Lesson 1.1 PREVIEWING THE COURSE AND THE OVERALL SOCIETAL CONTEXT

Transcription

1 Lesson 1.1 PREVIEWING THE COURSE AND THE OVERALL SOCIETAL CONTEXT ~ ~ ~ TOPICS COVERED IN THIS LESSON (a) Is This the Right Course for You? (b) Inactivity & Obesity: Causes, Risks, and Costs 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 1

2 Introductory Kinesiology This course focusses on the study of: Human movement, growth, and development Effects of physical activity on health and performance Factors affecting participation in physical activity and sport 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2

3 Enrollment for Kinesiology Virtual Classroom

4 Career Preparation This course prepares students for university programs in: Kinesiology Physical education and health Health sciences and health studies Recreation and leisure Sports administration 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 4

5 COURSE TEXTBOOK KINESIOLOGY AN INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE SCIENCE 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 5

6 Is this course for you???? Please pay attention to avoid disappointment 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 6

7 Unit 1 Sport Seminars Society, Physical Activity, and Sport 2. The History of Physical Activity and Sport 3. Business, Physical Activity, and Sport 4. Ethical Issues, Physical Activity, and Sport Unit 2 Anatomy and Physiology 5. The Skeletal & Articular Systems 6. The Muscular System 7. Energy Systems & Physical Activity 8. The Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 7

8 Unit 3 Human Performance and Biomechanics 9. Human Growth and Development 10. Motor Learning & Skill Acquisition 11. Biomechanical Theory and Concepts 12. Seven Principles of Biomechanics 13. Analyzing the Efficiency of Human Movement Unit 4 Nutrition, Training, and Ergogenic Aids 14. Nutrition for Human Performance 15. Training and Human Performance 16. Ergogenic Substances and Techniques 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 8

9 Physical Inactivity and Obesity Crises Causes for the twin problems of inactivity and obesity include: Urbanization Motorized transport Mechanization of labour Sedentarism (TV watching, Internet, video games) Processed foods high in sugars and starches Increased portion sizes 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 9

10 Physical Inactivity Crisis Males 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 10

11 Are females better or worse with respect to activity Why???

12 Physical Inactivity Crisis Females 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 12

13 Throughout the world, the numbers of persons who are obese or overweight have escalated steadily in most countries in recent years. World Health Trends 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 13

14 Health Risks of Physical Inactivity & Obesity Inactivity and obesity are primary determinants of lifestyle diseases such as: Coronary artery disease Ischemic strokes Type 2 diabetes Some cancers Osteoporosis Kidney disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic liver disease Depression 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 14

15 The Health-Care Costs of Inactivity 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 15

16 Lesson 1.2 OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ~ ~ ~ TOPICS COVERED IN THIS LESSON (a) Types of Barriers Confronting Canadians (b) Ways to Overcome Barriers to Physical Activity 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 16

17 Focussing Question ~ ~ ~ What prevents people from being physically active and how can we as a society overcome these obstacles? 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 17

18 Environmental Barriers Built environments play a major role in levels of physical activity: Built environments are human-made settings for human activity. Consist of buildings, neighbourhoods, cities, infrastructure, and parks or green space Often discourage active transportation (walking, biking, rollerblading) Often encourage passive transportation via cars and public transit 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 18

19 Socioeconomic Barriers ~~~ Socioeconomic barriers are those associated with the social standing of an individual or group, typically measured as a combination of income, education, and occupation. For example: One in five Canadian families cannot afford to enroll their children in recreation programs. These families need subsidies for registration, equipment, and transportation costs. Aboriginal families can be especially disadvantaged Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 20

20 Cultural Barriers ~~~ Multiculturalism is a celebration of ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted as official government policy during the 1970s and 1980s. By the early twenty-first century, newcomers from outside British and French heritage composed the majority of the Canadian population. Barriers continue to exist despite Canada s celebration of diversity and multiculturalism. Canadian Sport Policy aims to increase access to sport for new immigrants. More needs to be done to reduce language barriers and the isolation that many newcomers experience Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 20

21 Personal Barriers ~~~ Personal barriers are obstacles that are definitely real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, under the control of the individual (finding time to exercise, low self-esteem, lack of motivation, and so on). These barriers include: Lack of time Lack of energy Poor diet No access to gym or gym equipment Financial constraints 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 21

22 Psychological Barriers ~~~ Psychological barriers are obstacles that are real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, in the mind or in the attitude of the individual. Fear of pain and physical exertion Self-consciousness about appearance Apparent lack of motivation 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 22

23 Overcoming Environmental Barriers Suggestions: Establish Active and Safe Routes to School community programs. Pressure governments to increase funding for parks, playgrounds, safe pedestrian walkways, bike paths, street lighting, etc. Take stairs rather than elevators or escalators. Engage in mobile meetings and walk or bike rather than drive or take the bus Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 23

24 Suggestions: Overcoming Psychological Barriers Find a form of physical activity that is fun. Stop a particular exercise if it hurts. Work out in a less competitive environment. Seek out a support system. Choose social activities that don t involve sitting. Reward yourself in healthy ways Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 24

25 Suggestions: Overcoming Personal Barriers Take stairs; walk, jog, bike, rollerblade, skateboard to school or work. Reduce TV watching and screen time. Work out during TV commercials. Start at 10 min of exercise per day and build from there. Use your own body; there is no need for fancy gym equipment. Switch from junk food to healthy foods Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 25

26 Reduce Lifestyle Diseases By Changing Diet, Environment, & Activity Level 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 26

27 Lifestyle Diseases ~ ~ ~ Lifestyle diseases ( acquired diseases ) are illnesses that are largely preventable and that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized. They can include some kinds of cancer, chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, osteoporosis, stroke, and depression. Probable Causes: Poor diet Harmful lifestyle habits Sedentarism 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 30

28 Lesson 1.3 PHYSICAL LITERACY: THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS & COMMUNITIES ~ ~ ~ TOPICS COVERED IN THIS LESSON (a) Physical Literacy and Its Champions (b) The Benefits of School & Community Physical Activity Programs 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 28

29 Focussing Question ~ ~ ~ What can schools and communities do to promote physical literacy for everyone? 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 29

30 What Is Physical Literacy? A powerful educational movement pioneered by British educator Margaret Whitehead Individuals who are physically literate move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical environments. Physical literacy benefits the development of the whole person. Movement competence provides a pathway to active, healthy living Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 30

31 Children Need to Learn to Move 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 31

32 Champions of Physical Literacy Canadian champions of physical literacy: Physical and Health Education Canada (PHE Canada) Ontario Physical and Health Education Association (Ophea) Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L) Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) ParticipACTION Ever Active Schools 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 32

33 Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L) Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) Canadian Sport for Life has conceptualized a cradle-to-grave life cycle of physical activity and sport the LTAD model Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 33

34 The LTAD Model The Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model Emphasizes physical literacy across the lifespan Provides a seven-stage training, competition, and recovery pathway Takes into account the different developmental stages we undergo as children, adolescents, and adults 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 34

35 The Seven Stages of the LTAD Model There are seven stages to the Long-Term Athlete Development model. These are: Stage 1: Active Start (0-6 years) Stage 2: FUNdamentals (girls 6-8, boys 6-9) Stage 3: Learn to Train (girls 8-11, boys 9-12) Stage 4: Train to Train (girls 11-15, boys 12-16) Stage 5: Train to Compete (girls 15-21, boys 16-23) Stage 6: Train to Win (girls 18+, boys 19+) Stage 7: Active for Life (any age participant) 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 40

36 Physical Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Maintenance of a healthy body weight Prevention of lifestyle diseases Improved fitness for healthy, strong muscles and bones 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 36

37 Mental Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Reduced stress and depression Improved self-image Improved concentration, attention span, and mood Improved memory Increased productivity Slowed-down brain aging Composite brain images of 20 students taking the same test after sitting quietly (top) and after a 20-minute walk. (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Hillman, University of Illinois.) 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 37

38 Social Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Reduced behavioural problems in school Enhanced academic performance Increased self-confidence and self-acceptance Opportunities to make friends Greater overall community health and cohesiveness Higher levels of social capital 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 38

39 Social Benefits of Community & School Sport and Physical Activity Programs Reduced use of drugs and alcohol Development of improved social skills and employability skills Support for at-risk youth and new immigrants Greater inclusiveness and accessibility to sport and physical activity for everyone 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 39

40 Economic Benefits of Community Sport & Physical Activity Programs Decreased incidence of illness and injury = lower health costs Millions of unpaid hours of service to sport activities in volunteers communities Role models for the pursuit of personal excellence = greater economic selfsufficiency 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 40

41 Lesson 1.4 THE STUDY OF KINESIOLOGY AND RELATED CAREER PATHWAYS ~ ~ ~ TOPICS COVERED IN THIS LESSON (a) The Discipline of Kinesiology (b) Career Paths Related to Kinesiology 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 41

42 Focusing Question ~ ~ ~ To which career pathways does the study of kinesiology lead? 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 50

43 What Is Kinesiology? ~ ~ ~ Kinesiology is the systematic study of the physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects of human movement and how it can be optimized. It is a fantastic subject area if you enjoy a multidisciplinary approach to learning Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 43

44 The Discipline of Kinesiology 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 44

45 Other Names for Kinesiology The field of study, research, and professional practice known as Kinesiology is sometimes referred to by related names, such as: Exercise Science Physical Education Sport Science (or Sport Studies) Human Kinetics 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 45

46 Bioscientific Areas Covered in Kinesiology Anatomy and Physiology The Skeletal and Articular Systems The Muscular System Human Energy Systems The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Human Growth and Development Biomechanics Nutritional Science 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 46

47 Sociocultural Areas Covered in Kinesiology Kinesiology covers the impact of the following sociocultural factors on the study of sport and human movement: History Politics Economics Race and ethnicity Gender Sport Ethics Kinesiology also covers the reverse that is, the impact of sport and human movement on sociocultural factors Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 47

48 Overview of Career Paths Related to Kinesiology Students of kinesiology can choose from a wide range of careers: Research (e.g., Biomechanics) Medicine Health promotion Rehabilitation Teaching and training Leisure, recreation, and sports administration 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 48

49 Sample Academic and Career Pathways 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 49

50 Occupations in Kinesiology 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 50

51 Occupations in Physical Education 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 51

52 Occupations in Recreation & Leisure 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 60

53 Occupations in Health Education 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 53