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1 Frontal Bone Cranium forms the forehead and roof of the orbits Occipital Bone Cranium forms posterior and inferior portions of the cranium Temporal Bone Cranium inferior to the parietal bone forms the side walls of the cranium Sphenoid Bone Cranium forms the floor of the cranium, braces the sidewalls of the skull and forms a bridge between facial and cranial bones Zygomatic Bone Face articulates with the frontal and maxillary bones, forms zygomatic arch with the temporal bone Maxilla Face upper jaw- forms the anterior roof of the mouth Vomer Cranium forms part of the nasal cavity with the ethmoid bone/ articulates with the palatine bone Palatine Cranium Forms posterior portion of the hard palate/contributes to the floor of the nasal cavity/forms part of the floor of the orbits
2 Ethmoid Cranial Forms part of the nasal cavity with the vomer and orbits- articulates with lacrimal Lacrimal Facial Forms medial walls of the orbitsarticulates with ethmoid Foramen Magnum Occipital bone spinal cord, accessory nerve and vertebral arteries Foramen Ovale Sphenoid Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve Foramen Spinosum Sphenoid Middle meningeal artery Foramen Lacerum Between the temporal, occipital and sphenoid bones filled with cartilage Foramen Rotundum Sphenoid bone Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve Jugular Foramen Between temporal and occipital bones Jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve and accessory nerve
3 Palatine Foramen Palatine bone palatine nerves Stylomastoid Foramen Facial nerves Carotid Canal Carotid artery and carotid sympathetic nerve plexus Nasolacrimal Canal Lacrimal bone Holds the tear ducts External Acoustic Meatus Sound waves en route to the tympanic membrane Lambdoid Suture Occipital/ Parietal bones separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones Sagittal Suture Vomer inner opening to the nasal cavity Coronal Suture Occipital bone attachment for neck muscles Squamous Suture Occipital bone attachment for neck muscles
4 Mandibular Fossa groove that accepts the condylar processes of the mandible. Articulates with the mandible Nuchal Lines Occipital bone Ligament and muscle attachment Mastoid Process site of attachment for the sternocleidomastoid muscle in human, and the sternomastoid muscle in the cat Styloid Process attachment site for ligaments that support the hyoid bone, and muscles that control the tongue and pharynx Pterygoid Process Hamulus of the Pterygoid Process Sphenoid Pterygoid Process Anchors muscles used for mastication tendons from a muscle to the soft palate attaches Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch
5 Occipital Condyle Occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebrae- axis External Occipital Protuberance Occipital bone midline projection which provides a site of attachment for the ligamentum nuchae. (Ligament that runs from this protuberance to the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae). Structure (per quadrant) Location Function Incisors (2) Cut flesh Canines (1) Premolars (2) Molars (3) Tear flesh Guide food to molars Grind food
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