Correlation of Bicep Size and Bicep Fatigue

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1 Correlation of Bicep Size and Bicep Fatigue BIO-204L-Fundementals of Human Physiology 3 November 2014

2 Introduction There are many muscles in the human body. All of these muscles are broken down into three basic groups, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Smooth and cardiac muscle are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. This means that these muscles contract and relax without the conscious thought of a person to control them. Skeletal muscles are the muscles that allow movement of the extremities (Teitel). These muscles are the muscles that people work out to become stronger and to look fit. Skeletal muscles are the muscles that people look at when trying to determine a person's strength. Due to the social stereotype about greater muscle size equaling greater strength muscle supplements have taken over the health supplement/vitamin market. One of the major supplements that rules the market place is creatine. Creatine is used for performance enhancement and increasing muscle mass. The effects of creatine are most effective in young, health, active adults (Creatine). Muscle size has always been equated to strength. Muscle size and its correlation to strength make sense due to how motor units work within the body. A motor unit consists of a somatic nerve and the muscle fibers that it innervates (Fox). When a somatic nerve innervates more muscle fibers, the muscle can make a stronger contraction. This means that the larger a muscle, the more cells it has, the stronger it will be. This experiment did not focus on exact number of muscle cells innervated by motor neurons. It focus on a broader/easier method of determine muscle size. The measurement of muscle diameter. The experiment focused directly on the biceps of the non-dominate arm. The purpose of this experiment is to scientifically prove that there is a correlation between muscle size and muscle strength. Materials and Methods 17 total subjects participated in this study, 10 male and 7 female. Chosen at random each subject had his or her bicep diameter measured while flexed in inches. Then each subject was asked to curl a ten-pound weight until failure. Failure was defined as an inability to complete a full bicep curl, removal of elbow from knee, or usage of back muscles to complete the curl not just the use of the bicep muscles.

3 Results Selected at random, the male subjects each had their flexed bicep size measured in inches and then recorded. After the measurement, the subjects started the fatigue testing. When each subject failed the number of curls were documented. (See Fig. 1) Number of Curls Bicep Diameter (Male) DIameter of Bicep in inches Figure 1: Male correlation between flex bicep diameter number of curls The female subjects were each selected at random and had their flexed bicep size measured in inches and then recorded. After the measurement, the subjects began the fatigue testing. When each subject failed, the amount of curls performed was documented. (See Fig. 2) Diameter of Bicep Bicep Size (Female) Number of curls Figure 2: Female correlation between flex bicep diameter and number

4 Discussion The data was split into two major groups, male data and female data. In the male data, there was a positive correlation between flexed bicep diameter and the number of curls that were performed. As expected the greater the diameter of the bicep did equate to higher a number of curls. There were two major outliers in the male group, a subject with a 13.5 inch diameter performed 62 curls and a subject with a 12 inch diameter bicep performed 147 curls. The female group also had a positive correlation between the bicep diameter and the number of curls performed, this helped to prove the thesis. There was one major outlier in the female group, the subject had a diameter of 13.5 inches and performed only 43 curls. One flaw that was in our experiment was that the measurement of the diameter of the flexed bicep does not only measure the muscle that is in the bicep but also measures the fat that is in the bicep. This fault means that outliers can skew the overall correlation of the experiment, just like the outliers in the experiment that was performed.

5 Literature Cited Creatine. (2012, December 26). Retrieved November 5, 2014, from Fox, S. (2009). Introduction to Human Physiology. In Fundementals of Human Physiology (1st ed., Vol. 1). New York: McGraw-Hill. Teitel, A. (2013, February 11). Types of Muscle Tissue. Retrieved November 5, 2014, from

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