arteries caused by compression of the muscle during contractions and by the increase in HR during regular beating ( Q x TPR= MAP). In contrast, if a larger amount of weight was used an increase in both SBP and DBP would have been higher then resting values. During resistance and aerobic exercise SBP increase due to increase activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which signals vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels ultimately increasing pressure. DBP on the other hand does not increase drastically during aerobic exercise because the SNS also signals to the local blood vessels stimulation dilation. During resistance exercise the same signaling happens except that since the muscles are undergoing a large forceful contraction the working muscles compress on the vasodilated vessels causing more pressure, in turn increasing DBP. Another reason for increasing pressure with greater stress, is likely the effect of a larger request for O 2 at the muscle tissues as well as an increased need to remove metabolic waste CO 2 causing increase Q. During any type of exercise there is increase in SNS and the amount of activation will correlate to the change in pressure; easy work - low intensity - low pressure change rate, hard work - high intensity - high pressure change rate. The opposite is true during rest; very low work very low intensity, negligible pressure change rate. The body however is sensitive to change, so even the slightest movement can increase BP momentarily. Comparing BP values for rest and sitting on the bike are almost identical. The waiting time of 5 minutes at rest and 3 minutes sitting allows for the small spike in pressure to dissipate; therefore, since there are no physiological increases there is no difference at rest and sitting on the bike. All observations for this report as stated above were made on healthy females, that selfclassified as being active, however active does not assume trained. When comparing trained

11 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 11 individuals (TI) to untrained individuals (UTI) it is expected that the TI will have a slightly lower BP due to any or all of the listed factors; ability to maintain blood flow to non-active tissues, delayed responses to increase SV (stronger left ventricle), less metabolic activation needed to work, and ability to prolong endurance (Hambrecht et al., 2000, Levy et al., 1998). The following adaptations lower Q since HR and SV are lower; therefore, allowing the body to be more efficient at any given workload. With this said TI might also have lower BP at rest since they are less likely to experience SBP spikes with sudden movement since they have a reduced SNS. During exercise or at an absolute workload (example 150 watts) TI will also have a lower BP compared to UTI. This statement is valid because at any given workload TI will have a lower HR then an UTI. Since HR correlates to BP (CO= MAP/TPR) this shows that BP indeed will be lower. Knowing that BP increases with intensity and exercise we can precisely state that MAP also increases. MAP is the sum of the systolic phase and the diastolic phase. However, we are presented with two different equations to calculate MAP at rest and exercise. This is due to the fact that the percent of each phase changes with exercise. Understanding that at exercise both the systolic phase and the diastolic phase are about even helps us understand why the equation is half SBP plus half DBP. At rest the systolic phase accounts for one third of the equation because more time is taken to fill the ventricle then to eject blood from the ventricle. Therefore, the diastolic phase accounts for the larger part of the equation being two thirds (Rogers et al., 2000, Appendix 1). As mentioned above, small motions can cause a spike in pressure ultimately changing it. Movements such as kicking, making a fist, shoulder shrugs can cause slight increases to BP. When doing the aerobic protocol the subject is instructed to not grip the handle bars tightly while

12 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 12 BP is taken. The reasoning behind this is because gripping the bars can cause tension in the arm muscles, a miniature isometric contraction, causing a slight increase in pressure in the arm. The mechanical compression can potentially elevate BP as the cuff is placed around and BP is read using the arm (brachiocephalic artery). Similar to the gripping movement, during the resistance protocol the subject is told not to hold their breath but instead exhale as the weight is being lifted. This is done in attempt to ensure measurement accuracy. Intra-abdominal is increased when there is a change in breathing patterns. The intra-abdominal muscles push against the thoracic walls and ultimately decreasing the space that the heart has to complete its contraction (Paprika et al., 2011). MacDougall et al., shows that this can raise values during exercise and during the performance of muscle contraction (1985). Exploring the effects of BP with exercise of any type can help us investigate whether or not resistance training has an affect on causing hypertension, the chronic state of high BP. There are many factors to consider when trying to find an answer; duration, frequency. Some studies state that there is a positive change the hypertension can stem from resistance training (Collier et al, 2008), while others show insignificant effect (Fleck, 1988). When exploring the literature Kelley et al concluded resistance training, if done properly shows no increase to resting levels of BP (2000). Also, according to Canadian Society of Exercise Physiologists (CSEP) Physical Activity Guidelines adults and older adults 65+ should engage in strengthening activities, at least 2 days per week as they provide numerous benefits (2013). With this research done, data suggests that weight/resistance exercise has no negative affects and if there are, they are positive helping lower BP.

13 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 13 Conclusion In an attempt to explore the relationship between the cardiovascular system and exercise the conclusion is that an increase in intensity will also increase BP and HR independent of the mode chosen. Our results mirror similar studies such as that done by Hambrecht et al. (2000). Moreover, raised levels of SBP, DBP and MAP with both aerobic and resistance training run true with current literature. All in all subjects of this protocol experienced the effects of the cardiovascular system at sub-maximal exercise, which is an increase in total BP.

14 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 14 References Brett, S. E., Ritter, J. M., & Chowienczyk, P. J. (2000). Diastolic Blood Pressure Changes During Exercise Positively Correlate With Serum Cholesterol and Insulin Resistance. Circulation, 101(6), doi: /01.cir Cameron, J. D., & Dart, A. M. (1994). Exercise training increases total systemic arterial compliance in humans. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 266(2), H693 H701. Collier, S. R., Kanaley, J. A., Carhart, R., Frechette, V., Tobin, M. M., Hall, A. K., Fernhall, B. (2008). Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives. Journal of Human Hypertension, 22(10), doi: /jhh CSEP- PATH (2013). Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. Fleck, S. J. (1988). Cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 20(5 Suppl), S Hambrecht R, Gielen S, Linke A, & et al. (2000). Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function and peripheral resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized trial. JAMA, 283(23), doi: /jama Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2000). Progressive Resistance Exercise and Resting Blood Pressure A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Hypertension, 35(3), doi: /01.hyp Levy, W. C., Cerqueira, M. D., Harp, G. D., Johannessen, K.-A., Abrass, I. B., Schwartz, R. S., & Stratton, J. R. (1998). Effect of endurance exercise training on heart rate variability at rest

15 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 15 in healthy young and older men. The American Journal of Cardiology, 82(10), doi: /s (98) MacDougall, J. D., Tuxen, D., Sale, D. G., Moroz, J. R., & Sutton, J. R. (1985). Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 58(3), Paprika, D., Judák, L., Korsós, A., Rudas, L., & Zöllei, E. (2011). The effects of acute blood loss on blood pressure recovery from the valsalva maneuver. Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical, 160(1-2), doi: Rogers, G., & Oosthuyse, T. (2000). A comparison of the indirect estimate of mean arterial pressure calculated by the conventional equation and calculated to compensate for a change in heart rate. International journal of sports medicine, 21(02), Sprangers, R. L., Wesseling, K. H., Imholz, A. L., Imholz, B. P., & Wieling, W. (1991). Initial blood pressure fall on stand up and exercise explained by changes in total peripheral resistance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70(2),

16 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AT REST AND DURING SUB-MAXIMAL WORK 16 Appendix 1 Formulas: Resting MAP = 1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP Exercise MAP = 1/2 SBP + 1/2 DBP Watts =Kg RPM CO = 5 VO 2 +5 CO = HR SV SV CO/HR CO= MAP/TPR TPR = MAP/CO Extra data: Estimated VO 2 (ml/kg) = Recreational individuals à 50 ml/kg Body Weight of subject doing the aerobic exercise protocolà 74kg Estimated VO 2 max (L/min): VO 2 =50 ml/kg x1000ml 74kg = 3.7L/min Estimated max wattage (W) = VO 2 L/min L = W

Performance Enhancement. Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance

Performance Enhancement. Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance Performance Enhancement Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance Functions of the Cardiovascular System Deliver oxygen & nutrients to body tissues Carry wastes from the cells Anatomy

More information

2. Measure a subject's blood pressure and heart rate both at rest and during exercise.

2. Measure a subject's blood pressure and heart rate both at rest and during exercise. Lab Activity 11 The Cardiovascular System Student Learning Objectives After completing this lab, you should be able to: 1. Define, explain and correctly use the key terms. 2. Measure a subject's blood

More information

Biology 236 Spring 2002 Campos/Wurdak/Fahey Laboratory 4. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adjustments to Stationary Bicycle Exercise.

Biology 236 Spring 2002 Campos/Wurdak/Fahey Laboratory 4. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adjustments to Stationary Bicycle Exercise. BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adjustments to Stationary Bicycle Exercise. The integration of cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments occurring in response to varying levels of metabolic

More information

Cardiovascular Fitness

Cardiovascular Fitness Section III: Concept 08 Cardiovascular Fitness Cardiovascular Fitness "Cardio" = heart "Vascular" = vessels A strong heart and healthy vessels (developed from regular physical activity) help to make a

More information

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP Ashley Wagner, Sochi 2014 www.gotceleb.com Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP Adjunct Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota http://saliterman.umn.edu/ Aerobic (Oxidative Phosphorylation)

More information

Chapter 9, Part 2. Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise

Chapter 9, Part 2. Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise Chapter 9, Part 2 Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise Electrical Activity of the Heart Contraction of the heart depends on electrical stimulation of the myocardium Impulse is initiated in the right

More information

Cardiac Output MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007

Cardiac Output MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007 Cardiac Output MCQ Abdel Moniem Ibrahim Ahmed, MD Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology Cairo University 2007 90- Guided by Ohm's law when : a- Cardiac output = 5.6 L/min. b- Systolic and diastolic BP

More information

Content Display. - Introduction to Unit 4. Unit 4 - Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise : Lesson 1. KINE xxxx Exercise Physiology

Content Display. - Introduction to Unit 4. Unit 4 - Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise : Lesson 1. KINE xxxx Exercise Physiology Content Display Unit 4 - Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise : Lesson KINE xxxx Exercise Physiology 5 Unit 4 - Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise Lesson U4LP - Introduction to Unit 4 The specific

More information

Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Samaria K. Cooper. Ball State University

Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Samaria K. Cooper. Ball State University Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Samaria K. Cooper Ball State University School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science Advanced Physiology 493s1 Dr. Anthony D. Mahon 6 December

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education The Effects of Exercise These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities

More information

Fitness and You. What is Physical Fitness? 3/10/ health related components of physical fitness

Fitness and You. What is Physical Fitness? 3/10/ health related components of physical fitness Fitness and You What is Physical Fitness? True fitness is maintaining recommended levels of activity and proper nutrition to allow achievement of fitness standards in ALL 5 COMPONENTS OF FITNESS. 5 health

More information

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning 1 CHAPTER 13 Knowledge Review Q1: Why is fitness testing useful? A1: Fitness testing is useful for various reasons: 1. It can help

More information

d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology

d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology What can your remember about the heart and blood vessels? What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system,

More information

Blood Pressure and its Regulation

Blood Pressure and its Regulation Blood Pressure and its Regulation Blood pressure in your blood vessels is closely monitored by baroreceptors; they send messages to the cardio regulatory center of your medulla oblongata to regulate your

More information

Lab Six: Maximal Exercise. Stephanie Smith. University of Otago. PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology. Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011.

Lab Six: Maximal Exercise. Stephanie Smith. University of Otago. PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology. Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011. Lab 6 PP4, S Smith, 1 LAB REPORT SIX Lab Six: Maximal Exercise Stephanie Smith University of Otago PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011 Lab Stream: PP4 E-mail: smitsm31@suny.oneonta.edu

More information

Cardiorespiratory Physiology

Cardiorespiratory Physiology 5 Cardiorespiratory Training In this chapter you will learn about: Cardiorespiratory activities make up the bulk of the physical activities in Levels 1 and 2 of the Physical Activity Pyramid (Chapter 4,

More information

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 LH8 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY MODULE NO: SRB3008 Date: Monday

More information

Vital Signs. Vital Signs. Vital Signs

Vital Signs. Vital Signs. Vital Signs Vital Signs Vital Signs Why do vital signs? Determine relative status of vital organs Establish baseline Monitor response to Rx, meds Observe trends Determine need for further evaluation, Rx, intervention

More information

"Acute cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise and in different populations"

Acute cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise and in different populations "Acute cardiovascular responses to different types of exercise and in different populations" Dott. Anna Baraldo Phd Course In Science of Physical Exercise and Human Movement - 24 Department of Neurological

More information

Title : Adaptation to exercise

Title : Adaptation to exercise Title : Adaptation to exercise Teacher: Magdalena Gibas MD PhD Coll. Anatomicum, 6 Święcicki Street, Dept. of Physiology I. Exercise physiology 1. The acute and chronic responses to exercise depend upon

More information

Note: At the end of the instructions, you will find a table which must be filled in to complete the exercise.

Note: At the end of the instructions, you will find a table which must be filled in to complete the exercise. Autonomic Nervous System Theoretical foundations and instructions for conducting practical exercises carried out during the course List of practical exercises 1. Deep (controlled) breath test 2. Cold pressor

More information

Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise

Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY 69 Case 13 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise Cassandra Farias is a 34-year-old dietician at an academic medical center. She believes in the importance of a healthy lifestyle

More information

Cardiac Output. Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com ( Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (

Cardiac Output. Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (  Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co ( Interactive Physiology Cardiac Output Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.aw.com/bc) Page 1. Introduction Cardiac output is

More information

Animal Services Officers Physical Fitness Assessment

Animal Services Officers Physical Fitness Assessment Animal Services Officers Physical Fitness Assessment Purpose of the Animal Services Officers Physical Fitness Assessment is to test the general level of fitness based on the general fitness standards.

More information

AS OCR PHYSICAL EDUCATION The Vascular System

AS OCR PHYSICAL EDUCATION The Vascular System AS OCR PHYSICAL EDUCATION The Vascular System Learning Objectives: - Distribution of Cardiac output at rest and during exercise - Role of the Vasomotor centre, arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters -

More information

Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition

Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Introduction Physiology is the study of the myriad functions in a living organism. Exercise physiology is the study of the ways

More information

Special Lecture 10/28/2012

Special Lecture 10/28/2012 Special Lecture 10/28/2012 HYPERTENSION Dr. HN Mayrovitz Special Lecture 10/28/2012 Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) - Definitions ABP Review Indirect Oscillographic Method Resistance (R), Compliance (C)

More information

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Exercise. Evaluation copy

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Exercise. Evaluation copy Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Exercise Computer 11 The adaptability of the heart can be observed during exercise, when the metabolic activity of skeletal muscles increases. The cardiovascular system,

More information

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic equipment Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic,

More information

The cardiovascular and respiratory system

The cardiovascular and respiratory system The cardiovascular and respiratory system For this unit you need to be able to... Learning Outcomes: Covered? Confident? Understand and be able to give sporting examples of when each respiratory system

More information

Chapter 9. Body Fluid Compartments. Body Fluid Compartments. Blood Volume. Blood Volume. Viscosity. Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4

Chapter 9. Body Fluid Compartments. Body Fluid Compartments. Blood Volume. Blood Volume. Viscosity. Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4 Body Fluid Compartments Chapter 9 Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4 Total body fluids (40 L) Intracellular fluid (ICF) 25 L Fluid of each cell (75 trillion) Constituents inside cell vary Extracellular

More information

McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload

McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload Cardiac output (CO) represents the volume of blood that is delivered

More information

Lab 4: The Human Cardiovascular System: Measuring the Effects of Activity on Cardiovascular Properties and Function

Lab 4: The Human Cardiovascular System: Measuring the Effects of Activity on Cardiovascular Properties and Function 1 Lab 4: The Human Cardiovascular System: Measuring the Effects of Activity on Cardiovascular Properties and Function Jana Wong Group Members: Bryan Lairmore, Jessica Chang, Amanda Perez-Stires TA: Nicholas

More information

Great deal of our work activities require physical effort and the manual handling of materials, supplies and tools.

Great deal of our work activities require physical effort and the manual handling of materials, supplies and tools. Physical Workload Introduction Great deal of our work activities require physical effort and the manual handling of materials, supplies and tools. 2 Stress & Strain Stress Undesirable condition, circumstance,

More information

LAB 9: Metabolic Rates

LAB 9: Metabolic Rates LAB 9: Metabolic Rates Introduction: The cardiovascular (circulatory) system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues for growth and metabolism, and to remove metabolic wastes. The heart pumps

More information

Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5. Laura Abbott, MS, LMT. What We ll Cover This Module

Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5. Laura Abbott, MS, LMT. What We ll Cover This Module Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5 Laura Abbott, MS, LMT Master s Degree, Sports Medicine Licensed Massage Therapist Undergraduate degree in Exercise Science Instructor of Kinesiology,

More information

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2 65 minutes 65 marks Page of 23 Q. A person did five different activities in turn. These activities needed increasing amounts of energy. For each activity two

More information

Name Junior Physical Education SGO s

Name Junior Physical Education SGO s Name 2015-2016 Junior Physical Education SGO s Cardiorespiratory Fitness Health and Physical Education 2015-2016 Physical: Wall Sit The wall sit builds strength in the lower body by isometric contraction.

More information

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Method, Technology and Validity

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Method, Technology and Validity Method, Technology and Validity Hemodynamic Basics Cardiovascular System Cardiac Output (CO) Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Variable resistance (SVR) Aortic valve Left ventricle Elastic arteries / Aorta

More information

Female Populations. By: Kelsey Joyce. Group Members: Sooriya Jhanagan, Nelson Ferreira, Lindsay Hummell. TA: Jingjie Hu. Biology 240W Section 002

Female Populations. By: Kelsey Joyce. Group Members: Sooriya Jhanagan, Nelson Ferreira, Lindsay Hummell. TA: Jingjie Hu. Biology 240W Section 002 The Influence of Exercise on Pulse and Blood to the Male and Female Populations By: Kelsey Joyce Group Members: Sooriya Jhanagan, Nelson Ferreira, Lindsay Hummell TA: Jingjie Hu Biology 240W Section 002

More information

16. Exercise Energetics

16. Exercise Energetics 16. Exercise The performance of muscular exercise not only throws a strain on the musculoskeletal system itself but it also tests the reserves of virtually every system in the body. Exercising muscles

More information

Vital Signs. Vital Signs. Pulse. Temperature. Respiration. Blood Pressure

Vital Signs. Vital Signs. Pulse. Temperature. Respiration. Blood Pressure Vital Signs Jarvis, Chapter 9 Vital Signs Classic Vital Signs TPR/BP Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood Pressure Additional Vital Signs Height Weight BMI (Kg/m2) or (702Xlbs/in2) Supine, orthostatic

More information

PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment Guidelines

PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment Guidelines PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment Guidelines PROPEL: PRomoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life* Submaximal Graded Exercise Assessment I. Foreword

More information

Chapter 15: The Cardiovascular System

Chapter 15: The Cardiovascular System Chapter 15: The Cardiovascular System McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2010). Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance (7 ed.). Baltimore, MD.: Lippincott Williams and

More information

Section 03: Pre Exercise Evaluations and Risk Factor Assessment

Section 03: Pre Exercise Evaluations and Risk Factor Assessment Section 03: Pre Exercise Evaluations and Risk Factor Assessment ACSM Guidelines: Chapter 3 Pre Exercise Evaluations ACSM Manual: Chapter 3 Risk Factor Assessments HPHE 4450 Dr. Cheatham Purpose The extent

More information

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Risk Factors for Heart Disease Risk Factors we cannot change (Age, Gender, Family History) Risk Factors we can change (modifiable) Smoking Blood pressure Cholesterol Diabetes Inactivity Overweight Stress

More information

Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Learning Objectives. Definitions Physical Activity and Health

Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Learning Objectives. Definitions Physical Activity and Health Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Bret Goodpaster, Ph.D. Exercise Physiologist Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Learning

More information

Self Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness Cardiovascular Formulas. Grattan Woodson, M.D., FACP

Self Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness Cardiovascular Formulas. Grattan Woodson, M.D., FACP Self Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness Cardiovascular Formulas Grattan Woodson, M.D., FACP Table of Contents Physical Fitness formulas... 3 Peak Exercise... 3 METS... 3 VO2 Max... 3 Ventilatory Equivalent

More information

Levers. Fulcrum Joint Resistance Load Effort/Force must look at muscle insertion

Levers. Fulcrum Joint Resistance Load Effort/Force must look at muscle insertion Biomechanics Biomechanics Is the study of mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living things Is important for you to know in terms of injury prevention as well as optimizing training

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 Terms you should understand: hemorrhage, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, anoxia, myocardial contractility, residual

More information

Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation?

Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation? Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation? Marshall B. Dunning III, Ph.D., M.S. Professor of Medicine & Physiology Medical College of Wisconsin What is exercise? Physical activity

More information

Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review

Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review Benefits of Exercise 1. Lowers resting heart rate 2. Releases daily stress 3. Reduces risk of heart disease 4. Improves circulation and

More information

THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS

THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS. REVIEW CHAPTERS 8, 9, 10, and 12 OF TEXT BOOK Homework Review; Lab 1 Review

More information

Physiology of the Circulatory System modified from

Physiology of the Circulatory System modified from Physiology of the Circulatory System modified from http://www.ekcsk12.org/science/aplabreview/aplab10.htm Introduction The circulatory system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues for growth

More information

During exercise the heart rate is 190 bpm and the stroke volume is 115 ml/beat. What is the cardiac output?

During exercise the heart rate is 190 bpm and the stroke volume is 115 ml/beat. What is the cardiac output? The Cardiovascular System Part III: Heart Outline of class lecture After studying part I of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Be able to calculate cardiac output (CO) be able to define heart rate

More information

Fitness Intro. Freshmen PE

Fitness Intro. Freshmen PE Fitness Intro Freshmen PE Physical Fitness Are you able to get through your day easily without tiring? Does your body respond quickly when it needs to? Are you mentally alert in class? Do you feel good

More information

Properties of Pressure

Properties of Pressure OBJECTIVES Overview Relationship between pressure and flow Understand the differences between series and parallel circuits Cardiac output and its distribution Cardiac function Control of blood pressure

More information

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks QATs Quality Assessment s Introduction UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK Outcome 2 Use data collected in practical activities to analyse how the major body and energy systems

More information

Making Connections Practice Mrs. Fornaro

Making Connections Practice Mrs. Fornaro Making Connections Practice Mrs. Fornaro Name Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Progressive Resistance Exercise Progressive resistance exercise

More information

HEART, BLOOD VESSELS & FITNESS Biology 119. Heart & Artery Anatomy

HEART, BLOOD VESSELS & FITNESS Biology 119. Heart & Artery Anatomy HEART, BLOOD VESSELS & FITNESS Biology 119 Heart & Artery Anatomy The heart is enveloped in a two-layered sac or pericardium. The inner visceral pericardium or epicardium is on the surface of the heart.

More information

SECONDARY HYPERTENSION

SECONDARY HYPERTENSION HYPERTENSION Hypertension is the clinical term used to describe a high blood pressure of 140/90 mmhg or higher (National Institute of Health 1997). It is such a health risk the World Health Organisation

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body The function of

More information

CHAPTER 4: The cardiovascular system

CHAPTER 4: The cardiovascular system CHAPTER 4: The cardiovascular system Question - text book page 52 Why does the human body need a double circulatory system? There are two circulatory systems with quite distinct functions The pulmonary

More information

Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1

Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1 Vert Phys PCB3743 Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1 T. Houpt, Ph.D. Regulation of Heart & Blood Pressure Keep Blood Pressure constant if too low, not enough blood (oxygen, glucose) reaches tissues

More information

Special Lecture 11/08/2013. Hypertension Dr. HN Mayrovitz

Special Lecture 11/08/2013. Hypertension Dr. HN Mayrovitz Special Lecture 11/08/2013 Hypertension Dr. HN Mayrovitz Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) Major Factors Summarized Sympathetic Hormones Arteriole MAP ~ Q x TPR + f (V / C) SV x HR Renal SBP Hypertension =

More information

Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR

Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR Regulation of MAP Flow = pressure gradient resistance CO = MAP TPR Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR TPR is the total peripheral resistance: this is the combined resistance of all blood vessels (remember

More information

Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition Hoeger TEST BANK Full download at:

Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition Hoeger TEST BANK Full download at: Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition Hoeger TEST BANK Full download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/fitness-wellness-12th-edition-hoeger-testbank/ Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition Hoeger SOLUTIONS

More information

VCERT PE Final Test Revision

VCERT PE Final Test Revision VCERT PE Final Test Revision Skeletal System This one is known as the Condyloid Joint Definition: The point at which two or more bones meet to produce movement. Slightly Moveable Joints- spine Fix Joints-

More information

Lab #10 Physiology of the Circulatory System

Lab #10 Physiology of the Circulatory System Lab #10 Physiology of the Circulatory System Introduction The circulatory system functions to deliver oxygen an nutrients to tissues for growth and metabolism, and to remove metabolic wastes. The heart

More information

Cardiovascular Assessment Protocol: Direct Value Max VO2: Very Low Low Fair Moderate Good Very Good Elite

Cardiovascular Assessment Protocol: Direct Value Max VO2: Very Low Low Fair Moderate Good Very Good Elite CARDIOVASCULAR Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, lungs and circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to working muscles efficiently, and allows activities that involve large muscle

More information

Strength and conditioning? Chapter 4 Training Techniques. Weight gain (24yr, 73kg, 177cm, takes 18% protein) Guidelines.

Strength and conditioning? Chapter 4 Training Techniques. Weight gain (24yr, 73kg, 177cm, takes 18% protein) Guidelines. Strength and conditioning? Chapter 4 Training Techniques Minimise the probability of injury Maximise performance Athletic Training Spring 2014 Jihong Park Guidelines Safety: environment, technique, nutrition

More information

Learning Objectives. Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Definitions: Physical Activity and Health.

Learning Objectives. Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Definitions: Physical Activity and Health. Impact of Exercise on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Bret Goodpaster, Ph.D. Exercise Physiologist Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Learning Objectives

More information

AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System

AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System Learning Objectives The link between the Cardiac Cycle and the Conduction system of the heart. The relationship between Stroke volume, Heart rate and Cardiac Output.

More information

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Application of ICG for Hypertension Management

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Application of ICG for Hypertension Management Application of ICG for Hypertension Management 1mA @ 100 khz Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Non-invasive Beat-to-beat Hemodynamic Monitoring Diastole Systole Aortic valve is closed No blood flow in the aorta

More information

ACSM Exercise Specialist Workshop Exercise Prescription Resistance Training

ACSM Exercise Specialist Workshop Exercise Prescription Resistance Training ACSM Exercise Specialist Workshop Exercise Prescription Resistance Training All materials herein reprinted from ACSM s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, seventh edition or ACSM s Resource

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System CHAPTER 16 1 SECTION Circulation and Respiration The Cardiovascular System California Science Standards 7.5.a, 7.5.b, 7.6.j BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these

More information

BIOL 219 Spring Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System

BIOL 219 Spring Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System 1 BIOL 219 Spring 2013 Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System Outline: Components of the CV system Heart anatomy Layers of the heart wall Pericardium Heart chambers, valves, blood vessels, septum Atrioventricular

More information

CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92

CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92 1) Mary is a 20 year old college student What is her theoretical maximum heart rate? a

More information

Learner resource 1b Heart Rate Investigation

Learner resource 1b Heart Rate Investigation Worksheet B AIMS OF THIS SESSION: 1. Learn how to take your own and someone else s radial pulse. 2. Investigate the short-term effects of exercise on heart rate. What is your pulse? The radial pulse is

More information

Blood Pressure Laboratory

Blood Pressure Laboratory Introduction The blood that circulates throughout the body maintains a flow and pressure. The nervous system can change the flow and pressure based on the particular needs at a given time. For example,

More information

PLANK 1 Direct Care Staff Trained in Accurate BP Measurement

PLANK 1 Direct Care Staff Trained in Accurate BP Measurement Direct Care Staff Trained in Accurate BP Measurement 1. 2. 3. 5. 22 to 26 cm Small adult (12X22 cm) 27 to 34 cm Adult (16X30 cm) 35 to 44 cm Large adult (16X36 cm) 45 to 52 cm Adult thigh (16X42 cm) widths

More information

Biomedical Instrumentation E. Blood Pressure

Biomedical Instrumentation E. Blood Pressure Biomedical Instrumentation E. Blood Pressure Dr Gari Clifford Adapted from slides by Prof. Lionel Tarassenko Blood pressure Blood is pumped around the body by the heart. It makes its way around the body

More information

P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp , , , I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System

P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp , , , I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp 360-390, 395-404, 410-428 433-438, 441-445 I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System 1. 2. 3. 4. II. Structure of the Heart 1. atria 2. ventricles

More information

PHYSICAL EDUCATION HANDOUT 3º E.S.O. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH FITNESS COMPONENTS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION HANDOUT 3º E.S.O. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH FITNESS COMPONENTS PHYSICAL EDUCATION HANDOUT 3º E.S.O. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH FITNESS COMPONENTS CURSO 2010/2010 Teacher: Daniel Martínez Gallego IES LA SAGRA 1. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH Healthy: to be free from

More information

NONINVASIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO THE DOUBLE-LEG PRESS EXERCISE

NONINVASIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO THE DOUBLE-LEG PRESS EXERCISE Blood pressure and weight lifting 1 JEPonline Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline Official Journal of The American Society of Exercise Physiologists (ASEP) ISSN 1097-9751 An International Electronic Journal

More information

physiological changes that make a efficient and better able to deliver

physiological changes that make a efficient and better able to deliver Exercise Training Exercise training induces many physiological changes that make a conditioned individual more efficient and better able to deliver and use the oxigen and nutrients and resist fatigue.

More information

SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006

SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006 SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006 The goal of this exercise to explore the behavior of the heart as a mechanical pump. For

More information

1. Distinguish among the types of blood vessels on the basis of their structure and function.

1. Distinguish among the types of blood vessels on the basis of their structure and function. Blood Vessels and Circulation Objectives This chapter describes the structure and functions of the blood vessels Additional subjects contained in Chapter 13 include cardiovascular physiology, regulation,

More information

#6 - Cardiovascular III Heart Sounds, Pulse Rate, Hemoglobin Saturation, and Blood Pressure

#6 - Cardiovascular III Heart Sounds, Pulse Rate, Hemoglobin Saturation, and Blood Pressure #6 - Cardiovascular III Heart Sounds, Pulse Rate, Hemoglobin Saturation, and Blood Pressure Objectives: Observe slide of artery and vein cross-section Auscultate heart sounds using a stethoscope Measure

More information

Determination of Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics from Oscillometric Waveforms

Determination of Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics from Oscillometric Waveforms Determination of Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics from Oscillometric Waveforms J. Jilek*, M. Stork** *Carditech, Culver City, California, USA **Department of Applied Electronics and Telecommunications University

More information

Introduction. Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring. Determinants of Cardiovascular Function. Cardiovascular System. Hemodynamic Monitoring

Introduction. Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring. Determinants of Cardiovascular Function. Cardiovascular System. Hemodynamic Monitoring Introduction Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Audis Bethea, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor Therapeutics IV January 21, 2004 Hemodynamic monitoring is necessary to assess and manage shock Information obtained

More information

Cardiovascular Assessment Protocol: Direct Value Max VO2: Very Low Low Fair Moderate Good Very Good Elite

Cardiovascular Assessment Protocol: Direct Value Max VO2: Very Low Low Fair Moderate Good Very Good Elite CARDIOVASCULAR Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, lungs and circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to working muscles efficiently, and allows activities that involve large muscle

More information

Aging and Exercise 8/7/2014. Effects of Aging and Exercise

Aging and Exercise 8/7/2014. Effects of Aging and Exercise Aging and Exercise Dave Enzler Director of Recreation, Fitness and Wellness University of Southern Indiana Effects of Aging and Exercise Normal Changes Body Composition (muscle mass decreases, fat increases)

More information

The Cardiac Cycle Clive M. Baumgarten, Ph.D.

The Cardiac Cycle Clive M. Baumgarten, Ph.D. The Cardiac Cycle Clive M. Baumgarten, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe periods comprising cardiac cycle and events within each period 2. Describe the temporal relationships between pressure, blood flow,

More information

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries, to the capillaries and back to the heart in the veins

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries, to the capillaries and back to the heart in the veins Cardiovascular System Summary Notes The cardiovascular system includes: The heart, a muscular pump The blood, a fluid connective tissue The blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries Blood flows away

More information

Fitness Intro. Freshmen PE

Fitness Intro. Freshmen PE Fitness Intro Freshmen PE Physical Fitness Are you able to get through your day easily without tiring? Does your body respond quickly when it needs to? Are you mentally alert in class? Do you feel good

More information

THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING

THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING By Richard W. Field Richard Field discusses the concept of pulse rates to determine workout intensities and outlines how the controversial Conconi test can be used

More information

The physical benefits of exercise extend to many of the systems in your body.

The physical benefits of exercise extend to many of the systems in your body. 13.1 The Benefits of Physical Activity How physically active are you? To answer this question, you first need to know that physical activity includes more than just sports. Any movement that requires your

More information

MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE:

MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE: MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE: WHAT IS HEALTHY ACTIVE LIVING? Before starting off on a journey, you need to know what your starting point is. This exercise will

More information

Chapter 24 Vital Signs. Copyright 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 24 Vital Signs. Copyright 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 24 Vital Signs Vital Signs Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood pressure When to Assess Vital Signs Upon admission to any healthcare agency Based on agency institutional policy and procedures Anytime

More information