Gross Anatomy of the. TEMPORAL BONE, EXTERNAL EAR, and MIDDLE EAR. Assignment: Head to Toe Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

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1 Gross Anatomy the TEMPORAL BONE, EXTERNAL EAR, and MIDDLE EAR M1 Gross and Developmental Anatomy 9:00 AM, December 11, 2008 Dr. Milton M. Sholley Pressor Anatomy and Neurobiology Assignment: Head to Toe 2006 Concerning the material that I will present on the Temporal Bone and Ear, I would recommend that everyone work the following questions from Head to Toe 2006: #7, #10, #65, #88, #97, #100, #104, #118, #121, #157, and #164. By working the questions, I mean that you should read and understand the hints and explanations, even if you get a question correct on your first attempt. 2 Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Mandibular fossa -Part squamous temporal bone Disk Lateral View Temporal Bone in situ Fig. 7.3A, page Fig. 7.40A, page 664 Condyloid process (head) mandible 4 Fig. 7.46A, page 675 Petrosal Sinuses Inferior Superior Sigmoid sinus Mastoid process Plane (coronal) the cut through the temporal bone as seen on the next slide 5 Mastoid air cells within the mastoid process 6 Fig. 7.24B, page 642

2 Foramen ovale Inferior View Skull showing Temporal Bone (in dark pink) Carotid canal Petrous portion temporal bone Jugular foramen Foramen spinosum Spine sphenoid Mandibular fossa Petrotympanic fissure External auditory meatus Cartilagenous auditory tube Internal carotid artery entering carotid canal Jugular foramen Mastoid process Stylomastoid foramen 7 Inferior View 8 The Cartilagenous Auditory Tube Opens into the Nasopharynx (air can exchange between nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity) Opening auditory tube (Eustachian tube) Torus tubarius Tensor veli palatini muscle Hamulus Pterygomandibular raphe Cartilagenous auditory tube Levator veli palatini muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Nasopharynx (space above the st palate) St palate 9 Fig. 7.61, page Tensor veli palatini muscle Cartilagenous auditory tube Hamulus Palatoglossus muscle Levator veli palatini muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Buccinator muscle Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Pterygomandibular raphe 11 12

3 Superior View Cranial Fossae shows Petrous Part Temporal Bone Superior face petrous pyramid (also called anterior face) Posterior face petrous pyramid Hiatus facial canal Tegmen tympani Arcuate eminence 13 Fig. 7.6A, page Fig. 7.77A, page 714 Superior View Petrous Pyramid (drilled out) Internal auditory meatus Greater petrosal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Geniculate ganglion Tegmen tympani (before genu) (after genu) Middle ear cavity Hiatus facial canal Arcuate eminence Fig. 7.74, page Fig. 7.77A, page 714 Tegmen tympani Anterior (superior) semicircular canal raises arcuate eminence Arcuate eminence Hiatus facial canal 17 Grant s Atlas, Fig. 7.77A, page 714

4 Posterior View Petrous Parts Temporal Bones Structures seen on Posterior Face Petrous Pyramid Groove for inferior petrosal sinus Internal auditory meatus Groove for superior petrosal sinus Internal auditory meatus Groove for sigmoid sinus Fig. 7.4C, page 615 Posterior face petrous pyramid 19 Grant s Atlas, 11 Fig. 7.85B, page 706 Opening cochlear canaliculus Opening vestibular aqueduct Auricle Lateral view Cutaneous Innervation Auricle Scaphoid fossa Triangular fossa Tubercle Helix Crura antihelix Crus helix Antihelix Concha Concha (green area)- Auricular branch vagus (Arnold s nerve) Lateral surface blue area- Great auricular nerve Medial surface blue area- Great auricular nerve Antitragus Tragus Lateral surface red area- Auriculotemporal nerve Ear lobe 23 Fig. 7.68A, page 703 Syllabus, page 466, topic e Free medial surface red area- Lesser occipital nerve 24

5 Middle Ear Cavity Horizontal section Lateral External auditory meatus Tympanic membrane (Eardrum) (in facial canal) Stapes Middle ear cavity (Tympanic cavity) Auditory tube 25 Similar to: Grant s Atlas, th ed. Figure 7.72A, p. 707 Anterior External view Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) Middle Ear Cavity Horizontal section Pars flaccida Lateral process malleus (in facial canal) Posterior mallear fold Anterior mallear fold Handle malleus Posterior Anterior Lateral Middle ear cavity (Tympanic cavity) Pars tensa Umbo Cone light Tympanic membrane (Eardrum) Figure 7.71A, page 706 Inferior 27 Anterior Similar to: Grant s Atlas, th ed. Figure 7.72A, p. 707 Diagram Middle Ear Cavity Anterior wall removed Simplified Diagram Lateral Wall Middle Ear Cavity (Inside the cavity looking out) ROOF Tympanic membrane LATERAL WALL Stapes MEDIAL WALL Lesser petrosal nerve in facial canal Tympanic plexus FLOOR Tympanic nerve Figure 7.73A, page 708 beyond stylomastoid foramen 29 30

6 Tensor tympani Detailed Diagram Lateral Wall Middle Ear Cavity (Inside the cavity looking out) Attic Tegmen tympani Aditus ad antrum Lateral Wall Middle Ear Cavity (Inside the cavity looking out) Attic (or epitympanum) Tensor tympani muscle Bony auditory tube Tympanic canaliculus Mastoid air cells Bony auditory tube nerve Internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein Eardrum Figure 7.75D, page Epitympanic recess (attic) Medial Wall Middle Ear Cavity (Inside the cavity looking in) Tensor tympani muscle Greater petrosal nerve Stapes Vestibule Bony auditory Tendon tube stapedius muscle External auditory meatus Round window Stapes in Promontory and tympanic membrane Coronal section drawing 33 oval window cochlea 34 Parts the Bony Labyrinth (in inner ear) that form the Medial Wall the Middle Ear Tympanic Plexus is on the Medial Wall Middle Ear Horizontal or lateral semicircular canal Oval window (stapes fits here) Facial canal (for facial nerve) Tympanic plexus lies on the medial wall the middle ear (i.e. on the promontory) Posterior Anterior Jugular foramen Figure 7.75B, page 710 Carotid canal Figure 7.77C, page 714 Round window Promontory cochlea 35 Inferior tympanic canaliculus (tympanic nerve runs through it) Tympanic nerve (branch CN 36 IX)

7 Diagrammatic Review Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) Glossopharyngeal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Otic ganglion Parotid gland Superior View Petrous Pyramid (drilled out) Internal auditory meatus Greater petrosal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Geniculate ganglion Auriculotemporal nerve Tympanic nerve (branch glossopharyngeal) (before genu) (after genu) Middle ear cavity Page Fig. 7.74, page Diagrammatic Review Facial Nerve Review Facial Nerve page page End Part 1 Radiologic Anatomy Practice Questions Head and Neck 2008 Here are the practice questions. You can look up the answers in the Radiologic Anatomy Program. For confirmation the answers, come to Dr. Sholley s Review

8 A. Identify the black area indicated by the arrow. B. The bony structures yellow arrows are the. 43 A. Identify the black area indicated by the red arrow. B. Identify the bony structure red arrow. 44 A. The yellow arrows indicate the. A. The yellow arrows indicate the. B. Identify the black area red arrow. B. Identify the structure red arrow A. Identify the st tissue structure red arrow. B. The yellow arrow indicates the. 47