CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS"

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter discussed and interpreted the results of the study presented in the previous chapters. It is concluded in three parts. The first part is the discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the results. The second part reviewed and concluded this study. The third part is recommendations for further study. Discussions This study was conducted on comparison the VO 2 max values from the Astrand-Rhyming Test with VO 2 max values from the YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test, Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test and Step Test. The results of the study showed that there was no significant different between Astrand-Rhyming Test results and YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test for both men and women athletes. Methods of measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption As the general classification of the measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption is widely accepted into directly performed in a laboratory using specialized equipment and indirectly field test using indirect the value of Maximum Oxygen Consumption. Many researchers stated that the most precise assessments of VO 2 max are performed directly in the lab test setting (Bruce 1984; Grant et al., 1999, Larsen et al., 2002). There are different possibilities between types of physical activities for testing aerobic working capacity, such as running or walking on a treadmill, cycle ergometer, rowing ergometer and others. Thus, in this study, the results showed that most of the testing methods results were no significant different with results from Astrand-Rhyming Test, which conducted on different physical activities. However, some of the movement patterns were similar during performing the different testing methods. However, using direct measurement of oxygen consumption are always required some criteria that should be demonstrated so the variable achieved should be considered as the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (Pomerants et al., 2004). Pettersen

2 56 et al. (2001) agreed that the most widely accepted criterion for achievement of VO 2 max during graded exercise test is plateau in values of VO 2 max as the work rate continues to increase. Moreover, the direct VO 2 max testing in the laboratory must be done individually and monitored closely that often related to both time and time consumption. Therefore, the indirect field testing do not always required special equipment or conditions as in the laboratory, they are simple to administrate and possible to test large numbers at one time. Nevertheless, the field testing are not as precise as laboratory testing, but they are still considered acceptable predictors of VO 2 max (Grant et al., 1999). Also, Beashel and Taylor (1996) stated that Bicycle ergometer tests were found on the principle of extrapolating heart rate to maximum. Perhaps the most widely used of these was the Astrand-Rhyming Test. It required the subject to cycle for six minutes at a known work load. The work load could initially be set according to the conditioning and sex of the subject. Because it was so easy to administer, the Astrand-Rhyming Test and other bicycle ergometer tests are very widely used. Therefore, as the Astrand-Rhyming Test is the most wildly used and accepted in the world, the results indicated the Maximum Oxygen Consumption values were same among Astrand-Rhyming Test and YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test, whatever the results from comparing between men or women athletes. It could consider the Astrand-Rhyming Test is one of most reliable methods in the indirect testing methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of the measurements of maximum oxygen consumption In the results, the values of comparing the Astrand-Rhyming Test with Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test for men athletes was no significant different, but it was significant different in women athletes. As the different measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption have been mentioned in the previous chapters, the advantages and disadvantages of each measurement also obviously affect on the results in this study. The brief summary of them is listed in the following chart (see table 27), which may concisely explain the results of this study as comparing results.

3 57 Table 27 The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of the measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption Methods of The measurements of VO 2 max Astrand-Rhyming Test YMCA Test Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test Advantages 1) Simple test to administer, reasonably accurate and appropriate for ECG monitoring during exercise. 2) Minimal equipment required. 3) Simple to set up and conduct. 1) Cycle ergometer is portable and less expensive; 2) Upper body movement is minimal, which easier to measure exercise heart rate and blood pressure 3) More applicable for measuring cycling performance. It requires no specialized equipment and allows more than one individual to be tested at a time Disadvantages 1) The test score would be influenced by the variability in maximum heart rate in individuals. 2) It would underestimate the fitness of those with a high maximum heart rate, and overestimate fitness with advancing age (as max HR reduces with age). As it is performed on a cycle ergometer, it would favor cyclists. 3) Specialist equipment required. 4) Assistant required administering the test. 1) muscular fatigue may occur prematurely. 2) Fail to reach true maximum cardio output on max cycle test, because 10-15% underestimation of true VO2 max. 3) Blood pressure may be slightly greater compared to treadmill tests, due to longer muscular contractions, and relative intermittent vascular occlusions. 4) Accuracy is based on prediction of MHR. MHR has a wide range of values at any age. 5) Equipment must be well maintained & calibrated. 1) It requires a constant level of motivation, and the smiley pace. 2) The well-defined testing criteria are needed to ensure that it is a submaximal exercise test. 3) The test fails to account for age or body weight, which can influence exercise responses.

4 58 Table 27 (Continued) Methods of The Measurements of VO 2 max Rockport Fitness Walking Test Step Test Advantages 1) It is applicable to a wide range of individuals. 2) It is easy preparing for the equipment. 1) Minimal equipment required. 2) Simple to set up and conduct. Disadvantages 1) The test and regression equations need to be validated in participants groups. 2) The pace of the walking controlling. 1) The pace of the stepping controlling. 2) The recovering HR should be maintained in 15 seconds before recording data. As Beashel and Taylor (1996) mentioned that the Astrand-Rhyming Test has been widely accepted and used for measuring of Maximum Oxygen Consumption in different purposes and different fields, but as other measurements of VO 2 max the limitations is still no exception in this study. Thus, three of methods measurements results comparing with the result of Astrand-Rhyming Test are no significant differences, but only Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test values for women athletes was significant different, which might be consider as the indirectly relation with the disadvantages from the above brief summary. Obviously, some of testing were easy to organize and did not need to much time to conduct. Greenhalgh et al. (2001) mentioned that the limitations raised with subjects` inability to achieve a true VO 2 max based on established criteria, Perhaps the importance of the willingness of participation and appropriate pace of exercise (Shephard, 1984). Thus, in the results, it took more time to participate in the test for Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test so that the willingness of the participation could affect on the results. The factors related to measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption Since VO 2 max is based on so many different physiological characteristics,

5 59 Howley et al., (1995) argued that most of the descriptive variable which are statue, body mass and age effect on the VO 2 measurements results. As many potential factor limiting VO 2 max have been discussed for many years, the value of the results are tightly related to all of the factors, which affecting VO 2 are often divided into supply and demand factors, such as diffusion, stroke volume, blood volume during oxygen from the lungs to the mitochondria (Bassett & Howley, 2000). A study by Saltin and Rowell (1980) concluded that it is the deliver of oxygen to active tissues that is the major limiting factor to VO 2 max. In addition, Gollnick et al., (1972) studied that a weak relationship between the body's ability to utilize the available oxygen and VO 2 max. However, the level of absolute maximal oxygen consumption increases with age, growth and maturation. The highest level of VO 2 max in females appears after menarche (Malina & Bouchard, 1991), but Jensen et al., (2001) reported that boys exhibit higher values than girls throughout childhood and adolescence, the VO 2 max of adult females is about 80% of the value achieved by the males. Therefore, the gender differences in the study may also affect the results of the VO 2 max testing methods. Therefore, in the results of Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test for women athletes showed that there are many factors may influence the results of the study. There is no much doubt to confirm the result because there are many factors influence on that. Furthermore, there are also limitations due to different methods conducting in the Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test, which is no exception. But one of the most important reason to explain the result in this study have to be considered the argument with the most comment physical activities for indirect estimation of aerobic power, which are running and walking. There is still no agreement through, whether actually running or walking should be used and what distance or duration this test should have. However, the common opinion seems to be that running testing is more appropriate for younger subjects (Larsen et al., 2002). Therefore, the speed of the running or walking is another factor to affect the result in Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test. The last but not the least, in this study, during conducting all the tests were happened in evening, some participants were reminding pre-season training during the test period, thus, it is difficult to avoid some of the participants to perform the tests when

6 60 they were fatigue, which could not remain an excellent physical performance. However, as the weather and temperature were changeable in the evening and those factors often are considered influence on working capacity during measurements of Maximum Oxygen Consumption. Ketsingha (n.d.) concluded that temperature should be controlled under 35 Celsius (), otherwise, it would affect on VO2 max values. Nevertheless, during conducting all the tests in this study, the temperatures were recorded under 35 centigrade (). Thus, it might not be considered the affects in the results during each test. The different five testing results have been comprised in this study. It provided the significant meaning for the study which mainly provided the similarity of the most Maximum Oxygen Consumption measurements between the Astrand-Rhyming Test and YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test, and Step Test testing methods, which were conducted both for men and women athletes. Therefore, three of the hypothesis was supported by the results of the comparison. Only the results of comparing Astrand-Rhyming Test with Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test for women athletes showed different results, which rejected hypothesis 2 in the study. Conclusions The existing data had led to a conclusion that VO 2 max values obtained through YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test, Step Test and Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test (men) yielded nearest results to the Astrand-Rhyming Test and could be used for field test for VO 2 max when the Astrand-Rhyming Test is not suitable. Recommendations On the basis of the research results, the following recommendations were divided into general recommendations and recommendations for the further study. 1. General recommendations 1.1 After comparing results of VO 2 max value between Astrand-Rhyming Test and YMCA Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test, which were

7 61 showed that no significant difference. Therefore, each of value from YMCA test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test can be used or modified Astrand-Rhyming Test value by other researchers who want to measure Maximum Oxygen Consumption in Exercise Physiology field or related to Sports Science field. 1.2 According to the results of the research, using Astrand-Rhyming Test, YMCA Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test can be used for those people who prefer to test VO2amx but without specialized equipments. Therefore, using any of YMCA Test, Rockport Fitness Walking Test and Step Test may apply to the researchers or trainers who are testing or measuring Maximum Oxygen Consumption. 1.3 According to the results of the research, comparing result of VO 2 max value between Astrand-Rhyming Test and Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test, the results was significant difference in women athletes group. Thus, during using Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test should consider the gender difference and well prepare and remain participants in similarity of individual paces of running or walking, because the results might be different with the value from Astrand-Rhyming Test. 2. Recommendations for the further study 2.1 In this study, all the participants are university athletics, which from different sports team and performing in different sports training sessions, this findings were supported hypothesis 1,3, and 4 the expectation of hypothesis 2. Further studies should be conducted to design and selected larger number of participants and the different gender. 2.2 According to the study, most three of measurement values are no significant difference with the Astrand-Rhyming Test value, except the value from Cooper 12 min. Run-Walk Test for women athletes group. However, the most simple and easily organized methods could be applied to general use in the future. Thus, further studies should be conducted into the correlation between different VO 2 max measurements methods.

Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise

Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise Chapter 10 Measurement of Common Anaerobic Abilities and Cardiorespiratory Responses Related to Exercise Slide Show developed by: Richard C. Krejci, Ph.D. Professor of Public Health Columbia College 3.26.13

More information

MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance

MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER (VO 2max /VO 2peak ) Application to Training and Performance Presented by Coaching and Sports Science Division of the United States Olympic Committee Revised July 2004 MAXIMAL AEROBIC

More information

Cardiovascular Fitness

Cardiovascular Fitness Section III: Concept 08 Cardiovascular Fitness Cardiovascular Fitness "Cardio" = heart "Vascular" = vessels A strong heart and healthy vessels (developed from regular physical activity) help to make a

More information

505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter)

505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter) Sensors: Loggers: Pulse Oximeter None required Science in Sport Logging time: Not applicable Teacher s notes 505 Recovery rates and training (Pulse Oximeter) Read The Pulse Oximeter is a simple to use

More information

AEROBIC METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE SYNOPSIS

AEROBIC METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE SYNOPSIS SYNOPSIS This chapter begins with a description of the measurement of aerobic metabolism by direct calorimetry and spirometry and proceeds with a discussion of oxygen drift as it occurs in submaximal exercise

More information

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book)

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) VO2 Max Bell Work Review Total Lung Capacity (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) *This information was discussed at length in A&P classes. Use your worksheet and write down brief descriptions

More information

THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS

THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS THIS MATERIAL IS A SUPPLEMENTAL TOOL. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN YOUR TEXT AND/OR STUDENT HAND-BOOKS. REVIEW CHAPTERS 8, 9, 10, and 12 OF TEXT BOOK Homework Review; Lab 1 Review

More information

BURNOUT The Overtraining Syndrome in Swimming

BURNOUT The Overtraining Syndrome in Swimming BURNOUT The Overtraining Syndrome in Swimming Dr Ralph Richards Introduction There are numerous terms associated with a state of poor or diminished sporting performance; burnout, staleness, chronic fatigue,

More information

ASSESSMENT OF ENDURANCE FITNESS

ASSESSMENT OF ENDURANCE FITNESS ASSESSMENT OF ENDURANCE FITNESS There are two types of tests to assessment of the aerobic resistance: Maximum effort and submaximal effort. In this post, we have written about the submaximal effort because

More information

SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESS IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION

SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESS IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND WEAKNESS IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION Dr Saari MohamadYatim M.D Rehabilitation Physician Hospital Serdang APCCRC, Hong Kong, 6-9 Nov 2014

More information

High Cadence Training for Cyclists. Objectives

High Cadence Training for Cyclists. Objectives HFC Holmes Fitness Coaching, LLC Improving Health, Fitness and Athletic Performance High Cadence Training for Cyclists President Holmes Fitness Coaching, LLC Objectives As a result of this webinar, you

More information

(Astrand and Saltin 1961, Balke 1963, Cooper 1968,

(Astrand and Saltin 1961, Balke 1963, Cooper 1968, 24 Brit.J.Sports Med.: 1979, 13, 24-28 A STUDY OF MAXIMUM OXYGEN UPTAKE AND HEART RATE DURING WORK AND RECOVERY AS MEASURED ON CYCLE ERGOMETER ON NATIONAL INDIAN SPORTSMEN S. K. VERMA,1 MSc, L. S. SIDHU,2

More information

Validation of the Cosmed Fitmate for predicting maximal oxygen consumption

Validation of the Cosmed Fitmate for predicting maximal oxygen consumption University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2008 Validation of the Cosmed Fitmate for predicting maximal oxygen consumption Jung

More information

Fractional Utilization of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Children 6 to 8 Years of Age

Fractional Utilization of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Children 6 to 8 Years of Age PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SCIENCE, 1989,1, 271-277 Fractional Utilization of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Children 6 to 8 Years of Age Gary S. Krahenbuhl, Robert P. Pangrazi, William J. Stone, Don W. Morgan, and

More information

SPORT & MEDICAL PRODUCT RANGE

SPORT & MEDICAL PRODUCT RANGE SPORT & MEDICAL PRODUCT RANGE MONARK LC7TT The ultimate research and performance analysis tool. The LC7TT is equipped with Shimano Di2 gear shifters which allow the cyclist to individually adjust the resistance

More information

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme

Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning It can help to shape a basic fitness training programme Hands on Sports Therapy KNOWLEDGE REVIEW QUESTIONS 2004 Thomson Learning 1 CHAPTER 13 Knowledge Review Q1: Why is fitness testing useful? A1: Fitness testing is useful for various reasons: 1. It can help

More information

Applied Exercise and Sport Physiology, with Labs, 4e

Applied Exercise and Sport Physiology, with Labs, 4e Applied Exercise and Sport Physiology, with Labs, 4e hhpcommunities.com/exercisephysiology/chapter-10-aerobic-exercise-prescriptions-for-public-health-cardiorespiratory-fitness-and-athletics/chap Chapter

More information

Performance Enhancement. Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance

Performance Enhancement. Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance Performance Enhancement Cardiovascular/Respiratory Systems and Athletic Performance Functions of the Cardiovascular System Deliver oxygen & nutrients to body tissues Carry wastes from the cells Anatomy

More information

INTERPRETING FITNESSGRAM RESULTS

INTERPRETING FITNESSGRAM RESULTS CHAPTER 9 INTERPRETING FITNESSGRAM RESULTS FITNESSGRAM uses criterion-referenced standards to evaluate fitness performance. These standards have been established to represent a level of fitness that offers

More information

Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire

Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Predicting Maximal Heart Rate 15 Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research Official Research Journal of the Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Volume 2 Number 1 December 2006

More information

Multifunction device for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in the Step Tests

Multifunction device for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in the Step Tests Journal of Advanced Sport Technology 1(2):2-6 Technical Research Multifunction device for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in the Step Tests Marefat Siahkouhian 1 1. Professor in Sport physiology,

More information

Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5. Laura Abbott, MS, LMT. What We ll Cover This Module

Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5. Laura Abbott, MS, LMT. What We ll Cover This Module Welcome! ACE Personal Trainer Virtual Exam Review: Module 5 Laura Abbott, MS, LMT Master s Degree, Sports Medicine Licensed Massage Therapist Undergraduate degree in Exercise Science Instructor of Kinesiology,

More information

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism. KINE 350-C01: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Summer 2015

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism. KINE 350-C01: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Summer 2015 GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism KINE 350-C01: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Summer 2015 DAY/TIME: M-Th 12:30-2:45 pm LOCATION: Bull Run Hall 246 PROFESSOR:

More information

The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab. Effort Scale. Introduction

The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab. Effort Scale. Introduction The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab Introduction The Chemistry of Running simulation allows students to explore the chemistry and physiology of exercise a field that attracts a lot of interest from

More information

STRENGTH & CONDITIONING

STRENGTH & CONDITIONING Introduction to player profiling Introduction We have previously described the demands of the sevens game for both men and women. We noted that conditioning for the game should take into account the increased

More information

Prescription Fitness. Robert M. Pepper, DO, FAAFP. ACOFP 55th Annual Convention & Scientific Seminars

Prescription Fitness. Robert M. Pepper, DO, FAAFP. ACOFP 55th Annual Convention & Scientific Seminars Prescription Fitness Robert M. Pepper, DO, FAAFP 8 ACOFP 55th Annual Convention & Scientific Seminars RX: FITNESS Robert M Pepper, DO, FAAFP Assistant Dean for Predoctoral Clinical Education West Virginia

More information

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic equipment Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic,

More information

Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake

Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake R. STUPNICKI, T. GABRYŚ, U. SZMATLAN-GABRYŚ, P. TOMASZEWSKI University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland Summary

More information

The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001

The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001 Page 1 of 5 close The Truth About Cardio Programming By Paul Robbins Date Released : 18 Jul 2001 There are three main components of an effective weight loss program: Proper diet, effective weight training

More information

TESTS TO DETERMINATE THE FITNESS LEVEL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

TESTS TO DETERMINATE THE FITNESS LEVEL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS Maria Gateva National Sports Academy (Sofia, Bulgaria) UDC 796.412.2 TESTS TO DETERMINATE THE FITNESS LEVEL IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS Introduction Rhythmic gymnastics is not one of the most explored topic

More information

Chapter 14: Improving Aerobic Performance

Chapter 14: Improving Aerobic Performance Chapter 14: Improving Aerobic Performance Thought Questions Why would aerobic athletes perform resistance training exercises? What are advantages and disadvantages of Fartlek training? What are advantages

More information

Cycling Guide. -PLUS- 40K Time Trial Training Plan

Cycling Guide. -PLUS- 40K Time Trial Training Plan Cycling Guide -PLUS- 40K Time Trial Training Plan YOU ARE UNIQUE. Better training is not always about finding ways to push yourself harder. In fact, more often than not it s about learning how to train

More information

USING PHYSICAL TESTING RESULTS TO PLAN YOUR CONDITIONING SESSIONS

USING PHYSICAL TESTING RESULTS TO PLAN YOUR CONDITIONING SESSIONS USING PHYSICAL TESTING RESULTS TO PLAN YOUR CONDITIONING SESSIONS 1. Introduction Created by Dr Stuart Cormack, Dr Emerson Franchini and Dr Clare Humberstone It is vital for a Judo athlete to develop a

More information

Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power

Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Section 06: Exercise Training to Improve Performance Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Chapter 22 Muscular Strength: Training Muscles to Become Stronger Chapter 23 Special Aids to Exercise

More information

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1/27/14. Pieces of Performance. From Puzzles to Practice. Mitigated by: ADAPTABILITY Programming Recovery strategies

ENERGY SYSTEMS 1/27/14. Pieces of Performance. From Puzzles to Practice. Mitigated by: ADAPTABILITY Programming Recovery strategies ENERGY SYSTEMS From Puzzles to Practice Carmen Bott Master s of Science Instructor of Kinesiology, Langara College www.humanmotion.com The Performance Potential of the Human Machine is dictated by how

More information

2015 McGill Triathlon

2015 McGill Triathlon 2015 McGill Triathlon TRAINING CONCEPTS AND PROGRAMMING Presented by Luc Morin 1. Training vs. Working out (5min) 2. Similarities and differences between Sports (10min) 3. Similarities and differences

More information

Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol

Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol Standard Operating Procedure for Prediction of VO2max Using a Modified Astrand (1960) Protocol Effective date: 31.10.2016 Review due date: 30.08.2018 Original Author Name: Richard Metcalfe Position: Ph.

More information

9 th Grade Physical Education

9 th Grade Physical Education NAME: Class Period: 9 th Grade Physical Education Sheboygan North High School Physical Fitness Definition of Physical Fitness: All though this is a widely accepted definition of Physical Fitness most experts

More information

EXERCISE STRESS TESTING

EXERCISE STRESS TESTING EXERCISE STRESS TESTING Șuș Ioana, Gliga Mihai I. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Strength, power and endurance of muscles The parameters that characterize muscles performance are strength, power and endurance.

More information

Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis

Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis PDHPE Student Activities Comes to Life Energy Systems and Athlete Performance Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is required to perform any form of muscular contraction. Muscle cells only store enough ATP to

More information

SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES

SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES VOCATIONAL WJEC Level 1/2 Vocational Award in SPORT AND COACHING PRINCIPLES REGULATED BY OFQUAL DESIGNATED BY QUALIFICATIONS WALES SAMPLE ASSESSMENT MATERIALS - EXTERNAL Teaching from 2018 For award from

More information

Exercise physiology and sports performance

Exercise physiology and sports performance Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Exercise physiology and sports performance Axel Preßler Lehrstuhl und Poliklinik für Prävention, Rehabilitation und Sportmedizin Klinikum rechts

More information

A Protocol for Establishing Critical Power in Running

A Protocol for Establishing Critical Power in Running A Protocol for Establishing Critical Power in Running A Working Paper Prepared by The Stryd Team 27 September 201 1 Introduction One of the primary reasons for considering one s power consumption during

More information

Paula Radcliffe is an English marathon runner

Paula Radcliffe is an English marathon runner EXCLUSIVE ACE SPONSORED RESEARCH Validity of the Talk Test in Identifying the Respiratory Compensation Threshold By Maria L. Cress, M.S., John P. Porcari, Ph.D., Carl Foster, Ph.D., Pedro Recalde, M.S.,

More information

A Modified Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test Designed to Predict Treadmill VO 2max

A Modified Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test Designed to Predict Treadmill VO 2max Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science ISSN: 1091-367X (Print) 153-7841 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hmpe0 A Modified Subimal Cycle Ergometer Test Designed

More information

Cardiac Rehabilitation & Exercise Training in Congenital Heart Disease. Jidong Sung Division of Cardiology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

Cardiac Rehabilitation & Exercise Training in Congenital Heart Disease. Jidong Sung Division of Cardiology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Cardiac Rehabilitation & Exercise Training in Congenital Heart Disease Jidong Sung Division of Cardiology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Cardiac rehabilitation Agency of Health Care Policy

More information

Upper Body Exercise Capacity in Youth With Spina Bifida

Upper Body Exercise Capacity in Youth With Spina Bifida ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY, 1993.10.22-28 O 1993 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Upper Body Exercise Capacity in Youth With Spina Bifida Kenneth Coutts, Donald McKenzie, Christine Loock, Richard

More information

SELECTION OF YOUNG ATHLETES By Rein Aule, Jaan Loko

SELECTION OF YOUNG ATHLETES By Rein Aule, Jaan Loko SELECTION OF YOUNG ATHLETES By Rein Aule, Jaan Loko The authors discuss simple selection procedures to guide young athletes, based on model anthropometric measurements and physical performance characteristics.

More information

ESTIMATION OF VO 2 max ACCORDING TO THE 3'BIKE TEST

ESTIMATION OF VO 2 max ACCORDING TO THE 3'BIKE TEST 2012, vol. 13 (4), 367 371 ESTIMATION OF VO 2 max ACCORDING TO THE 3'BIKE TEST doi: 10.2478/v10038-012-0044-z Agron M. Rexhepi 1, 2, 3 *, Behlul Brestovci 1, 4 ¹ Institute of Sports Anthropology, Pristina,

More information

1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles

1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles 1.1 Healthy, active lifestyles 1.1.4b Physical activity as part of your healthy, active lifestyle: assessing fi tness and developing an exercise programme Contents Worksheets Worksheet 1: Interval training,

More information

Dr. K.D.C. Upendra Wijayasiri (MBBS (SL), Dip.Spo.Med (col))

Dr. K.D.C. Upendra Wijayasiri (MBBS (SL), Dip.Spo.Med (col)) CARDIO- RESPIRATORY EXERCISE FITNESS What does it really mean? Dr. K.D.C. Upendra Wijayasiri (MBBS (SL), Dip.Spo.Med (col)) Sports Physician, Head - Sports Medicine Unit, Colombo South Teaching Hospital,

More information

Indirect Methods of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Rowers: Practical Implications for Evaluating Physical Fitness in a Training Cycle

Indirect Methods of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Rowers: Practical Implications for Evaluating Physical Fitness in a Training Cycle Journal of Human Kinetics volume 50/2016, 187-194 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0155 187 Section III Sports Training Indirect Methods of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Rowers: Practical Implications for

More information

Key-Words: oxygen uptake, VO2max, altitude, hypoxia, running.

Key-Words: oxygen uptake, VO2max, altitude, hypoxia, running. Pilot Study on VO2max Assessment and Oxygen Uptake on Normal and Hypoxic Environments Patrícia Alexandra Mota Esteves (patricia.a.esteves@gmail.com) Dissertação de Tese de Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica

More information

BTEC. Name: Student Guide. BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise

BTEC. Name: Student Guide. BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise BTEC BTEC Level 2 Unit 1- Fitness for Sport and Exercise Student Guide Name: 1 Before we start Overview This unit covers four keys areas (learning aims): A: Know about the components of fitness and the

More information

TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS

TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS SECTION A Multiple-choice questions Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question. A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores & marks will

More information

16. Exercise Energetics

16. Exercise Energetics 16. Exercise The performance of muscular exercise not only throws a strain on the musculoskeletal system itself but it also tests the reserves of virtually every system in the body. Exercising muscles

More information

EFFECT OF HANDBALL SPECIFIC AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY AND MAXIMUM EXERCISE HEART RATE OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

EFFECT OF HANDBALL SPECIFIC AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY AND MAXIMUM EXERCISE HEART RATE OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS EFFECT OF HANDBALL SPECIFIC AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY AND MAXIMUM EXERCISE HEART RATE OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS C. M. Balasubramanian a and Dr. B. Chittibabu b a Ph.D Scholar, Department of Physical

More information

An Accurate VO2max Non-exercise Regression Model for 18 to 65 Year Old Adults

An Accurate VO2max Non-exercise Regression Model for 18 to 65 Year Old Adults Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2003-12-19 An Accurate VO2max Non-exercise Regression Model for 18 to 65 Year Old Adults Danielle I. Bradshaw Brigham Young University

More information

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4 th edition. Chapter 11: Cardiorespiratory Training: Programming and Progressions

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4 th edition. Chapter 11: Cardiorespiratory Training: Programming and Progressions ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4 th edition Chapter 11: Cardiorespiratory Training: Programming and Progressions 1 Learning Objectives This session, which is based on Chapter 11 of the ACE Personal Trainer

More information

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE Needs Analysis Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation Introduction Principles of physiology Physiological needs analysis Other performance-determining variables Mechanical demands

More information

Computing Intensity Increments For Incremental Exercise Protocols

Computing Intensity Increments For Incremental Exercise Protocols Computing Intensity Increments For Incremental Exercise Protocols 1 Robert A. Robergs, Ph.D., FASEP, EPC Director: Exercise Physiology Laboratories, Exercise Science Program, Department of Health, Exercise

More information

Tuesday, October 4, chapter CHAPTER 11

Tuesday, October 4, chapter CHAPTER 11 chapter CHAPTER 11 11 chapter CHAPTER 11 Physiology of Physical Activity Jennifer L. Caputo PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY The study of acute (immediate) physiological responses to physical activity and

More information

Year 9 Options PE. Knowledge Book

Year 9 Options PE. Knowledge Book Year 9 Options PE Knowledge Book Topic 3 - Physical Training - Definitions and relationships between terms Grade 1-3 Grade 4-5 Grade 6-9 Curriculum Content Students will be expected to know and understand:

More information

Effect Of Aerobic Dance Training On Maximal Oxygen Uptake(Vo 2 max) Of College Women

Effect Of Aerobic Dance Training On Maximal Oxygen Uptake(Vo 2 max) Of College Women ISSN: 2278 0211 (Online) Effect Of Aerobic Dance Training On Maximal Oxygen Uptake(Vo 2 max) Of College Women P.Nandhini Director of Physical Education, Kovai Kalaimagal College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore,Tamil

More information

Soccer metabolic training: A 12-week training program Peak Performance Radio By Marcelo Aller

Soccer metabolic training: A 12-week training program Peak Performance Radio By Marcelo Aller Soccer metabolic training: A 12-week training program Peak Performance Radio By Marcelo Aller 1 This program is designed for a soccer team metabolic conditioning for 12 weeks consisting of 4 phases of

More information

TRAINING FOR ENDURANCE RUNNING EVENTS. Dr. Joe I. Vigil

TRAINING FOR ENDURANCE RUNNING EVENTS. Dr. Joe I. Vigil TRAINING FOR ENDURANCE RUNNING EVENTS Dr. Joe I. Vigil You must believe and adhere to the principle of UNENDING IMPROVEMENT and the setting and achieving of even higher goals. The Biologic Law of Training

More information

24-Week Off-Season Trainer Series

24-Week Off-Season Trainer Series 24-Week Off-Season Trainer Series Improve your aerobic base, pedaling technique, strength, and add intensity prior to your specific in-season race preparation training. The stationary trainer is one of

More information

Interpreting fitnessgram

Interpreting fitnessgram Interpreting fitnessgram Results FITNESSGRAM uses criterion-referenced standards to evaluate fitness performance. These standards have been established to represent a level of fitness that offers some

More information

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 214 CHAPTER-V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATONS 5.1 SUMMARY All players need speed particularly in sport like badminton where the first player up and down

More information

MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE:

MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE: MY SPORTFOLIO ISM PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND FITNESS TEACHER: BLOCK: GRADE: WHAT IS HEALTHY ACTIVE LIVING? Before starting off on a journey, you need to know what your starting point is. This exercise will

More information

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY SECTION A CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY 188 CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY Fatigue Effects of fatigue on performance Performance can be affected by muscle fatigue, the depletion of energy stores in muscle

More information

TESTING SERVICES BODY COMPOSITION:

TESTING SERVICES BODY COMPOSITION: The Nutrition and Exercise Testing (NExT) Lab offers a number of fitness, body composition and energy expenditure tests for individuals from the community, Ryerson faculty and staff, seniors and students.

More information

Comparison of Metabolic Cart with Douglas Bags and Computerised Metabolic Cart. By [Donny Malin]

Comparison of Metabolic Cart with Douglas Bags and Computerised Metabolic Cart. By [Donny Malin] Comparison of Metabolic Cart with Douglas Bags and Computerised Metabolic Cart By [Donny Malin] Metabolic Cart i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to pay my whole hearted gratitude to my project supervisor

More information

CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT

CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT CHAPTER THREE JOURNAL MANUSCRIPT 13 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO CONSTANT-LOAD EXERCISE ON AN INCLINED STEPPER AND TREADMILL by Brian W. Rieger Dr. Shala Davis, Chairman Department of Human

More information

Chronic Response to Exercise.

Chronic Response to Exercise. Definitions: When regular exercise bouts occur where the appropriate training methods and principles are applied over an extended period of time (ie. Months) the body responds to the stress placed upon

More information

MAXIMAL oxygen uptake (VO2max), also known as

MAXIMAL oxygen uptake (VO2max), also known as Journal of Gerontology: MEDICAL SCIENCES 2005, Vol. 60A, No. 1, 57 66 Copyright 2005 by The Gerontological Society of America Review Article Maximal Aerobic Capacity Testing of Older Adults: A Critical

More information

Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation?

Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation? Exercise Stress Testing: Cardiovascular or Respiratory Limitation? Marshall B. Dunning III, Ph.D., M.S. Professor of Medicine & Physiology Medical College of Wisconsin What is exercise? Physical activity

More information

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited J. Swimming Research, Vol. 19:2 (2012) Coaching Applications Ernest W. Maglischo, Ph.D. 1970 Lazy Meadow Lane Prescott, AZ 86303 USA ewmaglischo@cox.net Abstract The purpose of this paper will be to describe

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education The Effects of Exercise These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities

More information

FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL CARE OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING

FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL CARE OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Chapter 13 FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL CARE OF SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING WILLIAM ESCHENBACHER, MD* INTRODUCTION AEROBIC METABOLISM ANAEROBIC METABOLISM

More information

Types of Flexibility. Types of Flexibility. What is Flexibility? What is Flexibility? Or rather a lack of it! 8/22/2012

Types of Flexibility. Types of Flexibility. What is Flexibility? What is Flexibility? Or rather a lack of it! 8/22/2012 Or rather a lack of it! Types of Flexibility Types of Flexibility STATIC FLEXIBILITY Slowly moving into a stretched position Holding the stretched position Sitting in the splits DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY Involves

More information

Eat Smart, Train Smart - Part II

Eat Smart, Train Smart - Part II Eat Smart, Train Smart - Part II Physiological Testing for Cycling R. Randall Clark Exercise Science Laboratory and Pediatric Fitness Clinic University of Wisconsin Hospital Sports Medicine Center Overview

More information

NEW FEATURES ON GARMIN FENIX 5, FR935

NEW FEATURES ON GARMIN FENIX 5, FR935 NEW FEATURES ON GARMIN FENIX 5, FR935 FIRSTBEAT PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN NEW GARMIN PRODUCTS Feature fenix 5 FR935 Anaerobic Training Effect (new) X X Aerobic Training Effect X X Training load (new) X

More information

VO2 Max Booster Program VO2 Max Test

VO2 Max Booster Program VO2 Max Test VO2 Max Booster Program VO2 Max Test by Jesper Bondo Medhus on May 1, 2009 Welcome to my series: VO2 Max Booster Program This training program will dramatically boost your race performance in only 14 days.

More information

FITNESS TRAINING. List 5 safety points to consider when training:

FITNESS TRAINING. List 5 safety points to consider when training: FITNESS TRAINING Training and Safety List 5 safety points to consider when training: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Before any training programme is undertaken, the athlete should use standardised fitness tests to assess

More information

Products for life and performance.

Products for life and performance. Products for life and performance 1 The Monark brand was founded over a century ago and over the years has become established as one of the leading manufacturers of bikes, exercise and sports medicine

More information

Sports Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients 1. Sport Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients

Sports Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients 1. Sport Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients Sports Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients 1 Sport Performance and Resistance Training for Young Clients Participation in organized youth sports and training for performance is occurring

More information

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Welcome to the quiz for Chapter 5 You will be given 30 multiple choice questions Click on the correct answer Use the links to

More information

CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two

CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two Practice questions - text book pages 35-37 1) Which one of the following is defined as the greatest amount of oxygen the body can take in and use during exercise? a V

More information

Using Muscle Oxygen to Guide Interval Training

Using Muscle Oxygen to Guide Interval Training Using Muscle Oxygen to Guide Interval Training Our first ebook endeavored to establish Muscle Oxygen as a precise and universally applicable way to measure training intensity levels in athletes. In it,

More information

USSA Cross-Country - Definitions of training. Table of Contents

USSA Cross-Country - Definitions of training. Table of Contents Please use this information to design and understand training programs. Theory and ideas are always changing take from it what you can. We publish this info to help raise the level of ski racing in America.

More information

STAGE OF THE CLIENT TRAINER RELATIONSHIP. Rapport Building Investigative Planning Action

STAGE OF THE CLIENT TRAINER RELATIONSHIP. Rapport Building Investigative Planning Action STAGE OF THE CLIENT TRAINER RELATIONSHIP Rapport Building Investigative Planning Action Consulting & Interpersonal Communication Skills Trainers and clients work with each other over time in a consultative

More information

INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF TRAINING ON AEROBIC CAPACITY OF MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS Dr. B. Chittibabu Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University,

More information

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism. KINE : Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Spring 2015

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism. KINE : Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Spring 2015 GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism KINE 350-002: Exercise Prescription and Programming (3) Spring 2015 DAY/TIME: M/W 3-4:15 am LOCATION: 246 Bull Run Hall PROFESSOR: Dr.

More information

Kerry James Martin. Chapel Hill Approved by: Claudio Battaglini. Brian Mann. Edgar Shields. Michael Mazzoleni

Kerry James Martin. Chapel Hill Approved by: Claudio Battaglini. Brian Mann. Edgar Shields. Michael Mazzoleni A RESTROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE ESTIMATION OF VO 2max IN INDIVIDUALS WHO ATTAIN PEAK VERSUS INDIVIDUALS THAT ATTAIN MAX DURING A CPET USING A DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MODEL Kerry James Martin A thesis defense

More information

THE EFFECT OF A CPET FAMILIARIZATION SESSION ON AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2MAX) IN SEDENTARY MIDDLE-AGED FEMALES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

THE EFFECT OF A CPET FAMILIARIZATION SESSION ON AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2MAX) IN SEDENTARY MIDDLE-AGED FEMALES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS THE EFFECT OF A CPET FAMILIARIZATION SESSION ON AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2MAX) IN SEDENTARY MIDDLE-AGED FEMALES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS Christopher Ryan Brooks A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University

More information

Cardio Blaster. for Wellness Warriors

Cardio Blaster. for Wellness Warriors Cardio Blaster for Wellness Warriors How to find your Resting Heart Rate: 1. Step 1 Take your pulse first thing in the morning before engaging in any significant activity. Because the resting heart rate

More information

HPHE 4450 Exercise Testing and Prescription. Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription Project

HPHE 4450 Exercise Testing and Prescription. Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription Project HPHE 4450 Exercise Testing and Prescription Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription Project Overview In pairs, students will perform a comprehensive fitness assessment on each other and develop and

More information

Submaximal Exercise Testing: Clinical Application and Interpretation. Performance, Prediction, Rehabilitation, Submaximal exercise test.

Submaximal Exercise Testing: Clinical Application and Interpretation. Performance, Prediction, Rehabilitation, Submaximal exercise test. Perspective Submaximal Exercise Testing: Clinical Application and Interpretation Compared with maximal exercise testing, submaximal exercise testing appears to have greater applicability to physical therapists

More information

Readiness for Soccer

Readiness for Soccer Youth Fitness? Readiness for Soccer Readiness for sports is the match between a child s level of growth, maturity and development, and the task demands presented in competitive sports. Robert M. Malina,

More information