Study Guide Test #1 Chapter 1-8

Transcription

1 Chapter 1: Be able to explain the following: Study Guide Test #1 Chapter 1-8 I am confused? CDC and ACSM have different guidelines. Why? Is one better than the other that will provide me all the physiological benefits I have read about from being fit? What is exercise? What is Physical Activity? How much exercise or physical activity is necessary for health? (CDC & ACSM) What are the benefits of being physically active? How many people in the United States are physically active? Drop out of exercise? Are American s more or less active than other nations? Would you describe yourself as an exerciser? Exercise Physical Activity Psychological reactivity Psychology of Physical Activity Health Intervention Chapter #2: Be able to explain the following: A national survey has found that physically active communities are highly attractive to the American population as a place to live, work, retire, and raise their children. What are the major indexes that CDC uses to measure if the community is physical active? What are the 4 parameters that commonly describe physical activity? What is the connection between energy expenditure and physical activity? What questionnaires are used to measure one s level or involvement in physical activity? How accurate, reliable, and valid are self-report questionnaires in measuring one s level of physical activity? Are motion sensors an accurate, reliable, and valid means to determine both physical activity and energy expenditure? What strategies are common is measuring physical activity through observation? Accelerometer Energy expenditure METs Momentary Time Sampling 1

2 Partial Time Sampling Recency Effect RPE Chapter 3: Must be able to answer the following as a belief or myth: Does Physical activity improve one s cognitive function? 1. What is the purpose of conducting meta-analysis involving literature about physical activity? 2. How does effect size clarify issues related to the literature about physical activity? 3. What is the difference between acute and chronic bouts of physical activity? 4. What is the effect of acute or chronic bouts of physical activity on cognitive function? Effect size Meta analysis Chronic Physical Activity Acute Physical Activity Dose response issue Chapter 4: Be able to answer the following as a belief or myth: Does physical activity lowers one s feelings of being anxious, depressed, angry, fatigued, and/or mental confusion? 1. Does physical activity lower my state anxiety levels? Trait anxiety levels? 2. Does physical activity lower clinical depression? Nonclinical depression. 3. Is prescribing anti-depression drugs and exercise an effective intervention in lowering depression and anxiety? 4. Do you really experience a high after you exercise? 5. What are the various biological causes of why exercise and physical activity have a beneficial impact on various psychological states? Clinical depression POMs State-anxiety Trait-anxiety Chapter 5: Be able to explain if the following are benefits or myth: 2

3 Does physical activity improve one s self-image and body image? Does physical activity lower one level of social physique anxiety? What type of exercise seems to affect trait anxiety? In what direction? Why global self-esteem is considered a measure that would provide insight into one s individual behavior? What were Grubar, McDonald, and Hodgden results about specific groups, ages, types of activities and duration on self-esteem? Are people today more or less satisfied with their body image? What are women most concerned about in their body image? What are men most concerned about in their body image? Do athletes differ in their perceptions of their body image to that of non-athletes? If so what are the differences. Are most people positive or negative about their body image? Do active people differ in their perception of their body image as compared to non-active people? If so what are the differences? What types of exercise programs have been found to enhance one s self-perception of their body? What causes social anxiety? Hart et al., found what about women who possess a high or low social physique anxiety? What did Hausenblas & Martens find about instructors and social physique anxiety? What did Caron et al., find that helped reduce social anxiety? Do most women experience a high social anxiety in the weight room when dominated by males rather then females? Why do overweight people often not choose to exercise? How can we identify individuals who have a high social physique anxiety according to Crawford and Eklund? How would you structure your aerobic and weight training class to lower social physique anxiety with women? Social Physique Anxiety Body Image Self-presentation Self-esteem Chapter 6: Be able to explain if the following are benefits or myths: Does physical activity improves one s ability to sleep? Does physical activity reduces one s reactivity to stress. Insomnia affects what percent of the population? Lack of sleep is responsible for what? 3

4 Which type of sleep is associated with feelings of rejuvenation and affected the most by physical activity? What affects does acute physical activity have on time it takes to fall asleep? On the duration of sleep? What are the major flaws in the research about sleep and acute exercise? What is the relationship between the level of fitness and the ability to cope with stress? Can we reduce stress in just one acute exercise session? Repeated chronic exercise produces what adaptations physiologically? Terms to Know NREM SWS REM Stress Chapter 7: Be able to answer the following questions: Exercise dependency, overtraining, burnout, staleness, eating disorders, drug use, and body size perception were discussed in this chapter. As a personal trainer, how would you address these topics in training clients? Definition of exercise dependency based on the 7 criteria by Hasenblaus & others. How was exercise dependency identified? What has been suggested about the relationship between exercise and eating disorders? What percent of exercisers could be at risk for exercise dependency? What are those risks? Cessation of physical activity in the exerciser causes what negative psychological states? What people are considered to be susceptible in becoming exercise dependent people? Is exercise dependency a good or bad thing? What two factors must be present for developing exercise dependency? What treatments are available for those who are exercise dependent? Why is it difficult to treat individual who are exercise dependent? What are the three distinct features about overtraining? What are the negative outcomes of being overtrained? What is the most common mood disturbance that is associated with staleness? How do we prevent staleness in athletes? What are the early warning signs of staleness? How do we treat staleness? What were Davis (2000) conclusions about females with eating disorders? Are eating disorders associated with primary or secondary exercise dependency? Is it true that all excessive runners display psychopathological states similar to patients with anorexia nervosa? Support your answer. Does excessive exercise lead to the development of anorexia nervosa? Support your answer. 4

5 Is it true that most patients with eating disorders are involved in regular physical activity programs? Support your answer. Do athletes as a population self report more eating disorders than non-athletes? If yes, how large is the difference? Is this difference greater for female athletes than male athletes? What activities do male or females with eating disorders usually participate in? Why do individuals that participate in physical activity use steroids? How prevalent is the use of steroids in the high school? Who in high school usually uses steroids? What major mood disturbances are associated with steroid use? People with muscle dysmophia demonstrate what three psychopathological traits? Weight lifters who possess dysmophia score higher than normal weightlifters are what? Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa Exercise dependency Tolerance Withdrawal Sympathetic arousal explanation Personality trait explanation Staleness B-endorphins explanation Muscle dysmophia Overtraining Chapter 8: Be able to answer the following questions What demographic correlates are highly positively associated with physical activity involvement? What psychological correlates have a positive or negative effect on one's physical activity involvement? What characteristic about a physical activity produce a positive or negative effect one's level of physical activity involvement? What behavioral correlates of the client should I consider that may predict if he or she will be physically active? At what ages do we see a 50% dropout in physical activity levels? What is the trend in exercise frequency as we age? What gender engages in more vigorous competitive physical activity? As the client s perception of being in control of their exercise program increases PA involvement does what? When does it become apparent that there are distinct differences in PA levels between races? Which occupational groups have the highest dropout rate of cardiac rehab programs? Is education a positive or negative determinate of PA involvement? Children s level of PA is greater in families where their parents does or possess what? 5

6 What biomedical factors are directly related to dropping out of PA? What are the major perceived barrier to PA? Is lack of time one of them? If you are an active adult were you physically active as a child? What is the relationship between social physique anxiety levels and dropout rate of exercise? Does knowledge of the health benefits have a strong effect one to exercise? Who are most likely to become members of a health club? 6