VO² Max Comparisons between Division III Offensive Linemen and Other Athletes. Maria Bartoletti. Augsburg College

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "VO² Max Comparisons between Division III Offensive Linemen and Other Athletes. Maria Bartoletti. Augsburg College"

Transcription

1 1 VO² Max Comparisons between Division III Offensive Linemen and Other Athletes Maria Bartoletti December 7, 2010 Augsburg College

2 2 Introduction Offensive linemen are notorious for two things: their size and their strength. The offensive line basically has two jobs: either make a hole for the running back, or protect the quarterback. Over the decades the size of the average lineman has increased tremendously. In the 1930 s the average lineman was 230 pounds. Today, the average offensive lineman stands 6 0 to 6 8 and weighs 260 to 350 pounds (Chase, 2007). There is no doubt that the game of football has changed and will continue to change in the future. The game is being broken down and studied by each individual minute of play and how players performance is affected as the game goes on. Each position has been studied extensively to find which attributes make the best player. Some positions value size, some value strength, some value speed and agility, and almost all value mental ability and reaction. American football, in fact, has been reported to combine the physical qualities of nearly all other sports size, strength, power, speed, agility, and endurance. (Soviet, 1988). Despite all of that, there is no question that no matter the size of the player, the most highly fit and trained athlete will produce the best athletic performance and be able to get the job done most efficiently. A study done on an incredibly successful high school football team in Alabama found that, from a practical standpoint, body composition, strength, and power obviously are important variables related to football performance, but maximal oxygen consumption rates have been characterized as the weak links in the profiles of football players (Williford, 1994). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO² max) has been regarded by the majority of authors as the best indicator of aerobic capacity of an organism, and at the same time, the best indicator of an athlete s physical capacity (Rankovic, 2010). More and more studies are being done on what makes an athlete great, and more and more people are pointing to VO² max as the best indicator of physical fitness

3 3 status. American football requires a mix of high aerobic and anaerobic abilities. Anaerobic ability is important during actual plays, when an athlete is usually performing to their max capacity. Aerobic ability plays a huge role when it comes to being able to play through until the end of the game without becoming exhausted. Football players of incredible size and strength may be good players on the field, but they will not be useful for the entire game if they have poor aerobic or physical capacity. So logically, the offensive lineman that is the biggest, has the ability to move defensive players out of the way efficiently, is the most intelligent, and has the greatest aerobic capacity would be of the highest value. This study takes a look at the offensive linemen of Augsburg College, a division III college football team with an average winning record. These athletes are not elite, but most have been physically active for a minimum of four years (some have been for longer), so we would assume they are more athletic than the average college student. The hypothesis for this study is that they will all have relatively high VO² max scores (higher than non-athletes), but they will not surpass those of higher caliber or elite athletes. The Augsburg offensive linemen will be compared to other levels of football players (high school, college, and professional) as well as body builders, Olympic weight lifters, power lifters, and shot-putters because it has been reported that these athletes share strong characteristics with offensive linemen, such as body size and composition, strength, and speed (Fahey, 1975). Method Subjects All subjects were members of the Augsburg College football team s offensive line. They all volunteered for this study for no benefit other than receiving their VO² max score for free. There

4 4 were 10 subjects total, all white males. The average age of each participant was 19.2 years old. The average height was 74.1 inches (6 2.1 ) and the average weight was pounds. It would be unfair to use a body mass index chart to find the average BMI of each subject because all of them are overweight, but most of them are very muscular and a BMI chart would not take that into account. Materials Each participant followed the Bruce Protocol test to assess VO² max. A Sports Art Fitness 6320 treadmill was used and a MedGraphics AVO-2000 Metabolic Gas Analysis machine was used to measure the inhaled and exhaled air. The Breeze software was used to determine VO2 max scores. A separate piece of paper was used to record heart rates. The paper also had the speed and incline grade changes for each minute of the test. Procedure Subjects were tested one at a time. The first thing each subject did upon arrival was sign a consent form informing them of the dangers of this study. Once that was signed they were instructed on what the test would involve and what they had to do. They were then given a heart rate monitor strap to wear so their heart rates could be recorded. They were fitted for a nose clip so that they would only breathe through their mouth (so all air could be measured through the mouthpiece). Once the gas analysis machine was calibrated, they were asked to put the mouthpiece in and step on the treadmill to begin the test. For each minute of the test, the incline and speed were increased. Before moving on to each of the next stages they were asked if they could continue with the test or if they needed to stop. Once the subject was ready to stop, he put his hands on the safety railing and the treadmill was slowed down and incline was decreased.

5 5 The gas analysis machine was shut off and the subject was asked to stay on the treadmill until his heart rate slowed down to below 130 beats per minute. The subject was thanked for his time and given a print out of his score. Subject Time Results VO² Max Max HR Age Height (in) Weight (lbs) 1 8: : : : : : : : : : Averages 9: The average VO² max score for the Augsburg linemen was ± 3.55 ml/kg/min. The highest score was 51.3 and the lowest score was The VO² max variance is Other Levels and Athletes Professional /- 6.6 (Wilmore, 1972) College / (Smith, 1976) High School /- 7.2 (Williford, 1994) Non-Athletes (Iaia, 2009) Body Builders / (Fahey, 1975) Power Lifters /- 4.2 (Fahey, 1975) Olympic Weight Lifters /- 6.1 (Fahey, 1975) Shot-putters /- 5.2 (Fahey, 1975)

6 6 VO² Max Averages Augsburg O- Linemen Professional College High School Non- Athletes Discussion The VO² max scores of the Augsburg College offensive linemen turned out to be what was expected in the hypothesis. In the results listed above, the Augsburg linemen scored lower than every other level of offensive linemen, including other college linemen. The scores for the college linemen found by Smith and Byrd (1976) were far beyond any score that any Augsburg lineman reached. The only group that the Augsburg linemen scored higher than were the nonathletes, but only by roughly 3 ml/kg/min. In comparison with other sports, the Augsburg linemen scored higher than shot-putters and body builders, but lower than power lifters and Olympic weight lifters. This is most likely due to the amount and type of training that each athlete does. Most body builders probably do little to no cardiovascular training, along with the shot-putters. Power lifters and Olympic weight lifters require a higher athletic ability to perform well in their sports. The average VO ² max score of ml/kg/min would put the Augsburg

7 7 linemen at an average rating based on general scale for men ages Only two linemen scored above average, with the rest at average or below average ratings. A big part of the reason for the low scores could be because these measures were taken at the end of the Augsburg football season where the non starters don t practice as much as the starters and all of the linemen have basically been out of training, other than running sprints at the end of some practices. Another reason could be from the linemen just not trying as hard as they could during the VO² max test. It is a very hard test that can be pretty uncomfortable with the mouthpiece and nose clip, and many of the linemen do not enjoy running, so some may have stopped the test early because they just did not want to continue, when they really could have performed better. An idea for a study in the future that would be interesting would be to take pre and post season measures to see if VO² max capacity changes at all throughout the season (and to see how well trained they are when they arrive at training camp). It would also be interesting to compare the Augsburg linemen against other positions from the same team.

8 8 References Chase, M. (2007, May 22). How to be an nfl lineman. Retrieved from Fahey, T., Akka, L., & Rolph, R. (1975). Body composition and VO² max of exceptional weighttrained athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 39 (4), Iaia, F., Rampini, E., & Bangsbo, J. (2009). High-Intensity Training in Football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4, Pincivero, D., & Bompa, T. (1997). A Physiological Review of American Football. Sports Medicine, 23 (4), Rankovic, G., Mutavdzic, V., Toskic, D., Preljevic, A., Kocig, M., Nedin-Rankovic, G., & Damjanovic, N. (2010). Aerobic capacity as an indicator in different kinds of sports. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 10 (1), Smith, D., & Byrd, R. (1976). Body composition, pulmonary function and maximal oxygen consumption of college football players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 16 (4), Soviet Lecture Series 3. (1988). Strength and Conditioning Considerations in American Football. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 10 (2), Williford, H., Kirkpatrick, J., Scharff-Olson, M., Blessing, D., & Wang, N. (1994). Physical and Performance Characteristics of Successful High School Football Players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 22 (6), Wilmore, J., Parr, R., & Haskell, W. (1972). Body composition and endurance capacity of professional football players. Journal of Applied Physiology, 33 (5),

Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol

Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol Effective date: 31.10.2016 Review due date: 30.08.2018 Original Author Name: Richard Metcalfe Position: Ph.

More information

Physical Education Studies Year 12 General. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT

Physical Education Studies Year 12 General. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Physical Education Studies Year 12 General CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Welcome to the quiz for Chapter 5 You will be given 27 multiple choice questions Click on the correct answer Use the links

More information

Below is the scoring range for the VO2 test in different sports:the higher the numbers the higher the aerobic capability. Sport Age Male Female

Below is the scoring range for the VO2 test in different sports:the higher the numbers the higher the aerobic capability. Sport Age Male Female Since I have been working with professional hockey one thing that has baffled me is the importance in the VO2 test. I like to think that with all the new studies and data on sports and energy systems,

More information

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE Content Title: Application of Principles of Training Key points Application of the principles of training Specific examples of how to apply the principles of specificity,

More information

ENERGY SYSTEMS FITNESS COMPONENTS

ENERGY SYSTEMS FITNESS COMPONENTS ENERGY SYSTEMS & FITNESS COMPONENTS THE 10 COMPONENTS OF FITNESS Aerobic Capacity (stamina): This is the ability of your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen through your blood to your muscles, to produce

More information

Year 7 End of Year Exam Revision

Year 7 End of Year Exam Revision Year 7 End of Year Exam Revision Physical Education https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el1_enlemka Starter Video The Exam The exam you will sit is out of 40 marks. 25 of these are multiple choice, 7 are short

More information

CAPL 2 Questionnaire

CAPL 2 Questionnaire CAPL 2 Questionnaire What Do You Think About Physical Activity? When we ask you about physical activity, we mean when you are moving around, playing, or exercising. Physical activity is any activity that

More information

Physical Education. Friday 2 June Question book. Time allowed. Section A. Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes

Physical Education. Friday 2 June Question book. Time allowed. Section A. Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes Friday 2 June 2017 Question book Physical Education Time allowed Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes Section A Ten multiple-choice questions General instructions Fill in the multiple-choice

More information

Repetition Maximum Continuum

Repetition Maximum Continuum Parts of a Lifting Program Before putting weight on the bar, the athlete needs to know some of the basic terms used in weight training. Repetition or rep refers to the number of times you perform a movement

More information

Workbook GET YOUR BODY BUZZING. Module Five Exercise for Peak Performance

Workbook GET YOUR BODY BUZZING. Module Five Exercise for Peak Performance GET YOUR BODY BUZZING Module Five Exercise for Peak Performance Workbook Julie Meek. Performance Specialist. julie@juliemeek.com.au. www.juliemeek.com.au Exercise for Peak Performance Outcomes At the end

More information

Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise. Fitness Testing

Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise. Fitness Testing Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise Fitness Testing Importance of fitness testing Gives baseline data for monitoring/improving performance Can design training programmes based on test results and determine

More information

The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001

The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001 Page 1 of 5 close The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001 There are three main components of an effective weight loss program: Proper diet, effective weight training

More information

A Model of Offensive and Defensive Mental Skills

A Model of Offensive and Defensive Mental Skills A Model of Offensive and Defensive Mental Skills All great coaches and athletes know that mental skills are critical to sport success, but how exactly? Sport psychology as a profession has not done a great

More information

Program Design The Science of Fat Loss and changing your Bodies Composition for the Long Term.

Program Design The Science of Fat Loss and changing your Bodies Composition for the Long Term. Program Design The Science of Fat Loss and changing your Bodies Composition for the Long Term. It is impossible to write this article without it going into depth about scientific processes. It would also

More information

GCSE Physical Education

GCSE Physical Education GCSE Physical Education Extension Work Booklet Name Tutor Group 2 Introduction and Contents Welcome to GCSE Physical Education! This work booklet will be like your bible! Please ensure you have this with

More information

BTEC First Award in Sport NQF Unit 1 Fitness for Sport and Exercise Topic A Revision Test

BTEC First Award in Sport NQF Unit 1 Fitness for Sport and Exercise Topic A Revision Test BTEC First Award in Sport NQF Unit 1 Fitness for Sport and Exercise Topic A Revision Test 1 What are the two different types of Components of Fitness? 2 Aerobic Endurance, Muscular Endurance and Flexibility

More information

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited J. Swimming Research, Vol. 19:2 (2012) Coaching Applications Ernest W. Maglischo, Ph.D. 1970 Lazy Meadow Lane Prescott, AZ 86303 USA ewmaglischo@cox.net Abstract The purpose of this paper will be to describe

More information

THE DETRAINING EFFECTS OF COMPLETE INACTIVITY. By: Sigit Nugroho, M.Or Sport Science Faculty Yogyakarta State University

THE DETRAINING EFFECTS OF COMPLETE INACTIVITY. By: Sigit Nugroho, M.Or Sport Science Faculty Yogyakarta State University THE DETRAINING EFFECTS OF COMPLETE INACTIVITY By: Sigit Nugroho, M.Or Sport Science Faculty Yogyakarta State University Abstract The old adage that what goes up must come down applies just as much to fitness

More information

See you in August, Hinz BE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY PREPARED TO WIN STATE! Soccer Strength Conditioning Program

See you in August, Hinz BE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY PREPARED TO WIN STATE! Soccer Strength Conditioning Program Strength Conditioning Program sunscreen. See you in August, Hinz 303-898-7124 elizabeth_hinz@dpsk12.org BE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY PREPARED TO WIN STATE! Soccer Strength Conditioning Program Soccer player

More information

TRAINING FOR EXPLOSIVE POWER

TRAINING FOR EXPLOSIVE POWER TRAINING FOR EXPLOSIVE POWER How fast an athlete can generate power from a stand still. Short sprinters, offensive lineman in football and shot putters are examples of explosive athletes. An athlete s

More information

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks QATs Quality Assessment s Introduction UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK Outcome 2 Use data collected in practical activities to analyse how the major body and energy systems

More information

Ques%ons from Coaches. Tampa 2010

Ques%ons from Coaches. Tampa 2010 Ques%ons from Coaches Tampa 2010 Subjects: Training Volume and Intensi%es throughout the year Sugges%ons for a high school training program Peaking for Fall and Spring season What changes are made in training

More information

TeachPE.com progress charts

TeachPE.com progress charts Exercise Physiology topic 2: Preparation and training methods in relation to maintaining physical activity and performance Topic 2A: Physiological effects and benefits of a warm up and cool down Term Identify

More information

Resistance-Training Program

Resistance-Training Program Resistance-Training Program Training for a Defensive Midfield Soccer Player Isaac Bahena - April 21, 2015 TRAINING PROGRAM FOR DEFENSIVE MID. 1 Introduction I have decided to project on my brother Nelson

More information

ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION

ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION ALL ABOUT EXERCISE ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION BODY MASS INDEX Body Mass Index (BMI) is a number calculated from a person s height and weight. BMI is an indicator of total body fat and is used to screen

More information

Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise

Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise Slide Show developed by: Richard C. Krejci, Ph.D. Professor of Public Health Columbia College 3.26.13

More information

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE Needs Analysis Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation Introduction Principles of physiology Physiological needs analysis Other performance-determining variables Mechanical demands

More information

Pro Football Hall of Fame Youth & Education. Physical Education

Pro Football Hall of Fame Youth & Education. Physical Education Pro Football Hall of Fame Youth & Education Physical Education Activity Guide 2016-2017 Pro Football Hall of Fame 2016-2017 Educational Outreach Program Physical Education Table of Contents Lesson National

More information

How Energy Systems Really Contribute to Energy Production

How Energy Systems Really Contribute to Energy Production Understanding the Aerobic System By: Dave Lasnier Understanding energy systems and how they work in relation to one another is of utmost importance for any strength and conditioning coach in order to be

More information

EFFECTS OF BADMINTON SPECIFIC CIRCUIT TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF BADMINTON PLAYERS AUTHOR

EFFECTS OF BADMINTON SPECIFIC CIRCUIT TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF BADMINTON PLAYERS AUTHOR PP: 85-98 R. Paper 12 V2/I -I/ Design: Experimental Received on Aug 2015 - Reviewed on Sept 2015 EFFECTS OF BADMINTON SPECIFIC CIRCUIT TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF BADMINTON PLAYERS

More information

BTEC. Name: Student Guide. BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise

BTEC. Name: Student Guide. BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise BTEC BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise Student Guide Name: 1 Before we start Overview This unit covers four keys areas (learning aims): A: Know about the components of fitness and the

More information

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Welcome to the quiz for Chapter 5 You will be given 30 multiple choice questions Click on the correct answer Use the links to

More information

Aerobic Endurance. Muscular Strength

Aerobic Endurance. Muscular Strength Fitness can be defined in many different ways. To some people fitness might mean a slim waistline. To others it could be the ability to bench-press their body weight. And to others it might be a general

More information

CAP Soccer: Improvements in Linear Power (Acceleration) and Multidirectional Power (Agility) during a 3 week Power Interval Phase

CAP Soccer: Improvements in Linear Power (Acceleration) and Multidirectional Power (Agility) during a 3 week Power Interval Phase CAP Soccer: Improvements in Linear Power (Acceleration) and Multidirectional Power (Agility) during a 3 week Power Interval Phase **Scott Moody, Aaron Kleinwolterink Introduction As we approach the beginning

More information

Three Metabolic Pathways. PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3

Three Metabolic Pathways. PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3 Three Metabolic Pathways PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3 The Energy Systems The ability to move, work or play sports is dependant on supplying sufficient energy at the required rate for the duration

More information

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1/27/14. Pieces of Performance. From Puzzles to Practice. Mitigated by: ADAPTABILITY Programming Recovery strategies

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1/27/14. Pieces of Performance. From Puzzles to Practice. Mitigated by: ADAPTABILITY Programming Recovery strategies ENERGY SYSTEMS From Puzzles to Practice Carmen Bott Master s of Science Instructor of Kinesiology, Langara College www.humanmotion.com The Performance Potential of the Human Machine is dictated by how

More information

Water. 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and. C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre

Water. 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and. C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre 10 Questions 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and Water C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre D: Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein 2. What is the correct equation

More information

The Purpose of Training

The Purpose of Training The Purpose of Training Training improves the physiological capacity of athletes to bring out the best performance possible. The demands of the sport can be identified by undertaking an activity analysis.

More information

Chapter I. Introduction

Chapter I. Introduction Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction The body is the temple of the soul and to reach the harmony of the mind, body and spirit, the body must be physically fit (Bucher, 1968) 1.1 Soccer demands

More information

Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis

Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis PDHPE Student Activities Comes to Life Energy Systems and Athlete Performance Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is required to perform any form of muscular contraction. Muscle cells only store enough ATP to

More information

Fitness components & assessment

Fitness components & assessment Fitness components & assessment Key terms & definitions: Capacity: The total amount of energy produced by the energy system (e.g. aerobic capacity or anaerobic capacity). Power: The rate of energy production

More information

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE Content Title: Fitness Testing Key points Why fitness test? Correct procedures for carrying out fitness testing How do we interpret and use the results? Practical

More information

Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review

Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review Concepts of Health and Fitness Physical Education Final Exam Review Benefits of Exercise 1. Lowers resting heart rate 2. Releases daily stress 3. Reduces risk of heart disease 4. Improves circulation and

More information

Discover the right way to exercise

Discover the right way to exercise Discover the right way to exercise Hi, my name is Jimmy Cuneo! Here s a little bit about me Having trained and coached martial arts for over 30 years, I am extremely passionate about training and teaching

More information

Football Speed Agility Quickness Workouts

Football Speed Agility Quickness Workouts Football Speed Agility Quickness Workouts 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Football Speed Agility Quickness Workouts Top 10 Drills. Speed and agility training drills are designed to work all your leg and core muscles,

More information

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book)

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) VO2 Max Bell Work Review Total Lung Capacity (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) *This information was discussed at length in A&P classes. Use your worksheet and write down brief descriptions

More information

How does the lifestyle and training of a sportsperson such as Mo Farrah help improve their performance? Health, training and exercise.

How does the lifestyle and training of a sportsperson such as Mo Farrah help improve their performance? Health, training and exercise. How does the lifestyle and training of a sportsperson such as Mo Farrah help improve their performance? Health, training and exercise GCSE Physical Education To answer the big question you will need to

More information

2016 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2016 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1 2016 PHYSICAL EDUCATION External Examination 2016 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY SUPERVISOR CHECK ATTACH SACE REGISTRATION NUMBER LABEL TO THIS BOX QUESTION BOOKLET 1 16 pages, 6 questions RE-MARKED Thursday 17

More information

505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter)

505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter) Sensors: Loggers: Pulse Oximeter None required Science in Sport Logging time: Not applicable Teacher s notes 505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter) Read The Pulse Oximeter is a simple to use

More information

Anthropometrics and Maximal Physiological Responses of Male Olympic Rowers:

Anthropometrics and Maximal Physiological Responses of Male Olympic Rowers: Anthropometrics and Maximal Physiological Responses of Male Olympic Rowers: 1964 2012 Frederick Hagerman PhD Professor Emeritus of Physiology & Jason White PhD Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology

More information

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning 1 CHAPTER 13 Knowledge Review Q1: Why is fitness testing useful? A1: Fitness testing is useful for various reasons: 1. It can help

More information

STRENGTH & CONDITIONING

STRENGTH & CONDITIONING Introduction to player profiling Introduction We have previously described the demands of the sevens game for both men and women. We noted that conditioning for the game should take into account the increased

More information

1.1.4 Mock Examination Questions

1.1.4 Mock Examination Questions 1.1.4 Mock Examination Questions Questions Q1 GCSE PE students were determined to help their parents, Janet and John, become involved in sport so that Janet and John could benefit from a healthy, active

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education Methods of Training These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created

More information

2015 McGill Triathlon

2015 McGill Triathlon 2015 McGill Triathlon TRAINING CONCEPTS AND PROGRAMMING Presented by Luc Morin 1. Training vs. Working out (5min) 2. Similarities and differences between Sports (10min) 3. Similarities and differences

More information

Training. Methods. Passive. Active. Resistance drills. Hill Sprints. Flexibility. Training. Strength. Speed. Training. Training. Aerobic.

Training. Methods. Passive. Active. Resistance drills. Hill Sprints. Flexibility. Training. Strength. Speed. Training. Training. Aerobic. Active Passive PNF Static Stretching Ballistic Maximum Resistance drills Acceleration Sprints Flexibility Free Weights Endurance Elastic Hill Sprints Speed Methods Plyometric Hollow Sprints Aerobic Endurance

More information

Periodization Training For Sports-3rd Edition PDF

Periodization Training For Sports-3rd Edition PDF Periodization Training For Sports-3rd Edition PDF Sport conditioning has advanced tremendously since the era when a â œno pain, no gainâ philosophy guided the training regimens of athletes. Dr. Tudor Bompa

More information

Locomotor skills: Crawling Running Galloping Walking Hopping Skipping Dodging Rolling Climbing Dynamic balancing

Locomotor skills: Crawling Running Galloping Walking Hopping Skipping Dodging Rolling Climbing Dynamic balancing Code Content Statement Item Specifications Depth of Knowledge Essence S1C1-1 Effectively employ age-appropriate fundamental movement skills in order to successfully participate in a variety of modified

More information

EAT FAT! BE LEAN! Here is the best way to summarize the metabolic needs of exercisers:

EAT FAT! BE LEAN! Here is the best way to summarize the metabolic needs of exercisers: THE NUTRI-SPEC LETTER Volume 15 Number 11 From: Guy R. Schenker, D.C. November 2004 Dear Doctor, EAT FAT! BE LEAN! In integrating our knowledge of nutrition with our knowledge of exercise physiology we

More information

Section III: Concept 11: Muscular Fitness

Section III: Concept 11: Muscular Fitness Section III: Concept 11: Muscular Fitness ١ Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness Include muscular strength and ٢ endurance Promote many health benefits Avoiding back problems Reducing risks of injury Reducing

More information

THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O.

THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O. THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O. 1.- WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL CONDITION? It is a set of characteristics of our body that allows us to perform any physical activity in an appropriate way.

More information

Texans strength and conditioning coach Dan Riley is back for another installment of his Fitness Corner column.

Texans strength and conditioning coach Dan Riley is back for another installment of his Fitness Corner column. Texans strength and conditioning coach Dan Riley is back for another installment of his Fitness Corner column. Riley and assistant strength and conditioning coach Ray Wright will continue to post selected

More information

BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT

BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT PERSONAL DATA Name: Test Rider Date of Assessment: 1 st January 2015 Sport / Level: Road/ Criterium Racing This report details how you performed in the assessment, and how

More information

Physical Education. Unit 1: The Theory of Physical Education

Physical Education. Unit 1: The Theory of Physical Education Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel GCSE Centre Number Physical Education Unit 1: The Theory of Physical Education Candidate Number Tuesday 24 May 2011 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes You

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education Component of Fitness These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created

More information

CONTINOUS TRAINING. Continuous training is used to improve aerobic capacity and muscular endurance.

CONTINOUS TRAINING. Continuous training is used to improve aerobic capacity and muscular endurance. CONTINOUS TRAINING In continuous training, exercise is performed at about the same level throughout the conditioning period that is, it is a continuous, sustained effort. Heart rate should be the determinant

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education The Effects of Exercise These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities

More information

CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT

CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT 13 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO CONSTANT-LOAD EXERCISE ON AN INCLINED STEPPER AND TREADMILL by Brian W. Rieger Dr. Shala Davis, Chairman Department of Human

More information

New Functional Training For Sports 2nd Edition Epub Gratuit

New Functional Training For Sports 2nd Edition Epub Gratuit New Functional Training For Sports 2nd Edition Epub Gratuit Train to perform at the highest level with the lowest risk of injury. New Functional Training for Sports, Second Edition produces the best results

More information

Ratio of Total Carbon Dioxide produced. during Graded Exercise Testing

Ratio of Total Carbon Dioxide produced. during Graded Exercise Testing VOLUME 12.2, 2016 D.O.I: http: doi.org/10.4127/jbe.2016.0108 Ratio of Total Carbon Dioxide produced to Oxygen consumed is predictive of VO 2 max during Graded Exercise Testing David Bellar 1, Lawrence

More information

The Difference Between Tyler and Everyone Else

The Difference Between Tyler and Everyone Else The Difference Between Tyler and Everyone Else There s something different about Tyler. He s a lot like many other people. Still, there s a huge difference between Tyler and everyone else. Tyler is twelve

More information

Nautilus & Athletic Journal Articles

Nautilus & Athletic Journal Articles Nautilus & Athletic Journal Articles ArthurJonesExercise.com Eugene Mercury Morris of the Miami Dolphins professional football team is a product of heavy, progressive resistance. At a body weight far below

More information

1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles

1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles 1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles 1.1.4b Physical activity as part of your healthy, active lifestyle: assessing fi tness and developing an exercise programme Contents Worksheets Worksheet 1: Interval training,

More information

Temporal (time related) aspects of job design the main concern is fatigue: over worked, over stressed etc., rest is required for recovery.

Temporal (time related) aspects of job design the main concern is fatigue: over worked, over stressed etc., rest is required for recovery. Temporal Ergonomics Temporal (time related) aspects of job design the main concern is fatigue: over worked, over stressed etc., rest is required for recovery. Fatigue is associated with (1) Gradual decrement

More information

TREADMILL. Vision Fitness Classic Console TF40

TREADMILL. Vision Fitness Classic Console TF40 TREADMILL Vision Fitness Classic Console TF40 CLASSIC CONSOLE OPERATION A) LARGE LED DISPLAY WINDOW - displays workout time B) ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY WINDOW displays incline, distance, speed, calories, pace,

More information

Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results

Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results Peak Centre for Human Performance 1565 Maple Grove Rd Kanata, ON 613-737-7325 www.peakcentre.ca PERSONAL INFORMATION Name: Kristin Marvin Weight: 158.0 lbs Date:

More information

SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES

SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES VOCATIONAL WJEC Level 1/2 Vocational Award in SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES REGULATED BY OFQUAL DESIGNATED BY QUALIFICATIONS WALES SAMPLE ASSESSMENT MATERIALS - EXTERNAL Teaching from 2018 For award from

More information

Sleep for Athletes. How Much Sleep Are Athletes Getting? How Much Is Needed?

Sleep for Athletes. How Much Sleep Are Athletes Getting? How Much Is Needed? Sleep for Athletes Lindsay Thornton How Much Sleep Are Athletes Getting? How Much Is Needed? 2 Broadly, adults need 5-10 hours of sleep per night Genes play a role short sleepers (consistently sleep under

More information

Sleep for Athletes. Lindsay Thornton

Sleep for Athletes. Lindsay Thornton Sleep for Athletes Lindsay Thornton 2 How Much Sleep Are Athletes Getting? How Much Is Needed? Broadly, adults need 5-10 hours of sleep per night Genes play a role short sleepers (consistently sleep under

More information

Look at the front leg. This is why we parallel squat. Now, look at the back leg. This is why we power clean and/or power snatch. by Dr.

Look at the front leg. This is why we parallel squat. Now, look at the back leg. This is why we power clean and/or power snatch. by Dr. by Dr. Greg Shepard Look at the front leg. This is why we parallel squat. Now, look at the back leg. This is why we power clean and/or power snatch. Photo: Tony Duffy 44 BFS - Spring 2004 Bigger Faster

More information

AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CHARACTERISTICS IN FEMALE AMATEUR LACROSSE PLAYERS IN COMPARISON WITH UNTRAINED FEMALES

AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CHARACTERISTICS IN FEMALE AMATEUR LACROSSE PLAYERS IN COMPARISON WITH UNTRAINED FEMALES 226 Kursīte et al.: AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC... ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CHARACTERISTICS IN FEMALE AMATEUR LACROSSE PLAYERS IN COMPARISON WITH UNTRAINED FEMALES Aija Kursīte, Inese Pontaga

More information

BASIC AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF TOP TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS

BASIC AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF TOP TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS BASIC AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF TOP TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS Prof. Zoran Djokic coach of Yugoslav National Team. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport University - Novi Sad - Yugoslavia 1 Introduction

More information

Vertical Jump Training Exposed: The 3 Biggest Training Mistakes Athletes Make & How These Mistakes Are Severely Diminishing Their Results

Vertical Jump Training Exposed: The 3 Biggest Training Mistakes Athletes Make & How These Mistakes Are Severely Diminishing Their Results Vertical Jump Training Exposed: The 3 Biggest Training Mistakes Athletes Make & How These Mistakes Are Severely Diminishing Their Results Have you been working your tail off in the gym trying to increase

More information

K-STATE CROSSFIT PROGRAM EVALUATION SYSTEM NORMATIVE VALUES. Table of Contents

K-STATE CROSSFIT PROGRAM EVALUATION SYSTEM NORMATIVE VALUES. Table of Contents K-STATE CROSSFIT PROGRAM EVALUATION SYSTEM NORMATIVE VALUES Table of Contents Item Page(s) Health Measures 1-3 Body Mass Index 1 Waist Circumference 1 Body Fat Percentage 1-2 Resting Heart Rate 2-3 Resting

More information

TRAINING PRINCIPLES IN MASTER ATHLETES Antti Mero Professor

TRAINING PRINCIPLES IN MASTER ATHLETES Antti Mero Professor TRAINING PRINCIPLES IN MASTER ATHLETES Antti Mero Professor DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM: TRAINING IN MASTER ATHLETES WMA INDOORS Jyväskylä

More information

Session 13. Fitness and Exercise. Teacher Notes. Physical Fitness. Aerobics (Cardio) Muscular Strength. Stretching. Stability (Balance)

Session 13. Fitness and Exercise. Teacher Notes. Physical Fitness. Aerobics (Cardio) Muscular Strength. Stretching. Stability (Balance) Session 13 Fitness and Exercise Teacher Notes Physical Fitness Physical fitness is a crucial component of living a healthy lifestyle. Exercise is necessary for maintaining a healthy weight and is particularly

More information

Worksheet Questions, Chapter 1, The Warm-Up

Worksheet Questions, Chapter 1, The Warm-Up Worksheet Questions, Chapter 1, The Warm-Up Exercise 1. True or False. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by clicking on (or if you are using a printed hard copy circling)

More information

St Ninian s High School. Physical Education

St Ninian s High School. Physical Education St Ninian s High School Physical Education S4 National 5 Football Contents Cycle of Analysis 2 Factors Impacting on Performance 3 Types of Fitness 4 Methods of Training 8 Principle of Training 11 Programme

More information

North Independence: PE Student Booklet KS4 BTEC. Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise. Contents: I. Quizzes 10 credits each. Reading Task 50 credits

North Independence: PE Student Booklet KS4 BTEC. Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise. Contents: I. Quizzes 10 credits each. Reading Task 50 credits North Independence: PE Student Booklet KS4 BTEC Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise Contents: I. Quizzes 10 credits each II. III. IV. Reading Task 50 credits Research Task 30 credits Website Task 80

More information

23 February Dear Parents/Guardians. University of Winchester Sports and Exercise Consultancy Unit

23 February Dear Parents/Guardians. University of Winchester Sports and Exercise Consultancy Unit Bishop Wordsworth's Church of England Grammar School for Boys is a company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales. Registered number: 07525856. 23 February 2016 Dear Parents/Guardians University

More information

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY SECTION A CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY 188 CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY Fatigue Effects of fatigue on performance Performance can be affected by muscle fatigue, the depletion of energy stores in muscle

More information

Effects of high-intensity interval training on aerobic fitness in elite Serbian soccer players

Effects of high-intensity interval training on aerobic fitness in elite Serbian soccer players ORIGINAL ARTICLE EQOL Journal (2017) 9(2): 13-17 Effects of high-intensity interval training on aerobic fitness in elite Serbian soccer players Bogdan Belegišanin 1 The Author(s) 2017. This article is

More information

FITNESS. Physical Fitness- the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough energy to respond to unexpected demands

FITNESS. Physical Fitness- the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough energy to respond to unexpected demands 1 FITNESS Physical Fitness- the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough energy to respond to unexpected demands FITNESS COMPONENTS Health Related Flexibility-ability to use your joints

More information

Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Samaria K. Cooper. Ball State University

Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Samaria K. Cooper. Ball State University Gender Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Samaria K. Cooper Ball State University School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science Advanced Physiology 493s1 Dr. Anthony D. Mahon 6 December

More information

The myth of olympic weightlifting for athletes

The myth of olympic weightlifting for athletes The myth of olympic weightlifting for athletes Of all of the weight training modalities, nothing compares to the art of olympic weightlifting. The snatch and the clean and jerk lull with their fluidity,

More information

Does the HealthVest really work?

Does the HealthVest really work? Does the HealthVest really work? If you haven t noticed by now, there is extreme pressure by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to provide clinical trials showing statistically valid results reporting

More information

CHAPTER 24. Working as a physiologist in professional soccer. Barry Drust The Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

CHAPTER 24. Working as a physiologist in professional soccer. Barry Drust The Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Working as a physiologist in professional soccer CHAPTER 24 Barry Drust The Football Exchange, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Discussion Soccer is characterised by high-intensity efforts

More information

Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise

Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise Unit 1: Fitness for Sport and Exercise Level: 1 and 2 Unit type: Core Guided learning hours: 30 Assessment type: External Unit introduction All sports performers want to be the best they can be. To reach

More information

MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance

MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance Presented by Coaching and Sports Science Division of the United States Olympic Committee Revised July 2004 MAXIMAL AEROBIC

More information

Top Form Inc. Health Sciences Applied To Coaching Phase II

Top Form Inc. Health Sciences Applied To Coaching Phase II Top Form Inc. Health Sciences Applied To Coaching Phase II www.topform.us Top Form Athletic Training Services Top Form Performance Nutrition Center Top Form Education Top Form Franchising Contracts Schools

More information