Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Week 10; Lecture 1; Tuesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Cranial Nerves and Soft Tissues of the Skull
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1 Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Week 10; Lecture 1; Tuesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Cranial Nerves and Soft Tissues of the Skull
2 FOREBRAIN MIDBRAIN HINDBRAIN
3
4 Forebrain: Cerebrum Perception, movement of somatopleure, sensoro-motor integration, emotion, memory, learning. Diencephalon Homeostasis, behavioral drives in hypothalamus; sensory relay and modification in thalamus; melatonin secretion in pineal gland. Midbrain (Mesencephalon) Control of eye movement. Hindbrain Cerebellum and Pons control of movement, proprioreceptive input; relays visual and auditory reflexes in pons. Medulla Oblongata Involuntry functions: blood pressure, sleep, breathing, vomiting.
5 Development Special Sense organs = nose, eyes and ears, begin as small outcrops of ectoderm called placodes
6 Development Placode 1 = nose Placode 2 = eye Placode 3 = ear
7 Development In the nose, the ectoderm become nerve cells that send their fibres through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, back to the brain This is Cranial Nerve I = the Olfactory Nerve
8 Development
9 Development
10 Development The second placode becomes the lens of the eye. It sinks below the surface of the skin, and an outgrowth of the brain wraps around it. The outgrowth is the retina, and the stalk connecting it is Cranial Nerve II = The Optic Nerve
11 Development
12 Development The Inner ear starts out as a lens, but turns into a fluid filled sac Receptor organs of hearing and balance. Cranial Nerve VIII = Auditory or Vestibulocochlear Nerve
13 Development
14 Development Head somites can be divided into 2 sets. Pre-otic and post-otic
15 Development The sklerotomes of the post otic somites help form the floor of the brain case
16 Development.and their myotomes develop into muscles of the tongue
17 Development The myotomes of the pre-otic somites form the muscles that move the eyeballs.
18 Development Each is supplied by a different cranial nerve:
19 Development Cranial Nerve III = Occulomotor Nerve
20 Development Cranial Nerve IV = Trochlear Nerve
21 Development Cranial Nerve VI = Abducens Nerve
22 Gill Arch Derivatives Development
23 Mandibular arch Development
24 Cranial Nerve V: The Trigeminal Nerve (3 branches) V1 Opthalmic, V2 Maxillary, V3 Mandibular
25 Hyoid arch Development
26 Cranial Nerve VII: Facial nerve
27 Next arch Development
28 Cranial nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
29 Remaining arches Development
30 Cranial nerve X: The Vagus Nerve
31 The Cranial Nerves Summary of Cranial Nerves
32 Is there a #0 nerve? The Nervus Terminalis (Nerve Zero) has been suggested as a primitive vertebrate structure serving the vomeraonasal organ.
33 Special Sensory Nerves
34
35 Cranial Nerve I The Olfactory Nerve Sensory Smell Cribriform plate of ethmoid
36
37
38
39 Introduction to eye proper
40 Cranial Nerve II The Optic Nerve Sensory Vision Optic foramen
41 Ventral Root Cranial Nerves
42
43 Cranial Nerve III The Occulomotor Nerve Mainly motor Eye Movement Superior orbital fissure
44 Cranial Nerve III The Occulomotor Nerve Mainly motor Eye Movement Superior orbital fissure
45 Detail on Occulomotor (III) Function: Motor to all extra-ocular muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique. Parasympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae and ciliaris muscles (synapse in ciliary ganglion). Sympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae and ciliaris muscles. Fibers originate in upper thoracic levels, synapse in cervical ganglia, get to orbit via associated arteries.
46 Opthalmic nerve pathways
47
48 Cranial Nerve IV The Trochlear Nerve Mainly motor Superior oblique Superior orbital fissure
49 Superior oblique Cranial Nerve IV
50
51 Cranial Nerve VI The Abducens Nerve Mainly motor Lateral rectus Superior orbital fissure
52 Lateral rectus Cranial Nerve VI
53 SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE AND STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH IT. III IV VI V1 Opthalmic v. 1 Opth. a. V2 Sphenoid/ anterior view of orbital surface and sutures with frontal, ethmoid and palatine bones/ cranial nerves indicated
54
55 Cranial Nerve XII The Hypoglossal Nerve Mainly Motor Tongue Hypoglossal Canal
56 Dorsal Root Cranial Nerves
57
58 Cranial Nerve V The Trigeminal Nerve Both V 1 = ophthalmic V 2 = maxillary V 3 = mandibular
59 Cranial Nerve V 1 Ophthalmic division Sensory Superior orbital fissure
60 Opthalmic and maxillary nerve pathways/lateral view
61 Opthalmic and maxillary nerve pathways/medial view of lateral cut away orbit Lateral path of efferent parsympathetics from VII to lacrimal gland following zygomatico-temporal n. V2 to lacrimal n. V3
62 Cranial Nerve V 1 Ophthalmic division Sensory Superior orbital fissure
63 Detail on Ophthalmic (V-1) Function: Almost wholly sensory: eyeball, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, part of nasal mucosa, from brow ridge superiorly. Carrys a bit of sympathetic fibers for dilator pupillae. From upper thoracic levels, synapsing in in upper cervical ganglion. Reaches via branches of internal carotid artery.
64 Cranial Nerve V 2 Maxillary division Sensory Foramen rotundum
65 Cranial Nerve V 2 Maxillary division Sensory Foramen rotundum
66 Cranial Nerve V 3 Mandibular division Both Foramen ovale
67 Cranial Nerve V 3 Mandibular division Both Foramen ovale Sensory Component
68 Detail on Mandibular (V-3) Function: Sensory to lower jaw region, including teeth. Motor nerve to muscles of the mandibular arch: masseter, temporalis, anterior and posterior pterygoids, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, anterior digastric, and tensor veli palatini. The auriculotemporal branch contains secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland via the parotid branches.
69 Cranial Nerve V
70
71 Cranial Nerve VII The Facial Nerve Both Motor and sensory
72 Cranial Nerve VII The Facial Nerve Both motor and sensory Muscles of facial expression Parasympathetic: Lacrimal ducts, taste, salivary glands
73 Cranial Nerve VII The Facial Nerve VII a VII b VII c VII d VII e Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
74 Cranial Nerve VII Enter skull via internal auditory meatus
75 Cranial Nerve VII Exit skull via stylomastoid foramen
76 Cranial Nerve VII a Temporal b Zygomatic c Buccal d Mandibular e Cervical
77 Detail on Facial (VII) Function: Motor to muscles of the hyoid arch: posterior digastric, mm. of facial expression. Sends parasympathetic fibers via greater petrosal branch and pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal gland (secretomotor fibers). It may also supply parasympathetic innervation to palatine, pharyngeal, and nasal glands.
78 An Evolutionary Branch of VII
79 Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve Sensory Hearing Internal Auditory Meatus
80
81 Cranial Nerve IX The Glossopharyngeal Nerve Both Pharynx, posterior tongue Jugular foramen
82 Cranial Nerve IX The Glossopharyngeal Nerve Both Pharynx, posterior tongue Jugular foramen
83 Detail on Glossopharyngeal (IX) Function: Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle. Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to parotid gland. Sensory to pharynx, tonsils, and posterior 1/3 of tongue. Taste fibers for posterior 1/3 of tongue.
84
85 Cranial Nerve X The Vagus Nerve Both Throat to end of midgut Jugular foramen
86 Cranial Nerve X The Vagus Nerve Both Throat to end of midgut Jugular foramen
87 An Evolutionary Branch of X
88 Cranial Nerve XI The Accessory Nerve Mainly Motor larynx, pharynx, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid Foramen Magnum
89 Names
90 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulochochlar Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal
91 Motor, sensory, or both
92 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Sp. Sense Sp. Sense Ventral Rt. Ventral Rt. Dorsal Rt. Ventral Rt. Dorsal Rt. Sp. Sense Dorsal Rt. Dorsal Rt. Dorsal Rt. Ventral Rt. Sensory Sensory Mainly motor Mainly motor Both Mainly motor Both Sensory Both Both Mainly motor Mainly motor
93 Route
94 I II SENSORY SENSORY Cribriform plate Optic Canal
95 III IV V VI MAINLY MOTOR MAINLY MOTOR BOTH MAINLY MOTOR Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure
96 III IV V VI MAINLY MOTOR MAINLY MOTOR BOTH MAINLY MOTOR Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure
97 III IV V VI MAINLY MOTOR MAINLY MOTOR BOTH V1 V2 V3 MAINLY MOTOR Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Foramen Rotundum Foramen Ovale Superior orbital fissure
98 VII BOTH Internal Auditory meatus VIII SENSORY Internal Auditory meatus
99 VII VIII B SENSORY Internal Auditory meatus Exits through stylomastoid foramen Internal Auditory meatus
100 IX X BOTH BOTH Jugular foramen Jugular foramen
101 XI XII MAINLY MOTOR MAINLY MOTOR Foramen Magnum Hypoglossal Canal
102 Functional Summary (Note other details)
103 I OLFACTORY SENSORY CRIBRIFORM PLATE SMELL
104 II OPTIC SENSORY OPTIC CANAL Vision
105 III OCCULOMOTOR MAINLY MOTOR SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE Focusing
106 IV TROCHLEAR MAINLY MOTOR SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE Superior obliques
107 V TRIGEMINAL BOTH SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE Ophthalmic, FORAMEN OVALE maxillary, FORAMEN ROTUNDUM mandibular
108 VI ABDUCENS MAINLY MOTOR SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE Lateral rectus
109 VII FACIAL BOTH INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS Temporal Zygomatic EXITS THROUGH STYLO- MASTOID FORAMEN Buccal Mandibular Cervical
110 VIII AUDITORY SENSORY INTERNAL Hearing AUDITORY MEATUS
111 IX GLOSSO PHARYNGEAL BOTH JUGULAR FORAMEN Taste, saliva, throat
112 X VAGUS BOTH JUGULAR Motor and Sensory. FORAMEN Parasympathetic from throat to end of midgut
113 XI ACCESSORY MAINLY MOTOR FORAMEN MAGNUM Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, throat
114 XII HYPOGLOSSAL MAINLY MOTOR HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL Tongue and throat
115 Meninges (All from Neural Crest) Outermost: Dura mater Middle: Arachnoid mater Deepest: Pia mater Cerebrospinal fluid between Arachnoid and Pia mater
116 Meninges: Dura mater
117 Dural Reflections Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli
118 Vasculature: Venus Sinuses
119 Vasculature: Venus Sinuses
120 Vasculature: Venus Sinuses
121 Vasculature: Arterial Supply
122 Vasculature: Arterial Supply
123
124 Jaw Moving Musculature:
125 Jaw Opening Musculature: Diagastric Muscle Anterior belly innervated by Mandibular (V3) nerve Posterior belly innervated by Facial (VII) nerve
126 Note! Stylohyoid, styloglossus, tongue muscles in general.
127 Superficial Facial Muscles (all innervated by VII)
128 Some muscles of mastication (Innervated by V3) Deeper Facial Muscles (All innervated by VII)
129 Tongue: Surface
130 Extrenisc and Intrensic Tongue Muscles
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