Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System
|
|
- Dwayne Merritt
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System Objectives: 1. Define peripheral nervous system and list its components. 2. Classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location. 3. Outline the events that lead to sensation and perception. 4. Describe receptor and generator potentials and sensory adaptation. 5. Describe the main aspects of sensory perception. 6. Define ganglion and indicate the general body location of ganglia. 7. Describe the general structure of a nerve, and follow the process of nerve regeneration. 8. Name the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, indicate the body region and structures innervated by each. 9. Describe the formation of a spinal nerve and the general distribution of its rami. 10. Define plexus. Name the major plexuses and describe the distribution and function of the peripheral nerves arising from each plexus. 11. Compare and contrast the motor endings of somatic and autonomic nerve fibers. 12. motor activity. 13. Name the components of a reflex arc and distinguish between autonomic and somatic reflexes. I. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) A. All neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord B. Includes 1. Sensory receptors 2. Peripheral nerves 3. Associated ganglia 4. Motor endings C. Provides links to and from the external environment II. Sensory Receptors A. Structures specialized to respond to stimuli B. Activation of sensory receptors that trigger impulses to the CNS C. Realization of these stimuli, sensation and perception, occur in brain D. Classification by Stimulus Type 1
2 1. Mechanoreceptors a. Touch b. Pressure c. Vibration d. Stretch e. Itch 2. Thermoreceptors a. Changes in temperature 3. Photoreceptors a. Light energy b. e.g., retina 4. Chemoreceptors a. Chemicals b. e.g., smell, taste, changes in blood chemistry 5. Nociceptors a. Sensitive to pain-causing stimuli E. Classification by Location 1. Exteroceptors a. Respond to stimuli arising outside the body b. Found near the body surface c. Sensitive to 1) Touch 2) Pressure 3) Pain 4) Temperature d. Include the special sense organs 2. Interoceptors a. Respond to stimuli arising within the body b. Found in internal viscera and blood vessels c. Sensitive to 1) Chemical changes 2) Stretch 3) Temperature changes 3. Proprioceptors a. Respond to degree of stretch of the organs they occupy b. Found in 1) Skeletal muscles 2) Tendon 3) Joints 4) Ligaments 2
3 5) Connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles c. Constantly advise the brain of one s movements F. Classification by Structural Complexity 1. Classified as either simple or complex 2. Complex receptors are special sense organs 3. Simple Receptors: Unencapsulated a. Free dendritic nerve endings 1) Respond chiefly to temperature and pain b. Merkel (tactile) discs 1) Light pressure 2) Slow adapting c. Hair follicle receptors 1) Hair delfection 4. Simple Receptors: Encapsulated a. Meissner s corpuscles 1) light pressure 2) discriminative touch 3) vibration of low frequency b. Pacinian corpuscles 1) deep pressure 2) deep stretch 3) vibration of high frequency 4) rapidly adapting c. Muscle spindles 1) muscle stretch d. Golgi tendon organs 1) tendon stretch 2) tendon tension e. Ruffini s corpuscles 1) deep pressure 2) deep stretch 3) slow or nondapting f. Joint kinesthetic receptors III. From Sensation to Perception A. Survival depends upon sensation and perception B. Sensation is the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment C. Perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli D. Organization of the Somatosensory System 3
4 1. Input from a) Exteroceptors b) Proprioceptors c) Interoceptors III. Structure of a Nerve A. Classification of Nerves 1. Sensory and motor divisions a. Sensory (afferent) 1) carry impulse to the CNS 2) body to brain b. Motor (efferent) 1) carry impulses from CNS 2) brain to body c. Mixed 1) sensory and motor fibers carry impulses to and from CNS 2) most common type of nerve B. Peripheral Nerves 1. Mixed nerves a. Carry somatic and autonomic (visceral) impulses 2. Peripheral nerves originate from the brain or spinal column C. Regeneration of Nerve Fibers 1. Damage to nerve tissue is serious because mature neurons are amitotic 2. If the soma of a damaged nerve remains intact, damage can be repaired 3. Regeneration involves coordinated activity among: a. Macrophages 1) remove debris b. Schwann cells 1) form regeneration tube and secrete growth factors c. Axons 1) regenerate damaged part IV. Cranial Nerves A. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain B. They have sensory, motor, or both sensory and motor functions C. Each nerve is identified by a number (I through XII) and a name D. Four cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers that serve muscles and glands 4
5 E. Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory 1. Arises from the olfactory epithelium 2. Fibers run through the olfactory bulb and terminate in the primary olfactory cortex 3. Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for the sense of smell F. Cranial Nerve II: Optic 1. Arises from the retina of the eye 2. Optic nerves pass through the optic canals and converge at the optic chiasm 3. From there, the optic radiation fibers run to the visual cortex 4. Functions solely by carrying afferent impulses for vision G. Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor 1. Fibers go to the extrinsic eye muscles 2. Functions in raising the eyelid, directing the eyeball, constricting the iris, and controlling lens shape H. Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear 1. Fibers innervate the superior oblique muscle 2. Primarily a motor nerve that directs the eyeball I. Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal 1. Three divisions a. Ophthalmic (V 1 ) b. Maxillary (V 2 ) c. Mandibular (V 3 ) 2. Conveys sensory impulses from various areas of the face (V 1 ) and (V 2 ), and supplies motor fibers (V 3 ) for mastication J. Cranial Nerve VI: Abdcuens 1. Primarily a motor nerve innervating the lateral rectus muscle K. Cranial Nerve VII: Facial 1. Mixed nerve with five major branches 2. Motor functions include facial expression, and the transmittal of autonomic impulses to lacrimal and salivary glands 3. Sensory function is taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue L. Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear 1. Fibers arise from the hearing and equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear, pass through the internal acoustic meatus, and enter the brainstem at the pons-medulla border 2. Two divisions a. Cochlear (hearing) 5
6 b. Vestibular (balance) 3. Functions are solely sensory a. Equilibrium b. Hearing M. Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal 1. Fibers emerge from the medulla, leave the skull via the jugular foramen, and run to the throat 2. Nerve IX is a mixed nerve with motor and sensory functions a. Motor 1) Innervates part of the tongue and pharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland b. Sensory 2) Conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx N. Cranial Nerve X: Vagus 1. The only cranial nerve that extends beyond the head and neck 2. Fibers emerge from the medulla via the jugular foramen 3. Mixed nerve 4. Most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and visceral organs 5. Its sensory function is in taste O. Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory 1. Formed from a cranial root emerging from the medulla and a spinal root arising from the superior region of the spinal cord 2. Spinal root passes upward into the cranium via the foramen magnum 3. The accessory nerve leaves the cranium via the jugular foramen 4. Primarily a motor nerve 5. Supplies fibers to the larynx, pharynx, and soft palate 6. Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, which move the head and neck P. Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal 1. Innervates both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, which contribute to swallowing and speech 6
7 Cranial Nerves I. OLFACTORY SENSORY SMELL II. OPTIC SENSORY VISION III. OCULOMOTOR MOTOR MOST EXTERNAL EYE MUSCLES IV. TROCHLEAR MOTOR SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE V. TRIGEMINAL SENSORY 3 DIV. OPTHALMIC MOTOR MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR VI. ABDUCENS MOTOR LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE 7
8 VII. FACIAL SENSORY ANTERIOR 2/3 TONGUE MOTOR TASTE; MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION VIII. AUDITORY SENSORY EQUILIBRIUM/HEARING IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL SENSORY POSTERIOR 1/3TONGUE MOTOR TASTE; PHARYNX, PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE X. VAGUS SENSORY SKIN INTERNAL ORGANS MOTOR & GLANDS MUSCLES OF ORGANS & GLANDS XI. SPINAL ACCESSORY MOTOR STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID & TRAPEZIUS XII. HYPOGLOSSAL MOTOR MUSCLES OF TONGUE V. Spinal Nerves A. Thirty-one pairs of mixed nerves arise from the spinal cord and supply all parts of the body except the head B. They are named according to their point of issue 1. 8 cervical (C 1 -C 8 ) thoracic (T 1 -T 12 ) 3. 5 Lumbar (L 1 -L 5 ) 4. 5 Sacral (S 1 -S 5 ) 5. 1 Coccygeal (C 0 ) C. Spinal Nerves: Roots 1. Ventral roots arise from the anterior horn and contain motor (efferent) fibers 2. Dorsal roots arise from sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and contain sensory (afferent) fibers D. Nerve Plexuses 1. Each branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nerves 2. Plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regions 3. Will innervate a specific muscle 4. Damage to one spinal segment cannot completely paralyze a muscle E. Cervical Plexus 1. Cervical plexus is formed by branches of C 1 -C 4 8
9 2. Most branches are cutaneous nerves of the neck, ear, back of head, and shoulders 3. Most important nerve of this plexus is the phrenic nerve 4. Phrenic nerve is the major motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm F. Brachial Plexus 1. Formed by C 5 -C 8 and T 1 (C 4 and T 2 may also contribute to this plexus) 2. It gives rise to the nerves that innervate the upper limb 3. Nerves a. Axillary 1) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor b. Musculocutaneous 1) Sends fibers to the biceps brachii and brachialis c. Median 1) Branches to most of the flexor muscles of arm d. Ulnar 1) Supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and part of the flexor digitorum profundus e. Radial 1) Innervates essentially all extensor muscles G. Lumbar Plexus 1. Arises from L 1 -L 4 and innervates the thigh, abdominal wall, and psoas muscle 2. The major nerves are the femoral and the obturator H. Sacral Plexus 1. Arises from L 4 -S 4 and serves the buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures, and the perineum 2. The major nerve is the sciatic, the longest and thickest nerve of the body 3. The sciatic is actually composed of two nerves a) Tibial b) Common fibular (peroneal) nerves I. Dermatomes 1. A dermatome is the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve VI. Motor Endings A. Innervation of Skeletal Muscle 1. Takes place at a neuromusclular junction 9
10 2. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft B. Innervation of Visceral Muscle and Glands 1. Autonomic motor endings and visceral effectors are simpler than somatic junctions 2. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are used as neurotransmitters VII. Reflexes A. Reflex 1. Rapid, predictable motor response to a stimulus 2. Reflexes may: a. Be inborn (intrinsic) or learned (acquired) b. Involve only peripheral nerves and the spinal cord c. Involve higher brain centers as well B. Reflex Arc 1. Five components of a reflex arc a. Receptor 1) Site of stimulus b. Sensory neuron 1) Transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS c. Integration center 1) Either monosynaptic or polysynaptic region within the CNS d. Motor neuron 1) Conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector e. Effector 1) Muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulse VII. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) A. The ANS consists of motor neurons that 1. Innervate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands 2. Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities 3. Operate via subconscious control 4. Have viscera as most of their effectors B. Divisions of the ANS 1. Sympathetic a. Mobilizes the body during extreme situations 2. Parasympathetic a. Performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy 10
11 3. The two divisions counterbalance each other C. Role of the Parasympathetic Division 1. Concerned with keeping body energy use low 2. Involves the D activities a. Digestion b. Defecation c. Diuresis 3. Its activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal a. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low b. Gastrointestinal tract activity is high c. Skin is warm and the pupils are constricted D. Role of the Sympathetic Division 1. Fight-or-flight system 2. Involves E activities a. Exercise b. Excitement c. Emergency d. Embarrassment 3. Promotes adjustments during exercise a. Blood flow to organs is reduced b. Flow to muscles is increased 4. Its activity is illustrated by a person who is threatened a. Heart rate increases, and breathing is rapid and deep b. Skin is cold and sweaty, and the pupils dilate 11
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CHAPTER 13 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Functional division of nervous system = afferent info to the CNS ascending spinal cord = efferent info from CNS descending spinal cord somatic skin, muscles visceral
More informationPeripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System Sensory Receptors Motor Endings Cranial Nerves The Four Plexuses Extremities Review of Reflexes Fast, preprogrammed, inborn, automatic responses Occur in the CNS at the spinal
More informationBrain and spinal nerve. By: shirin Kashfi
Brain and spinal nerve By: shirin Kashfi Nervous system: central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system (PNS) Brain (cranial) nerves Spinal nerves Ganglions (dorsal root ganglions, sympathetic
More informationHuman Nervous System:
OLLI Brain: Making Sense of Our World: Lecture 3 Human Nervous System: The Motor & Sensory Divisions Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organization of the Nervous
More informationChapter 13 PNS and reflex activity
Chapter 13 PNS and reflex activity I. Peripheral nervous system A. PNS links CNS to the body B. Sensory: the afferent division C. Motor: the efferent division D. Ganglia: collections of cell bodies in
More informationLab 16: PNS: Nerves and Autonomic NS Hamilton Answers to Pre- Lab Assignments
Lab 16: PNS: Nerves and Autonomic NS Hamilton Answers to Pre- Lab Assignments Pre-Lab Activity 1: 1. a. olfactory nerve b. optic nerve c. oculomotor nerve d. abducens nerve e. trochlear nerve f. trigeminal
More informationPeripheral Nervous System Dr. Gary Mumaugh
Peripheral Nervous System Dr. Gary Mumaugh Spinal Nerves Overview Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord No special names; numbered by level of vertebral column at which they
More informationSynapse Homework. Back page last question not counted. 4 pts total, each question worth 0.18pts. 26/34 students answered correctly!
Synapse Homework Back page last question not counted 26/34 students answered correctly! 4 pts total, each question worth 0.18pts Business TASS hours extended! MWF 1-2pm, Willamette 204 T and Th 9:30-10:30am,
More informationCranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
1. Name the cranial nerves and their Roman numeral. 2. What is Cranial Nerve I called, and what does it 3. Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study
More information4/5/2015. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System Learn and Understand: Peripheral nerves connect the edges of the body and outside world to the CNS. Most nerves carry specific types of information to/from specific locations.
More informationNervous System. The Peripheral Nervous System Agenda Review of CNS v. PNS PNS Basics Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Reflexes Pathways
Nervous System Agenda Review of CNS v. PNS PNS Basics Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory Motor Review of CNS v. PNS Central nervous system (CNS) Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) All
More informationCranial Nerves. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cranial Nerves Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Change in Lab Sequence Week of Oct 2 Lab 5 Week of Oct 9 Lab 4 2 Sensory and Motor Systems Sensory Systems:
More informationChapter 13 & 14 The Peripheral Nervous System & the Autonomic Nervous System. Nervous System Organization
Chapter 13 & 14 The Peripheral Nervous System & the Autonomic Nervous System 49 slides 1 Nervous System Organization Figure 13.1 Place of the PNS in the structural organization of the nervous system. 2
More informationLab # 2: Spinal Cord & Nerves, Reflexes and General Senses. A & P II Spring, 2014
Lab # 2: Spinal Cord & Nerves, Reflexes and General Senses A & P II Spring, 2014 Objectives Be able to identify specified spinal cord structures and spinal nerves on models Be familiar with spinal nerve
More informationNervous System. Student Learning Objectives:
Nervous System Student Learning Objectives: Identify the primary parts of the neuron Identify the major structures of the central nervous system Identify the major structures of the peripheral nervous
More informationIntroduction to Head and Neck Anatomy
Introduction to Head and Neck Anatomy Nervous Tissue Controls and integrates all body activities within limits that maintain life Three basic functions 1. sensing changes with sensory receptors 2. interpreting
More informationMy green thumb came only as a result of the mistakes I made while learning to see things from the plant s point of view. -H. Fred Ale Nervous System 1
My green thumb came only as a result of the mistakes I made while learning to see things from the plant s point of view. -H. Fred Ale Nervous System 1 Classroom Rules You'll get one warning, then you'll
More informationLab Activity 19 & 20. Cranial Nerves General Senses. Portland Community College BI 232
Lab Activity 19 & 20 Cranial Nerves General Senses Portland Community College BI 232 Cranial Nerves Nerves that originate from the brain rather than the spinal cord Part of the peripheral nervous system
More informationChapter 14: Nervous System Guided Notes (A-day)
Chapter 14: Nervous System Guided Notes (A-day) Nervous System Overview Major Function: Control the body's and. Divided into the Nervous System (CNS=Brain and Spinal Cord) and the Nervous System (PNS=Cranial
More informationPeripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System 1 Sensory Receptors Sensory Receptors and Sensation Respond to changes (stimuli) in the environment Generate graded potentials that can trigger an action potential that is carried
More informationHuman Anatomy. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 1 The Spinal Cord Link between the brain and the body. Exhibits some functional independence from the brain. The spinal cord and spinal nerves serve two functions:
More informationI. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) A. Dual Innervation B. Autonomic Motor Pathway 1. Preganglionic Neuron a. Preganglionic Fibers (Axons) (1)
I. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) A. Dual Innervation B. Autonomic Motor Pathway 1. Preganglionic Neuron a. Preganglionic Fibers (Axons) (1) Acetylcholine - ACh 2. Ganglion (Ganglia) 3. Ganglionic Neuron
More informationPart 1: Communication between CNS & PNS
Ch. 6: Peripheral Nervous System Objectives: 1. Communication between CNS & PNS: afferent (sensory) pathway versus efferent (motor) pathway of information. 2. Regulation of somatic (voluntary) motor system
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic nervous system organization Sympathetic Nervous System division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
More informationChapter 14. The Nervous System. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College
Chapter 14 The Nervous System The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Introduction The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of: The spinal
More informationChapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems Sensation n Conscious and subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment. n Components of sensation: Stimulation of the sensory
More informationC h a p t e r PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas
C h a p t e r 15 The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing
More informationCranial nerves.
Cranial nerves eaglezhyxzy@163.com Key Points of Learning Name Components Passing through Peripheral distribution Central connection Function Cranial nerves Ⅰ olfactory Ⅱ optic Ⅲ occulomotor Ⅳ trochlear
More informationThe Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System Pearson Education, Inc.
17 The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System Introduction The autonomic nervous system: Functions outside of our conscious awareness Makes routine adjustments in our body s systems The autonomic nervous
More informationAutonomic Nervous System (the visceral motor system) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Autonomic Nervous System (the visceral motor system) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Coffee Hour Monday, Nov 6, 9:00-10:00am Surdyk s Café in Northrop Auditorium
More informationNeural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
15 Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION to NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY M1 - Gross and Developmental Anatomy Dr. Milton M. Sholley Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Dr. Michael H. Peters Professor of Chemical and Life Science
More informationCRANIAL NERVES. Dr. Amani A. Elfaki Associate Professor Department of Anatomy
CRANIAL NERVES Dr. Amani A. Elfaki Associate Professor Department of Anatomy LEARNING OBJECTIVES Named the cranial nerves Identify the funcunal component of each cranial nerve Identify the effect of each
More informationThe Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
17 The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction The autonomic nervous system functions
More informationHuman Anatomy. Autonomic Nervous System
Human Anatomy Autonomic Nervous System 1 Autonomic Nervous System ANS complex system of nerves controls involuntary actions. Works with the somatic nervous system (SNS) regulates body organs maintains
More informationChapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Spinal Cord Anatomy Protective structures: Vertebral column and the meninges protect the spinal cord and provide physical stability. a. Dura mater, b. Arachnoid,
More informationBiology. A Guide to the Natural World. Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System. Fifth Edition.
Biology A Guide to the Natural World Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System Fifth Edition David Krogh The Nervous System Nervous tissue is composed of two kinds of cells:
More informationOVERVIEW OF THE PNS DIVISIONS OF THE PNS 8/19/2015 MODULE 13.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
ERIN C. AMERMAN FLORIDA STATE COLLEGE AT JACKSONVILLE MODULE 13.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Lecture Presentation by Suzanne Pundt University of Texas at Tyler OVERVIEW OF THE PNS Peripheral
More informationDepartment of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences
Spinal Cord I Lecture Outline and Objectives CNS/Head and Neck Sequence TOPIC: FACULTY: THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES, Part I Department of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences LECTURE: Monday,
More informationTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTE M
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTE M Structure and Functio n THIRD EDITIO N PER BRODAL A Brief Survey, x i Studying the Structures and Function of the Nervous System, xii i Animal Experiments Crucial for Progress,
More informationLaboratory 08 Peripheral Nervous System
Laboratory 08 Peripheral Nervous System Goals: Structure and function of the cranial nerves. 1. List the cranial nerves by name and number. 2. Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves
More informationCranial Nerves VII to XII
Cranial Nerves VII to XII MSTN121 - Neurophysiology Session 13 Department of Myotherapy Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Sensory nerve with two distinct branches. Vestibular branch transmits information
More informationPeripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System Nervous system consists of CNS = brain and spinal cord ~90% (90 Bil) of all neurons in body are in CNS PNS = Cranial nerves and spinal nerves ~10% (10 Bil) of all neurons in body
More informationCollin County Community College. BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS
Collin County Community College BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord Includes sensory receptors, peripheral nerves,
More informationLecture 14: The Spinal Cord
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord M/O Chapters 16 69. Describe the relationship(s) between the following structures: root, nerve, ramus, plexus, tract, nucleus, and ganglion. 70. Trace the path of information
More informationParasymPathetic Nervous system. Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem
ParasymPathetic Nervous system Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem In this lecture we are going to discuss Parasympathetic, in the last lecture we took sympathetic and one of the objectives of last lecture was
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 21 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Overview of Sensations (p. 652) 1. Sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli. 2. For a sensation
More informationSensory system. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College
Sensory system Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College Sensory receptors Detect stimuli Classified by structure Origin Distribution Modality Structural Classification naked nerve endings
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 20 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Introduction (p. 632) 1. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. 2.
More informationGross Anatomy of Lower Spinal Cord
Chapter 13 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes Spinal cord Spinal nerves Somatic reflexes Gross Anatomy of Lower Spinal Cord Meninges of Vertebra & Spinal Cord Spina Bifida Congenital defect
More information1/10/2013. What do neurons look like? Topic 14: Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerves. How do neurons work? The nervous impulse. Specialized Neurons
Topic 4: Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerves What do neurons look like? Neurons What do they look like? How do they work? Neuronal and spinal organization What is the difference between neuron & nerve? How
More informationAutonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
More informationModule H NERVOUS SYSTEM
Module H NERVOUS SYSTEM Topic from General functions of the nervous system Organization of the nervous system from both anatomical & functional perspectives Gross & microscopic anatomy of nervous tissue
More informationWeek 7 and 8 Master Worksheet
The Nervous System Week 7 and 8 Master Worksheet 1. Complete the chart regarding the 3 functions of the nervous system: Sensory input What does it do? Integration Motor output 2. Complete the chart: Component
More informationCLASS-X EPISTODE-6 STATE SYLLABUS NERVOUS SYSTEM
CLASS-X EPISTODE-6 STATE SYLLABUS NERVOUS SYSTEM In the last episode we have seen the structures and function of the components of central nervous system. In this episode we shall examine the peripheral
More informationNote: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for
Chapter 13 Outline Note: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for what you need to know from Exhibits 13.1 13.4 I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves
More informationThe Nervous System PART D. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Nervous System 7 PART D PNS: Spinal Nerves There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each
More informationPNS and ANS Flashcards
1. Name several SOMATIC SENSES Light touch (being touched by a feather), heat, cold, vibration, pressure, pain are SOMATIC SENSES. 2. What are proprioceptors; and how is proprioception tested? PROPRIOCEPTORS
More informationPage 1. Neurons Transmit Signal via Action Potentials: neuron At rest, neurons maintain an electrical difference across
Chapter 33: The Nervous System and the Senses Neurons: Specialized excitable cells that allow for communication throughout the body via electrical impulses Neuron Anatomy / Function: 1) Dendrites: Receive
More informationChapter 16. APR Enhanced Lecture Slides
Chapter 16 APR Enhanced Lecture Slides See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes and animations. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission
More informationHuman Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed,
More informationThe Nervous System: Central Nervous System
The Nervous System: Central Nervous System I. Anatomy of the nervous system A. The CNS & the body by: 1. monitoring of the body 2. & information between parts of the body 3. acting as a to gather, store,
More informationThe Nervous System PART C. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Nervous System 7 PART C Protection of the Central Nervous System Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral
More informationChp. 16: AUTONOMIC N.S. (In Review: Peripheral N. S.)
Chp. 16: AUTONOMIC N.S. (In Review: Peripheral N. S.) Peripheral nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons Among the motor neurons, some of these are somatic and innervate skeletal muscles while some
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY
NTRODUCTON to NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY M1 - Gross and Developmental Anatomy Dr. Milton M. Sholley Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Dr. Michael H. Peters Professor of Chemical and Life Science Engineering
More informationCourse: Physical Assessment II Date: October 17, 2008 Doc: Practice Quiz 1
Course: Physical Assessment II Date: October 17, 2008 Doc: Practice Quiz 1 This is the practice quiz we did in Class 4. The answers are at the end of the quiz should you wish to test yourself. Complete
More informationAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PART I: SPINAL CORD
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PART I: SPINAL CORD How is the organization of the autonomic nervous system different from that of the somatic nervous system? Peripheral Nervous System Divisions Somatic Nervous
More informationSomatosensory System. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Somatosensory System Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Dr. Riedl s review session this week: Tuesday (Oct 10) 4-5pm in MCB 3-146B 2 Sensory Systems Sensory
More informationSpinal nerves and cervical plexus Prof. Abdulameer Al Nuaimi. E mail: a.al E. mail:
Spinal nerves and cervical plexus Prof. Abdulameer Al Nuaimi E mail: a.al nuaimi@sheffield.ac.uk E. mail: abdulameerh@yahoo.com Branches of ophthalmic artery Muscles of face A spinal nerve Spinal
More informationCHAPTER 15 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 15 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands. B. Operation of the ANS to maintain homeostasis,
More informationChapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline Module 14.1 Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (Figures 14.1 14.3) A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the involuntary arm of the peripheral
More informationINTRODUCTION: ANATOMY UNDERLYING CLINICAL TESTS OF CRANIAL NERVES
INTRODUCTION: ANATOMY UNDERLYING CLINICAL TESTS OF CRANIAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVE I - OLFACTORY I - OLFACTORY NERVE - SMELL TEST: SMELL ODORS (note: not ammonia; pain in nasal cavity CN5 DAMAGE: LOSS OF
More informationNervous and Endocrine System Exam Review
Directions: Read each question and complete the statement using the multiple choice responses I. Nervous System 1. The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 15 The Autonomic Nervous System Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems The somatic nervous system includes both sensory and motor
More informationSpinal nerves. Aygul Shafigullina. Department of Morphology and General Pathology
Spinal nerves Aygul Shafigullina Department of Morphology and General Pathology Spinal nerve a mixed nerve, formed in the vicinity of an intervertebral foramen, where fuse a dorsal root and a ventral root,
More informationNeural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
C h a p t e r 15 Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Copyright 2009 Pearson Education,
More informationFaculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery. Sem 4 Peripheral nervous system and nerve plexus Dr. Abbas Garib Alla
Faculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery Sem 4 Peripheral nervous system and nerve plexus Dr. Abbas Garib Alla PNS Terminology Ganglia neuron cell bodies Peripheral nerves neuronal axons PNS neuroglia Satellite
More informationCHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system.
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS OBJECTIVES: 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system. NERVOUS CENTRAL NERVOUS (BRAIN & SPINAL CORD) (INTERNEURONS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS (CRANIAL
More informationChap Senses. 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect.
Carl Christensen, PhD Chap. 17 - Senses Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect. 2. Classification of Sensory Receptors a. mechanoreceptors b. thermoreceptors
More information3/15/17. Outline. Nervous System - PNS and CNS. Two Parts of the Nervous System
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More informationNervous System - PNS and CNS. Bio 105
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More informationBIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended.
BIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended. 1. This figure depicts a typical neuron. What structures
More informationLab Activity 13. Spinal Cord. Portland Community College BI 232
Lab Activity 13 Spinal Cord Portland Community College BI 232 Definitions Tracts: collections of axons in CNS Nerves:collections of axons in PNS Ganglia: collections of neuron cell bodies in PNS Nucleus
More informationBrain Stem. Nervous System (Part A-3) Module 8 -Chapter 14
Nervous System (Part A-3) Module 8 -Chapter 14 Overview Susie Turner, M.D. 1/9/13 Cellular structure of the nervous system Neurons Neuroglia Nervous System Divisions Central nervous system Peripheral nervous
More informationHuman Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Spinal and Peripheral Nerves and Reflexes
Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Spinal and Peripheral Nerves and Reflexes 1 This lab involves the second section of the exercise Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and the Autonomic Nervous System,
More informationChapter 8 Nervous System
Chapter 8 Nervous System Two message centers: Functions of these systems: 1. * 2. * Overview of the Nervous System Parts: General Functions: Functions Sensory input: Sensation via nerves Integration: interpretation
More informationThe Peripheral Nervous
The Peripheral Nervous System Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The PNS is not as contained as the CNS because it is defined as everything that is not the CNS. Some peripheral structures are incorporated into the other
More informationNervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Unit 7b
Nervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Unit 7b Chetek High School Mrs. Michaelsen 9.12 Meninges A. Meninges 1. The organs of the CNS are covered by membranes a. The meninges are divided into 3 layers:
More informationThe Nervous System An overview
Nervous System The Nervous System An overview Includes Nerve tissue Sense organs Functions to Sense environment Process information it receives Respond to information 1 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education,
More informationThe Nervous System: Neural Tissue Pearson Education, Inc.
13 The Nervous System: Neural Tissue Introduction Nervous System Characteristics Controls and adjust the activity of the body Provides swift but brief responses The nervous system includes: Central Nervous
More informationSensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System. Chapter 15
Sensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System Chapter 15 How Does Brain Differentiate Sensations? Pain impulses make brain aware of injuries and infections. Impulses from eye, ear, nose and tongue make brain
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
!! www.clutchprep.com ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CONCEPT: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: DIVISIONS AND STRUCTURE The Autonomic Nervous System and its Divisions: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls
More informationCHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could
More informationBellringer: The central nervous system is comprised of: What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Brain. b.
Bellringer: The central is comprised of: a. Brain b. Spinal cord c. Sensory receptors d. Both a and b What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Arachnoid d. Pons
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM. Academic Resource Center. Forskellen mellem oscillator og krystal
NERVOUS SYSTEM Academic Resource Center Forskellen mellem oscillator og krystal Overview of the Nervous System Peripheral nervous system-pns cranial nerves spinal nerves ganglia peripheral nerves enteric
More informationInstructor s Review for Final Exams. The Nervous System
Instructor s Review for Final Exams The Nervous System Divisions of the Central Nervous System? Brain and spinal cord. Key word, central. Divisions of the nervous system Central and Peripheral Coverings
More informationOrganisation of the nervous system
Chapter1 Organisation of the nervous system 1. Subdivisions of the nervous system The nervous system is divided: i) Structurally The central nervous system (CNS) composed of the brain and spinal cord.
More informationBiology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Week 10; Lecture 1; Tuesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Cranial Nerves and Soft Tissues of the Skull
Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Week 10; Lecture 1; Tuesday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Cranial Nerves and Soft Tissues of the Skull FOREBRAIN MIDBRAIN HINDBRAIN Forebrain: Cerebrum Perception,
More informationUnit VIII Problem 3 Neuroanatomy: Brain Stem, Cranial Nerves and Scalp
Unit VIII Problem 3 Neuroanatomy: Brain Stem, Cranial Nerves and Scalp - Brain stem: It is connected to the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. Rostral end of brain stem: diencephalon is the area which
More informationThe Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal
More information