Peanut Pest Management (outside of disease)
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1 Peanut Pest Management (outside of disease) David Jordan, Crop and Soil Sciences Rick Brandenburg, Entomology and Plant Pathology Barbara Shew, Entomology and Plant Pathology
2 Information and Updates Peanut Notes Peanut Information Series Field days County production meetings Risk Management Tool
3 Agronomy Heat units in Sep and Oct Peanut yield Varieties Price and economic return
4 Average heat unit accumulation from Lewiston-Woodville, NC M 15 - J 15 J 16-J 15 J 16 - A 15 A 16 - S 15 S 16 - O 15 O 16 - N 1 Ten-year average ( ) 2018
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6 4 of 125 populations resistant to PPO herbicides One population resistant to glyphosate and herbicides that inhibit ALS, PPO, and HPPD
7 Weed Control in Peanut Overlapping residuals has been a component of success Intensive weed control early in the season is important Just as expensive and less effective to control weed escapes later in the season Spraying large Palmer amaranth multiple times with PPO inhibitors later in the season most likely hastens development of resistant populations
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9 Weed Control in Peanut Effective PPI and PRE herbicides need to be supported with early POST applications of paraquat plus bentazon with residual herbicides Acetochlor, dimethenamid-p, pyroxazulfone, or S- metolachlor/metolachlor are effective residual herbicides applied with paraquat plus bentazon
10 Which residual herbicide is most effective? Still working on that answer in North Carolina During the development phase we used the company protocol with pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor primarily in a comprehensive program with other herbicides applied PRE and late POST Currently determining the length of residual control with pyroxasulfone compared to traditional standards Today we are discussing peanut safety and not weed control
11 Thrips Control in Peanut Effective systemic in-furrow insecticides often need to be supported with early POST applications of acephate Acetochlor, dimethenamid-p, pyroxazulfone, or S- metolachlor/metolachlor are effective residual herbicides applied with paraquat plus bentazon, and these combinations are often applied with acephate for thrips and weed control
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13 Current Knowledge of Co-Application for Thrips and Weed Control Many studies with S-metolachlor/metolachlor mixed with paraquat plus bentazon plus acephate Some work with dimethenamid-p, but this herbicide is used less frequently Information is limited with respect to mixtures of acetochlor or pyroxazulfone mixed with paraquat plus bentazon plus acephate
14 Peanut injury (%, chlorosis, necrosis, stunting) 5-6 WAP following application of in-furrow application of phorate, paraquat, bentazon, residual herbicides, and foliar application of acephate a,b Herbicide POST In-furrow insecticide Contact Residual Insecticide No Phorate Phorate Paraquat plus bentazon a 18 cd Paraquat plus bentazon - Acephate 28 b 12 de Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone - 37 a 18 cd Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor - 40 a 16 d Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone Acephate 23 bc 12 de Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor Acephate 23 bc 14 de No herbicide b 14 de No herbicide - Acephate 17 cd 9 e a Means followed by the same letter are not different according to Fisher s Protected LSD at p < Data are pooled over 4 trials. b Paraquat and bentazon applied at 8 oz/acre. Pyroxasulfone at 2.1 dry oz/acre or 3.3 fluid oz/acre. Acetochlor at 48 fluid oz/acre. Nonionic surfactant at 1 pint/100 gal. applied with all treatments in 15 GPA.
15 Peanut yield (lbs/acre) following application of in-furrow application of phorate, paraquat, bentazon, residual herbicides, and foliar application of acephate a,b Herbicide POST In-furrow insecticide Contact Residual insecticide No Phorate Phorate Paraquat plus bentazon e 4600 a-d Paraquat plus bentazon - Acephate 4070 e 4400 b-e Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone de 4710 abc Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor e 4380 b-d Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone Acephate 4400 b-e 4660 abc Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor Acephate 4360 cde 4820 a No herbicide b-e 4270 e No herbicide - Acephate 4220 e 4610 a-d a Means followed by the same letter are not different according to Fisher s Protected LSD at p < Data are pooled over 4 trials. b Paraquat and bentazon applied at 8 oz/acre. Pyroxasulfone at 2.1 dry oz/acre or 3.3 fluid oz/acre. Acetochlor at 48 fluid oz/acre. Nonionic surfactant at 1 pint/100 gal. applied with all treatments in 15 GPA.
16 Peanut injury (%) following application of paraquat, bentazon, and residual herbicides a Herbicides Rate Visual injury (%) Contact Residual (oz/acre) 1 WAT 2 WAT 3 WAT Paraquat plus bentazon a 8 a 5 b Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone a 17 a 20 ab Paraquat plus bentazon Dimethenamid-P a 12 a 25 ab Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor a 20 a 20 ab Paraquat plus bentazon S-metolachlor a 28 a 40 a Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone a 13 a 24 ab Paraquat plus bentazon Dimethenamid-P a 25 a 33 ab Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor a 13 a 15 ab Paraquat plus bentazon S-metolachlor a 30 a 37 ab a Means followed by the same letter are not different according to Fisher s Protected LSD at p < Data are from 1 trial. Nonionic surfactant at 1 pint/100 gal. applied with all treatments in 15 GPA. Pendimethalin plus flumioxazin PRE.
17 Peanut injury (%) following application of paraquat, bentazon, and residual herbicides a Herbicides Rate Visual injury (%) Contact Residual (oz/acre) 1 WAT 2 WAT 3 WAT Paraquat plus bentazon c 9 b 16 a Paraquat plus bentazon Pyroxasulfone b 21 ab 14 a Paraquat plus bentazon Dimethenamid-P c 13 b 14 a Paraquat plus bentazon Acetochlor a 30 a 23 a Paraquat plus bentazon S-metolachlor bc 14 b 26 a a Means followed by the same letter are not different according to Fisher s Protected LSD at p < Data are from 1 trial. Nonionic surfactant at 1 pint/100 gal. applied with all treatments in 15 GPA. Pendimethalin plus flumioxazin PRE.
18 One Day after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus pyroxasulfone
19 One Day after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus dimethenamid-p
20 One Day after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus acetochlor
21 One Day after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor
22 Two Weeks after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus pyroxasulfone
23 Two Weeks after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus dimethenamid-p
24 Two Weeks after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus acetochlor
25 Two Weeks after Treatment Paraquat plus bentazon Paraquat plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor
26 Importance of Thrips
27 Control Options Systemic insecticides at planting Acephate Phorate/Thimet Admire Pro/Generics Velum Total AgLogic Foliar applications Acephate
28 Concerns Acephate and delayed peanut emergence Imidacloprid increasing spotted wilt Velum Total expense and unpredictable and erratic nematode populations Thimet injury to peanut Acephate and Thimet MOAs and registrations Potential resistance to imidacloprid AgLogic expense
29 Thimet injury
30 Challenges Logistics Acephate POST
31 Planting Date, Phorate, Acephate Jordan, Brandenburg, Shew
32 Thrips injury as affected by the interaction of planting date by phorate by acephate application. a,b Treatment Planting date Early May Mid May Late May scale 5 None 3.1 a 2.3 b 1.8 c Phorate (IFG) 0.7 f 1.0 e 0.3 g Acephate (POST) 1.2 d 1.0 e 1.1 de Phorate fb acephate (IFG fb POST) 0.3 g 0.4 g 0.2 g a Means within a year followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Fisher s Protected LSD test at P Data are pooled over years. Phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting and acephate applied POST 3 WAP at 5 lbs/acre and 8 oz/acre, respectively. b Injury from thrips feeding was recorded 2 weeks after acephate was applied using an ordinal scale of 0 to 5, where 0 = no damage, 1 = noticeable feeding but no stunting, 2 = noticeable feeding and 25% stunting, 3 = feeding with blackened terminals and 50% stunting, 4 = severe feeding and 75% stunting, 5 = severe feeding and 90% stunting. Less injury from thrips as planting is delayed in absence of insecticide
33 Peanut yield in as affected by the interaction of phorate and acephate application. a, b Treatment No insecticide Phorate Acephate Phorate followed by acephate Peanut yield lbs/acre 4830 b 5080 a 5020 a 5120 a a Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Fisher s Protected LSD test at P Data are pooled over years and planting dates. Phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting and acephate applied POST 3 WAP at 5 lbs/acre and 8 oz/acre, respectively. Protection from thrips injury is needed regardless of planting date
34 Admire Pro Trials Brandenburg and Jordan
35 Thrips Injury (Scale 0-5) 5 Weeks after Planting (WAP) Acephate applied 3 WAP Brandenburg and Jordan Trials (7 total) LSD = No POST Acephate POST None Acephate Admire Pro Thimet
36 Peanut Yield (pounds/acre) Brandenburg and Jordan Trials (7 total) LSD = No POST Acephate POST None Acephate Admire Pro Thimet Positive yield response to Acephate regardless of in-furrow insecticide treatment Admire Pro provided greater yield than other treatments
37 Velum Total Trials Brandenburg and Jordan
38 Thrips Injury (Scale 0-5) 5 Weeks after Planting (WAP) Acephate applied 3 WAP Brandenburg and Jordan Trials (6 total) None Velum Total Admire Pro Thimet LSD = 0.4 No POST Acephate POST
39 Peanut Yield (pounds/acre) Brandenburg and Jordan Trials (6 total) LSD = No POST Acephate POST None Velum Total Admire Pro Thimet
40 Velum Total Trials Images from 2017 and 2018
41 Non-treated control Velum Total 2017 Trial
42 Non-treated control Admire Pro
43 Non-treated control Thimet
44 Non-treated control Acephate POST
45 Non-treated control Velum Total/Acephate
46 Non-treated control Admire Pro/Acephate
47 Non-treated control Thimet/Acephate
48 Non-treated control Velum Total 2018 Trial
49 Non-treated control Admire Pro
50 Non-treated control Thimet
51 Non-treated control Acephate POST
52 Non-treated control Velum Total/Acephate
53 Non-treated control Admire Pro/Acephate
54 Non-treated control Thimet/Acephate
55 Summary Thrips control is critical in NC Tools are currently effective Some concerns about long-term utility of products (MOA of Thimet, potential for imidacloprid resistance, TSW)
56 Southern Corn Rootworm Brandenburg, Royals, Jordan, Hare
57 Injury from Southern Corn Rootworm Data are from 25 trials during Scarring (%) Yield loss threshold, about 25% scarring Non-treated Prevathon Lorsban
58 Injury from Southern Corn Rootworm Data are from 25 trials during Pod yield (lbs/acre) Yield loss threshold, about 25% scarring Non-treated Prevathon Lorsban
59 Pyrethroid resistance in corn earworm Presence of tobacco budworm Points to: Use of more effective but certainly more expensive chemistries to control the foliar-feeding insect complex Rick Brandenburg, DEPP (Jordan paraphrase)
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