Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis"

Transcription

1 PDHPE Student Activities Comes to Life Energy Systems and Athlete Performance Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is required to perform any form of muscular contraction. Muscle cells only store enough ATP to generate 2-4 seconds worth of high-intensity exercise, therefore ATP must be continuously resynthesised via one of three energy systems. By using equipment from the UNE sports science laboratory, you will be able to identify the body s physiological responses to exercise and consider why these changes occur. You will have the opportunity to participate in a number of tests, including vertical jump performance, maximal aerobic uptake (VO2max), and maximal power. Each of these tests has been included to assist you in your understanding of the energy systems, see how you stack up against your friends, whilst also having fun. Following the activities, you will be able to consider how this information can be used to set training for athletes with the end goal of improving performance. Activity 1: Vertical jump performance and anaerobic ATP resynthesis Performances of an athlete during high-intensity exercise are limited by the capacity of the body to resynthesis ATP quickly and remove waste products. Oxygen is important for the resynthesis of ATP, whilst CO2 is a waste product and must be removed. This activity is designed to demonstrate how vertical jump performance is affected with fatigue of the anaerobic energy systems. The person jumping will need to follow instructions from the UNE staff member, completing repeated vertical jumps over a period of 2 minutes. The goal is to maximise the height of each individual jump. This is tiring, so make sure you pace yourself accordingly. IMPORTANT: Let the supervisor know if your heart rate is over 80 beats per minute before you start the jumping, or if you are feeling unwell during the jumping. You can stop whenever you like. Before Exercise After Exercise Heart Rate O2 % Saturation CO2 Concentration (Breath) O2 Concentration (Breath Jump # Jump Height (cm) RSI* Average Power (W) = Maximum Power (W) = Reactive Strength Index (RSI) School of Science and Technology

2 SUMMARY TABLE OF THE ENERGY SYSTEMS Each of the energy systems work together, however the contribution from each depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise being performed. With an understanding of the particular energy systems, we are able to set training plans which are specific to athlete needs. Alactic (ATP/PC) Lactic Acid Aerobic Metabolism Anaerobic Anaerobic Aerobic Fuel Source Creatine Phosphate (PC) ONLY Carbohydrates (glucose and muscle glycogen) Rate of energy production 36kcal/min 16kcal/min 10kcal/min ATP produced from 1 molecule of fuel source Carbohydrates, fats, or in some circumstances, protein 1 ATP 2 ATP 1 glucose molecule= 36 ATP Duration Max. Sprint of 8-10 sec Maximal, sec Up to 3 minutes depending on relative intensity Cause of fatigue PC depletion Accumulation of lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) 1 fatty acid molecule= 130 ATP Maximal, 3-7 min Unlimited depending on intensity Glycogen depletion Change in ph affecting metabolic enzymes By-products None Lactate and H+ ions Carbon dioxide & water Recovery PC replenishment 50% in 30 sec 100% in 2-5 mins Intensity of effort Very high intensity (95-100%) Examples Jumping, throwing, short sprints Removal of lactic acid with active recovery in min High intensity (85-95%) 400-m run, 100m swim, repeated sprints/ intervals (team sports) *VO 2 max refers to the maximal volume of oxygen that can be used by the body in 1 minute Depends on glycogen depletion; up to 48 hours Low intensity <VO2max* 5-km run, 1500-m swim, marathon Question: Given the evidence, which energy systems would have been dominant throughout the 2 minute jump activity? Would the contribution of each energy system have been consistent throughout the activity, or would this change throughout? How did your best vertical jump score compare to the Number 1 Draft Athlete in the 2012 National Hockey League (NHL) who achieved a jump height of 83 cm?

3 Activity 2: Maximal Oxygen Uptake Testing (VO2max) The VO2max test is generally considered the best indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, and is conducted by analysing the air inhaled and exhaled during an incremental exercise test to fatigue. The underlying principle behind the VO2max test is that almost every process in the human body is dependent on the availability of oxygen (O2) for muscle cells, and the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) to control the ph of blood. Whilst your class member is completing the VO2max test, it is important for you to complete the table provided below, and consider the contribution of each energy system to ATP production at that point in time. TIME (min) SPEED/BEEP WATTS VO 2 (ml. kg.min) CO 2 % H.R. CHO % Question: What does the VO 2 max represent? Question: What is the major limitation of the aerobic energy system? Complete the following table and consider why there is a shift from aerobic ATP resynthesis to anaerobic ATP resynthesis during the later stages of the VO 2 max test? ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Anaerobic Energy Systems Aerobic Energy Systems

4 Physiological Adaptations in Response to Training: Endurance based training has previously demonstrated an improvement in VO 2 max performance of 20-30%. The below table identifies the physiological adaptations in response to training which may improve an athletes VO 2 max score, and sporting performance. Adaptation Consequences Heart Rate (HR) Decreased resting and submaximal HR Heart works less- is more efficient Stroke Volume Increased at rest, and in submaximal and maximal exercise More blood available per beat Cardiac Output Increased maximal cardiac output More blood and oxygen delivered to the muscles Oxygen uptake Increased capillaries, myoglobin and mitochondria Increased enzyme activity More oxygen delivered Muscles can extract more oxygen from the blood which is then available for ATP production Lung Capacity Increased maximal ventilation (VE) Increased oxygen transport and removal of carbon dioxide Haemoglobin Increased More oxygen carried to the muscles Muscle Hypertrophy Muscle Fibres Increased size with resistance training No change in slow twitch percentage Increased enzymes, ATP, PC and glycogen stores Increased motor unit synchronisation Increased use of fats as an energy source for muscles Increased strength and power Increased power output before fatigue; more ATP available at the start of exercise Greater strength and power Less glycogen depletion, improved aerobic performance INTERESTING FACT: Training at intensities below the VO2max will contribute to improvements in aerobic ATP production, whilst working above VO2max will improve anaerobic ATP production. How do you compare? The highest VO2max ever recorded was 92mL/kg/min. INTERESTING FACT: The goal of endurance trained athletes is to perform for as long as possible using the aerobic system. By using fat as an energy source, this allows them to perform without the accumulation of lactic acid, and also helps to save muscle glycogen levels for later in the race.

5 Activity 3: Wingate Testing The Wingate test is a 30-second all out sprint, identifying the power and fatigability of an athlete. If you wish to complete the 30-second exercise test, you must complete the Adult Pre-Exercise Screening Tool. During the test, your job is to cycle or run as fast as possible for the allotted 30 second period. Following the test, use the data provided to complete the tables below and assess how you match up against your classmates and/ or teacher! BIKE PERFORMANCE Time: 0-5 s 6-10 s s s s s Avg. Power: PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Bike: Running: Power Peak (W) Split 1 m/s Power Peak/Weight (W/kg)* Split 2 m/s Power Average (W) Split 3 m/s Fatigue Factor (%) Power/mass (W/kg) Total Distance m *Power peak/weight (W/kg) = Power peak divided by weight Question: What happened to your power output as the test progressed? Can you explain this? Question: how might this test be used or adapted to train for team sports, consisting of repeated sprints? How do you compare? In the 2012 draft for the National Hockey League (NHL) in America the number 1 draft athlete achieved a peak power output of 15.6 watts/kg with a fatigue factor of only 32%. Graph: Power output vs. time Power (Watts)/Velocity (m/s) Time (Seconds) Question: how might an athlete train to improve their Wingate test performance if they didn t have a bike?

6 INTERESTING FACT: Usain Bolt recorded the fastest running speed ever during the 2009 World Championships 100m sprint. He reached a velocity of 12.4 m/s (approx. 45km/h) between the 60th and 80th meter. Glossary Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - energy source for all muscular contractions in the human body. Without ATP, we cannot live, let alone exercise! Cell - the human body is made up of millions of cells. ATP production starts in the cells. Once ATP is produced in the cell, muscles can use it to fuel contractions for exercise. Carbohydrates - the only fuel for ATP production during high-intensity (anaerobic) exercise. Examples of carbohydrates used for ATP production include glucose and glycogen: Glucose/Glycogen 2 Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + 2 ATP Anaerobic ATP production - must occur during high intensity exercise when aerobic ATP production cannot keep up with the ATP demands of the muscles. The ATP/PC and glycolytic pathways are both anaerobic, occurring without oxygen. Rate of ATP production - increases with increasing exercise intensity. Lactic acid - product of anaerobic ATP production, causing performance to decline due to a change in the ph of blood. Aerobic ATP production - occurs more slowly than anaerobic, but can be sustained for long periods. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) - produced during the breakdown of carbohydrates to ATP. Higher carbon dioxide concentration of expired air means that ATP is being produced anaerobically. Waste product - produced during ATP production, and has a negative effect on athlete performance. Examples include carbon dioxide and lactic acid. SOURCE: Buchanan, D., O Connor, D., McLean, J. & Ingram, K. (2009) Peak Performance 2: HSC PDHPE, South Yarra, MacMillan Education Australia. School of Science and Technology Produced by Marketing and Public Affairs UNE, April Information correct at time of printing. CRICOS Provider No G.

Comes to Life. Homeostasis: role of the cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems. Biology Student Activities. Activity A:

Comes to Life. Homeostasis: role of the cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems. Biology Student Activities. Activity A: Biology Student Activities Comes to Life Homeostasis: role of the cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems The blood, circulatory, respiratory and renal systems have critical roles to play in maintaining

More information

How does training affect performance?

How does training affect performance? Name: How does training affect performance? CQ1 DP1 energy systems alactacid system (ATP/PC) lactic acid system aerobic system analyse each energy system by exploring: source of fuel efficiency of ATP

More information

Energy Systems: Alactacid system - ATP/PC System Phosphate System Lactic acid system Aerobic system

Energy Systems: Alactacid system - ATP/PC System Phosphate System Lactic acid system Aerobic system Energy Systems: Alactacid system - ATP/PC System Phosphate System Lactic acid system Aerobic system Chemical energy (food) is converted to mechanical energy through the energy systems of the body. Carbohydrate,

More information

How does training affect performance?

How does training affect performance? Name: How does training affect performance? CQ1 DP1 energy systems alactacid system (ATP/PC) lactic acid system aerobic system analyse each energy system by exploring: source of fuel efficiency of ATP

More information

How does training affect performance?

How does training affect performance? Name: How does training affect performance? CQ1 DP1 energy systems alactacid system (ATP/PC) lactic acid system aerobic system analyse each energy system by exploring: source of fuel efficiency of ATP

More information

CHAPTER 7 Energy for Muscular Activity

CHAPTER 7 Energy for Muscular Activity CHAPTER 7 Energy for Muscular Activity Kinesiology Books Publisher 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chemistry of Energy Production Three Energy Systems Immediate Energy: Phosphagen System Short-term Energy: Glycolytic

More information

Energy for Muscular Activity

Energy for Muscular Activity Energy for Muscular Activity Chapter 7 Sport Books Publisher 1 Learning Objectives: To develop an awareness of the basic chemical processes the body uses to produce energy in the muscles To develop an

More information

core two QUESTION ONE / DOT POINT FOUR

core two QUESTION ONE / DOT POINT FOUR core two QUESTION ONE / DOT POINT FOUR Cardiac Output is the amount of blood propelled out of the heart per minute Heart Rate x stroke volume training = a rise in maximal cardiac output cardiac output

More information

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT

Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR. CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Physical Education Studies Year 11 ATAR CHAPTER 5: Exercise Physiology NEXT Welcome to the quiz for Chapter 5 You will be given 30 multiple choice questions Click on the correct answer Use the links to

More information

TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS

TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS TOPIC: TRAINING ADAPTATIONS SECTION A Multiple-choice questions Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question. A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores & marks will

More information

Conditioning 101. How To Most Effectively Program for Conditioning

Conditioning 101. How To Most Effectively Program for Conditioning Conditioning 101 How To Most Effectively Program for Conditioning Which Athlete Has a Higher Level of Conditioning? Floyd Mayweather Aaron Rodgers What Is Conditioning? Conditioning is a measure of how

More information

Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use

Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use Contractions Isotonic: Muscle changes length in response to resistance Concentric: muscle tension exceeds resistance & muscle shortens Eccentric: Resistance

More information

Three Metabolic Pathways. PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3

Three Metabolic Pathways. PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3 Three Metabolic Pathways PSK 4U Unit 5: Energy Systems Days 2-3 The Energy Systems The ability to move, work or play sports is dependant on supplying sufficient energy at the required rate for the duration

More information

Food fuels and the three energy systems. Chapter 5 pages

Food fuels and the three energy systems. Chapter 5 pages Food fuels and the three energy systems Chapter 5 pages 115-123 Session Outline Welcome students and session goals 2 mins Think, Pair, Share 10 mins Food fuels 10 mins Energy for physical activity 20 mins

More information

C2 Qu1 DP1 How does training affect performance?

C2 Qu1 DP1 How does training affect performance? C2 Qu1 DP1 How does training affect performance? Hi Guys Welcome to Core 2! Core two is all about performance. Specifically in core two you will learn how different things affect performance including:

More information

Food Fuels (Macronutrients)

Food Fuels (Macronutrients) KEY KNOWLEDGE KEY SKILLS The characteristics of the two anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) energy pathways. The energy pathways used for different movement types and intensities and the

More information

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY

CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY SECTION A CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY 188 CHAPTER 2 FATIGUE AND RECOVERY Fatigue Effects of fatigue on performance Performance can be affected by muscle fatigue, the depletion of energy stores in muscle

More information

Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use

Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use Muscles 3: Contractions, Adaptations & Energy Use Contractions Isotonic: Muscle changes length in response to resistance Concentric: muscle tension exceeds resistance & muscle shortens Eccentric: Resistance

More information

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE

Needs Analysis. Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation LEVEL III COACHES COURSE Needs Analysis Machar Reid and Miguel Crespo International Tennis Federation Introduction Principles of physiology Physiological needs analysis Other performance-determining variables Mechanical demands

More information

PDH&PE Core 2 //Factors Affecting Performance

PDH&PE Core 2 //Factors Affecting Performance 2018+ PDH&PE Core 2 //Factors Affecting Performance SUMMARY NOTES HSC Table of Contents How does training affect performance?... 2 Energy Systems:... 2 Types of training and training methods:... 4 Principles

More information

C2 Qu1 DP4 How does training affect performance?

C2 Qu1 DP4 How does training affect performance? C2 Qu1 DP4 How does training affect performance? Hi Guys In this video, we will be explore Core two question 1 - dot point 4 If you look at the syllabus you can see this dot point is about physiological

More information

WHAT DO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO MOVE? CHAPTER 3 PAGE 45-60

WHAT DO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO MOVE? CHAPTER 3 PAGE 45-60 WHAT DO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO MOVE? CHAPTER 3 PAGE 45-60 LEARNING GOALS To be able to explain the characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic pathways and their contribution to movement and dominant fibre

More information

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 LH8 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SPORT PATHWAYS WITH FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY MODULE NO: SRB3008 Date: Monday

More information

2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 3. What Are Nutrients?

2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 3. What Are Nutrients? 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 3 What Are Nutrients? Nutrients are chemical substances obtained from food and used by the body for many different processes. They are the raw materials our bodies

More information

Engage Education Foundation

Engage Education Foundation 2016 Mid-Year Seminar Exam Engage Education Foundation Units 3 and 4 Physical Education Practice Exam Solutions Stop! Any questions? Check the Engage website for updated solutions, then email practiceexams@ee.org.au.

More information

Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance

Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance TOPIC TOPIC The TOPICS. Sources of Nutrients: s, s and Protein.2 Food Breakdown into Nutrients: Glucose, Glycogen, Triglycerides, Free fatty acids.3

More information

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE Content Title: The Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body Key points Adaptations to the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems. Practical Application/Explanation

More information

Core 2 : Factors Affecting Perfomance. Create a title page

Core 2 : Factors Affecting Perfomance. Create a title page Core 2 : Factors Affecting Perfomance Create a title page Critical Questions How does training affect performance? How can psychology affect performance? How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect

More information

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks

QATs. VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks QATs Quality Assessment s Introduction UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK Outcome 2 Use data collected in practical activities to analyse how the major body and energy systems

More information

Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition

Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Chapter 1: Exercise Physiology ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Introduction Physiology is the study of the myriad functions in a living organism. Exercise physiology is the study of the ways

More information

Energy Systems. PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS

Energy Systems. PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS Energy Systems PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS Review I hope Three key energy nutrients we get in our food: Carbohydrates: 4.1cal/g Protein: 4.3 cal/g Fats: 9.3 cal/g All three are used in various

More information

2015 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2015 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1 2015 PHYSICAL EDUCATION External Examination 2015 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY SUPERVISOR CHECK ATTACH SACE REGISTRATION NUMBER LABEL TO THIS BOX QUESTION BOOKLET 1 16 pages, 7 questions RE-MARKED Thursday 12

More information

Bio Factsheet April 2000 Number 66

Bio Factsheet April 2000 Number 66 April Number 66 The Physiology of Exercise This factsheet summarises the aspects of exercise physiology that relate to skeletal muscles on current syllabuses. The student should have a basic knowledge

More information

Year 12 BTEC L3 Sport ( )

Year 12 BTEC L3 Sport ( ) Programme of Study Teacher A UNIT 5- Application of Fitness Testing UNIT 5- Application of fitness ing Unit introduction A1: Validity of fitness s Understand what validity means and the application to

More information

USSA Cross-Country - Definitions of training. Table of Contents

USSA Cross-Country - Definitions of training. Table of Contents Please use this information to design and understand training programs. Theory and ideas are always changing take from it what you can. We publish this info to help raise the level of ski racing in America.

More information

ENERGY SYSTEMS FITNESS COMPONENTS

ENERGY SYSTEMS FITNESS COMPONENTS ENERGY SYSTEMS & FITNESS COMPONENTS THE 10 COMPONENTS OF FITNESS Aerobic Capacity (stamina): This is the ability of your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen through your blood to your muscles, to produce

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education The Effects of Exercise These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities

More information

Exercise physiology and sports performance

Exercise physiology and sports performance Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Exercise physiology and sports performance Axel Preßler Lehrstuhl und Poliklinik für Prävention, Rehabilitation und Sportmedizin Klinikum rechts

More information

What are the Fuels the Body Uses for Activities?

What are the Fuels the Body Uses for Activities? What are the Fuels the Body Uses for Activities? Table 14-3, p. 485 Reviewing Aerobic Metabolism 1 Features of Aerobic Exercise Uses oxygen in the generation of energy Low intensity, long duration activity

More information

Physical Education. Friday 2 June Question book. Time allowed. Section A. Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes

Physical Education. Friday 2 June Question book. Time allowed. Section A. Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes Friday 2 June 2017 Question book Physical Education Time allowed Perusal time 10 minutes Writing time 120 minutes Section A Ten multiple-choice questions General instructions Fill in the multiple-choice

More information

Created by G.Baker 2017 Thesciencequeen.net

Created by G.Baker 2017 Thesciencequeen.net Created by G.Baker 2017 Thesciencequeen.net Skeletal muscles move the bones in the skeleton. When the muscles contract, it makes the joints able to move and lets us engage in physical activity of all kinds.

More information

Functional Anatomy, Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology

Functional Anatomy, Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology W.I.T.S. Personal Trainer Certification Lecture Test Title Two: Functional Anatomy, Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Achieving Stability Stability: ability to maintain a stable, balanced position after

More information

CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two

CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two CHAPTER 2: Energy systems part two Practice questions - text book pages 35-37 1) Which one of the following is defined as the greatest amount of oxygen the body can take in and use during exercise? a V

More information

g) Cellular Respiration Higher Human Biology

g) Cellular Respiration Higher Human Biology g) Cellular Respiration Higher Human Biology What can you remember about respiration? 1. What is respiration? 2. What are the raw materials? 3. What are the products? 4. Where does it occur? 5. Why does

More information

QATs UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK. VCE Physical Education. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks

QATs UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK. VCE Physical Education. Introduction. Quality Assessment Tasks QATs Quality Assessment s UNIT 3 OUTCOME 2 VCE Physical Education SCHOOL-ASSESSED COURSEWORK Introduction OUTCOME 2 Use data collected in practical activities to analyse how the major body and energy systems

More information

Exercise Physiology. Driving force behind all types of work Conversion of stored energy to mechanical energy

Exercise Physiology. Driving force behind all types of work Conversion of stored energy to mechanical energy Exercise Physiology Driving force behind all types of work Conversion of stored energy to mechanical energy What Influences Athletic Ability? Genetics Training Training methodology Environment Nutrition

More information

MUSCLE METABOLISM. Honors Anatomy & Physiology

MUSCLE METABOLISM. Honors Anatomy & Physiology MUSCLE METABOLISM Honors Anatomy & Physiology ROLE OF ATP ATP binds to myosin heads and upon hydrolysis into ADP and Pi, transfers its energy to the cross bridge, energizing it. ATP is responsible for

More information

Types of Muscle Movement:

Types of Muscle Movement: Types of Muscle Movement: Concentric: Muscle fibres shorten Eccentric: Muscle fibres lengthen Isometric: Muscle fibres do not change in length Muscle Fibres and Energy Systems ATP=ENERGY Slow-Twitch vs.

More information

Section B. Exercise and Sport Physiology (Option B3)

Section B. Exercise and Sport Physiology (Option B3) 6 Section B Exercise and Sport Physiology (Option B3) 5 (a) Describe how the lactic acid energy system provides energy for the body during high intensity activity. [4] (b) The recovery process returns

More information

Chapter 4. Exercise Metabolism

Chapter 4. Exercise Metabolism Chapter 4 Exercise Metabolism Rest to Exercise Transition Step onto a treadmill at 6 mph In one step muscles increase ATP production What metabolic changes occur? From rest to light or moderate exercise

More information

BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT

BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT BIKE PERFORMANCE TESTING REPORT PERSONAL DATA Name: Test Rider Date of Assessment: 1 st January 2015 Sport / Level: Road/ Criterium Racing This report details how you performed in the assessment, and how

More information

THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O.

THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O. THEORY OF FIRST TERM. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: 3rd E.S.O. 1.- WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL CONDITION? It is a set of characteristics of our body that allows us to perform any physical activity in an appropriate way.

More information

Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power

Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Section 06: Exercise Training to Improve Performance Chapter 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Chapter 22 Muscular Strength: Training Muscles to Become Stronger Chapter 23 Special Aids to Exercise

More information

Work The h c e o c mpl p exi exi y t of tas t k as k dem and an i d n i g n ener en gy!!

Work The h c e o c mpl p exi exi y t of tas t k as k dem and an i d n i g n ener en gy!! 1 2 Work The complexity of task demanding energy!! 3 Quick and powerful Graceful & coordinated Sustained for many hours And is dependent upon the capacity to produce energy Quick movements-lasts a few

More information

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. It takes energy to: During training chemical reactions in the cells escalates increasing the demand for energy

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. It takes energy to: During training chemical reactions in the cells escalates increasing the demand for energy INTRODUCTION It takes energy to: operate muscles get rid of waste make new cells send signals from the brain to the muscles INTRODUCTION During training chemical reactions in the cells escalates increasing

More information

speed / km per hr (a) Compare the oxygen uptake when the athlete is walking and running at speeds from 6 to 10 km per hour. (3)

speed / km per hr (a) Compare the oxygen uptake when the athlete is walking and running at speeds from 6 to 10 km per hour. (3) 1 The graph shows the oxygen uptake for an athlete when walking and running. 80 60 walk run oxygen uptake in cm 3 /kg/min 40 20 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 speed / km per hr (a) Compare the oxygen uptake when the

More information

Collin County Community College BIOL Muscle Physiology. Muscle Length-Tension Relationship

Collin County Community College BIOL Muscle Physiology. Muscle Length-Tension Relationship Collin County Community College BIOL 2401 Muscle Physiology 1 Muscle Length-Tension Relationship The Length-Tension Relationship Another way that muscle cells can alter their force capability, is determined

More information

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE

GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PE2 UNIT GUIDE Content Title: Application of Principles of Training Key points Application of the principles of training Specific examples of how to apply the principles of specificity,

More information

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic

Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic Set foundation for exercise prescription Clarify the work rest relationship Understand VO2M Understand overtraining Look at how to use aerobic equipment Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic,

More information

Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results

Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results Running Threshold VO2 max Test Results Peak Centre for Human Performance 1565 Maple Grove Rd Kanata, ON 613-737-7325 www.peakcentre.ca PERSONAL INFORMATION Name: Kristin Marvin Weight: 158.0 lbs Date:

More information

ENERGY ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION ENERGY BALANCE. Neutral. Positive. Negative

ENERGY ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION ENERGY BALANCE. Neutral. Positive. Negative ENERGY ANALYSIS ENERGY BALANCE DESCRIPTION Neutral -------- If the amount of energy in food intake exactly equals the amount of energy expended by the muscles in performing external work and internal functioning,

More information

Chronic Response to Exercise.

Chronic Response to Exercise. Definitions: When regular exercise bouts occur where the appropriate training methods and principles are applied over an extended period of time (ie. Months) the body responds to the stress placed upon

More information

OCR A LEVEL PE FORMS OF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Student note. Forms of assessment

OCR A LEVEL PE FORMS OF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Student note. Forms of assessment OCR A LEVEL PE FORMS OF ASSESSMENT Student note QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Forms of assessment OCR A Level in Physical Education consists of three components: Physiological factors affecting performance Psychological

More information

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SPORT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE PATHWAY SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SPORT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE PATHWAY SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017 LH14 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SPORT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE PATHWAY SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017 INTRODUCTION TO SPORT AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY MODULE NO: SPS4002 Date: Thursday

More information

Module 1. Strength and Conditioning for Sport Unit 1. Assessment. Who am I? Where do I fit in?

Module 1. Strength and Conditioning for Sport Unit 1. Assessment. Who am I? Where do I fit in? Module 1 Strength and Conditioning for Sport Unit 1 Theoretical Aspects of Sports Training in Exercise and Fitness Energy Systems and Models of Training Robert Lynch BSc NCEFT Aims: To provide the students

More information

Bioenergetics. Chapter 3. Objectives. Objectives. Introduction. Photosynthesis. Energy Forms

Bioenergetics. Chapter 3. Objectives. Objectives. Introduction. Photosynthesis. Energy Forms Objectives Chapter 3 Bioenergetics Discuss the function of cell membrane, nucleus, & mitochondria Define: endergonic, exergonic, coupled reactions & bioenergetics Describe how enzymes work Discuss nutrients

More information

The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab. Effort Scale. Introduction

The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab. Effort Scale. Introduction The Chemistry of Running Interactive Lab Introduction The Chemistry of Running simulation allows students to explore the chemistry and physiology of exercise a field that attracts a lot of interest from

More information

Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise. Chapter 3 pp 28-47

Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise. Chapter 3 pp 28-47 Bioenergetics: Energy for Exercise Chapter 3 pp 28-47 ATP ATP Adenosine Ribose 3 Phosphates ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P ATP ATP Energy Out ADP + P ATP ATP Energy Out Energy In

More information

Section 4: Exercise Physiology. Diet and nutrition and their effect on physical activity and performance

Section 4: Exercise Physiology. Diet and nutrition and their effect on physical activity and performance Section 4: Exercise Physiology Diet and nutrition and their effect on physical activity and performance Learning Objectives 1. Identify the seven classes of food as: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,

More information

Applied anatomy and physiology: definitions of key terms

Applied anatomy and physiology: definitions of key terms Applied anatomy and physiology: definitions of key terms See pages 5 46 These are the key terms from Chapter 1. Try cutting them out and then matching the key terms with their definitions, or asking friends

More information

Engage Education Foundation

Engage Education Foundation D Free Exam for 2011-16 VCE study design Engage Education Foundation Units 3 and 4 Physical Education Practice Exam Solutions Stop! Don t look at these solutions until you have attempted the exam. Any

More information

Water. 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and. C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre

Water. 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and. C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre 10 Questions 1. Which of the following are macro-nutrients? A: Fibre, Fat, Protein B: Protein, Fat and Water C: Vitamins, Minerals, and Fibre D: Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein 2. What is the correct equation

More information

MAKING THE MOST OF MUSCLE There s more to muscle than fast-twitch and slow-twitch By Dario Fredrick

MAKING THE MOST OF MUSCLE There s more to muscle than fast-twitch and slow-twitch By Dario Fredrick MAKING THE MOST OF MUSCLE There s more to muscle than fast-twitch and slow-twitch By Dario Fredrick [Velo News, Vol. 33/No. 19, December 20, 2004] Most cyclists will tell you they ve heard of slow- and

More information

Energy systems and physical activity

Energy systems and physical activity CHATER 7 Energy systems and physical activity CHATER 7 The energy for muscular contractions comes from adenosine triphosphate, which is found in several sources including our food and drink. It may be

More information

CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92

CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CHAPTER 5: Training methods and aerobic training Practice questions - text book pages 91-92 1) Mary is a 20 year old college student What is her theoretical maximum heart rate? a

More information

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP Ashley Wagner, Sochi 2014 www.gotceleb.com Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP Adjunct Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota http://saliterman.umn.edu/ Aerobic (Oxidative Phosphorylation)

More information

The Science of Sustained Excellence

The Science of Sustained Excellence Theory of Monitoring Annual Training Progression with Physical Testing to Prevent Injury and Improve Performance By Troy Purdom, PhD & Kyle Levers, PhD CSCS The Science of Sustained Excellence July 22,

More information

THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING

THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING THE USE OF LACTATE THRESHOLD IN TRAINING By Richard W. Field Richard Field discusses the concept of pulse rates to determine workout intensities and outlines how the controversial Conconi test can be used

More information

EDEXCEL A LEVEL PE MARK DESCRIPTORS

EDEXCEL A LEVEL PE MARK DESCRIPTORS EDEXCEL A LEVEL PE MARK DESCRIPTORS Student note Please note that most answers are not exact, and that equivalent answers are usually acceptable. This is particularly relevant to the answers allocated

More information

Chapter 13, 21. The Physiology of Training: Physiological Effects of Strength Training pp Training for Anaerobic Power p.

Chapter 13, 21. The Physiology of Training: Physiological Effects of Strength Training pp Training for Anaerobic Power p. Chapter 13, 21 The Physiology of Training: Physiological Effects of Strength Training pp. 267-270 270 Training for Anaerobic Power p. 430-431 431 Types of Contractions Dynamic, Isotonic, or concentric

More information

Name: ADDITIONAL SCIENCE BIOLOGY EXERCISE AND HEART RATE 2. Class: Time: Marks: Comments: Page 1 of 35

Name: ADDITIONAL SCIENCE BIOLOGY EXERCISE AND HEART RATE 2. Class: Time: Marks: Comments: Page 1 of 35 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE BIOLOGY EXERCISE AND HEART RATE 2 Name: Class: Time: Marks: Comments: Page of 35 The table shows the amounts of energy used in running and in walking at different speeds by people of

More information

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book)

Bell Work. Review Total Lung Capacity. (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) VO2 Max Bell Work Review Total Lung Capacity (page 337 and 338 of Body Structure and Function book) *This information was discussed at length in A&P classes. Use your worksheet and write down brief descriptions

More information

Describe the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the contraction of a myofibril

Describe the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the contraction of a myofibril Q1.(a) Describe the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the contraction of a myofibril............................... (Extra space)............... (5) ATP is an energy source used in many cell processes.

More information

David Docherty, PhD, Professor Emeritus School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria

David Docherty, PhD, Professor Emeritus School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria David Docherty, PhD, Professor Emeritus School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria 1. Developing aerobic (cardiovascular) fitness (March 3 rd ) 2. Developing strength

More information

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 2 65 minutes 65 marks Page of 23 Q. A person did five different activities in turn. These activities needed increasing amounts of energy. For each activity two

More information

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY. Dr Nicolas Theron Tel : (051)

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY. Dr Nicolas Theron Tel : (051) EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Dr Nicolas Theron Tel : (051)4476559 Cardio-respiratory fitness Heart and blood vessels Lungs Oxygen transport and utilization Neuromuscular function Metabolism Muscle Classification

More information

Chapter 1: Lesson plan

Chapter 1: Lesson plan Example lesson plan Chapter 1: Lesson plan AQA recognises that the teaching of this qualification will vary greatly from school to school and from teacher to teacher. With that in mind, this example lesson

More information

16. Exercise Energetics

16. Exercise Energetics 16. Exercise The performance of muscular exercise not only throws a strain on the musculoskeletal system itself but it also tests the reserves of virtually every system in the body. Exercising muscles

More information

Muscle Metabolism Introduction ATP is necessary for muscle contraction single muscle cell form and break the rigor bonds of cross-bridges small

Muscle Metabolism Introduction ATP is necessary for muscle contraction single muscle cell form and break the rigor bonds of cross-bridges small Muscle Metabolism Introduction 1. ATP is necessary for muscle contraction a. when a single muscle cell is contracting it can use up millions of ATP molecules per second to form and break the rigor bonds

More information

CHAPTER 10: Diet and nutrition & effect on physical activity and performance Practice questions - text book pages

CHAPTER 10: Diet and nutrition & effect on physical activity and performance Practice questions - text book pages QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CHAPTER 10: Diet and nutrition & effect on physical activity and performance Practice questions - text book pages 144-145 1) Complex carbohydrates do not include: a. lipids. b. triglycerides.

More information

Year 10 GCSE Revision - Physical Education Paper 1 Fitness and Body Systems Topic Areas for Revision Key questions

Year 10 GCSE Revision - Physical Education Paper 1 Fitness and Body Systems Topic Areas for Revision Key questions Year 10 GCSE Revision - Physical Education Paper 1 Fitness and Body Systems Topic Areas for Revision Key questions 1.1 The structure and functions of the musculoskeletal s Functions of the Skeleton for

More information

ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS TO CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (b) The use of CHOs for ATP production greatly increases at around 85 per cent VO 2 max because the body is entering anaerobic metabolism that uses only CHOs as a source. Below 85 per cent there may be

More information

Lab Six: Maximal Exercise. Stephanie Smith. University of Otago. PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology. Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011.

Lab Six: Maximal Exercise. Stephanie Smith. University of Otago. PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology. Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011. Lab 6 PP4, S Smith, 1 LAB REPORT SIX Lab Six: Maximal Exercise Stephanie Smith University of Otago PHSE 203: Exercise Physiology Due 5pm Monday, 9 th May 2011 Lab Stream: PP4 E-mail: smitsm31@suny.oneonta.edu

More information

Muscular System - Part III. Tension, Contractions, & Metabolism

Muscular System - Part III. Tension, Contractions, & Metabolism Do Now: What is the neurotransmitter that is released from the neuron at the NMJ? When it binds to sarcolemma receptors, what occurs? To what does calcium bind? What occurs when this bond forms? Muscular

More information

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited

Coaching Applications Training Zones Revisited J. Swimming Research, Vol. 19:2 (2012) Coaching Applications Ernest W. Maglischo, Ph.D. 1970 Lazy Meadow Lane Prescott, AZ 86303 USA ewmaglischo@cox.net Abstract The purpose of this paper will be to describe

More information

KS4 Physical Education

KS4 Physical Education KS4 Physical Education Methods of Training These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created

More information

E n e r g y S o u r c e s

E n e r g y S o u r c e s 1 E n e r g y S o u r c e s When you turn the ignition key in your car, some source of fuel (gas, diesel, or fermented organic manure) must be delivered to the engine for it to fire. Even though the spark

More information

Test next Thursday, the 24 th will only cover the lecture

Test next Thursday, the 24 th will only cover the lecture Test next Thursday, the 24 th will only cover the lecture material, not lab stuff! Objectives Understand how muscles differ Fiber types Understand how we fuel muscle Glycogen Fats How many ATP from each

More information