Chiari III Joseph Junewick, MD FACR

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1 Chiari III Joseph Junewick, MD FACR 07/02/2010 History Newborn with suboccipital mass. Diagnosis Chiari III Additional Clinical Surgery-Skin covered suboccipital cystic mass confined by the dura. Pathology-Leptomeningeal tissue with few nodular neuroglial elements. Discussion Chiari III malformation is an extremely rare anomaly. The pathogenesis of malformation is not clear, however, underdistension of the embryonic ventricular system secondary to the abnormal neurulation might result in a hypoplastic posterior fossa and consequently in the caudal displacement of brain stem and cerebellum in Chiari malformations. The low occipital or skull base osseous defects and associated cephaloceles probably develop due to the failure of induction of enchondral bone by incomplete closure of neural tube, or due to the failure of ossification centers to fuse completely in Chiari III malformations. Patients with Chiari III malformation most commonly present with a cystic mass of low occipital and/or high cervical location. The infants suffer from hydrocephalus, frequently associated with the evidence of increased intracranial pressure, within the first few months of life. The clinical findings related to the compression of cerebellum, brain stem and lower cranial nerves. The prognosis of patients is usually poor. Chiari III malformation is characterized by the hermiation of posterior fossa contents through a low occipital or upper cervical osseous defect. Upper cervical vertebrae show an incomplete fusion of posterior arches, most commonly at the level of C1 vertebra. The patients with Chiari III malformation will also show imaging findings related to Chiari II malformation. Findings MR-Sagittal T1 and axial and coronal T2 images demonstrate occipitocervical meningocele with dysrhaphism. Note cervicomedullary kink, tectal beak, cerebellar hypoplasia, callosal dysgenesis and ventricular dysmorphism. Reference Cakirer S. Chiari III malformation: Varieties of MRI appearances in two patients. Clinical Imaging (2003); 27(1):1-4.

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