Vertigo. David Clark, DO Oregon Neurology Associates Springfield, OR
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1 Vertigo David Clark, DO Oregon Neurology Associates Springfield, OR
2 44F vertigo, nausea & vomiting Unidirectional Nystagmus
3 44F vertigo, nausea & vomiting Impaired VOR Gain to the right
4 Vertigo History Anatomy/Physiology Horses Zebras Acute management
5 The Dizzy Bubble Hypertension Sleep Disorder Gait imbalance Anemia Vertigo Hypo/hypergl ycemia Medication Effect Psychiatric Depression Anxiety Panic Orthostatic hypotension Patient may have difficulty articulating their experience clearly
6 History Tips Quality of symptom not very helpful Dizzy, Vertigo, Light headed Symptom duration helps narrow DDx Associated symptoms helpful Nausea Tinnitus Diplopia Focal neurologic deficits
7 Differential by Symptom Duration SSCC dehiscence Perilymphatic fistula BPPV** Migraine Ischemic (TIA,Stroke) Menieres Vestibular Neuritis Mass lesion Demyelinating Seconds Minutes Hours Days--Constant **BPPV may be perceived as lasting hours-days
8 Peripheral vs. Central
9 Pathophysiology of vestibular symptoms and signs: The clinical examination, DS Zee Neurology Continuum Aug 2006 pg 18 Tonic firing from each peripheral vestibular apparatus Tonic firing from each peripheral vestibular apparatus
10 Tonic firing from each peripheral vestibular apparatus Tonic firing from each peripheral vestibular apparatus Asymmetry of the tonic firing tells the brain there s movement
11 Lesion or overaction (BPPV) of the peripheral vestibular aparatus or its central connections creates asymmetry of tonic input and the sensation of movement
12 BPPV ~3% population Vertigo lasts seconds to minutes Provoked by head rotation Roll over in bed Look over shoulder Nausea/Vomiting 85-90% Queasy for hours in between
13 Dix Hallpike Semin Neurol. 2009;29(5):
14 Dix- Hallpike and Epley (Steps 1-5) Diagnosis and treatment for Right Posterior Canal BPPV Semin Neurol. 2009;29(5):
15 Epley Video
16 Semont For Right posterior canal BPPV Semin Neurol. 2009;29(5):
17 BPPV No central mimics of DH nystagmus Surgery Avoid chronic vestibular suppressants
18 Vestibular Neuritis Unidirectional nystagmus VOR Gain Steroids and antivirals Neurology 2011;76;e71 VOR Gain
19 Vestibular Nystagmus
20 Vestibular neuritis Slow Phase
21 Menieres Vertigo lasting minutes to hours Unilateral aural fullness and tinnitus Over time, low frequency sensorineural hearing loss Treat: diuretics, +/- steroids Intractable: intratympanic gentamycin, surgery
22 Migrainous Vertigo, ~1% population 1. History of Migraine 2. 1 migraine symptom during 2 episodes of vertigo 1. HA 2. Photophobia 3. Phonophobia 4. Visual aura 3. No better explanation for vertigo 4. Treat migraine
23 MS Diplopia and vertigo
24 Lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
25 Visually mediated dizziness Post concussive Migraine Prior vertigo
26 Vestibular Schanomma
27 Superior semicircular canal dehiscence Valsalva induced vertigo
28 Perilymphatic fistula NEJM 366;4 Perilymphatic fistula Test Can also see Tulio phenomenon
29 Vertebral artery dissection and cerebellar infarct
30 Bilateral Vestibular Loss Etiologies Aminoglycosides Irradiation Paraneoplastic Idiopathic B/L VOR gain Dynamic Visual Acuity Can t read and walk No vertigo if symmetric Static acuity 20/20 Dynamic acuity 20/100
31 Bilateral Vestibular Loss CANVAS Cerebellar ataxia Neuropathy Vestibular areflexia
32 Visual dizziness
33 Tardive dizziness following lesion to Mollaret s Triangle Dentate Red Nucleus Inferior Olive
34 Distinguishing central from peripheral
35 Peripheral Head impulse test: Abnormal Unidirectional nystagmus No vertical misalignment Central Head Impulse test: Normal Alternating nystgmus Skew deviation Skew video
36 Take home Historical keys Exam tools Dix-Hallpike Head impulse test Perilymphatic fistula test Valsalva Epley Differentiating central from peripheral vertigo in the acute setting
37 Questions
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