Skull-2. Norma Basalis Interna. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Histology
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1 Skull-2 Norma Basalis Interna Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Histology
2
3 Norma basalis interna Base of the skull- superior view The interior of the base of the skull is divided into three cranial fossae Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa
4
5 Frontal lobe 5
6 Parietal lobe 6
7 Occipital lobe 7
8 Temporal lobe 8
9 Cerebellum
10 Midbrain
11 Pons 11
12 Medulla oblongata
13 Anterior cranial fossa Contains frontal lobes
14 Middle cranial fossa Contains temporal lobes
15 Posterior cranial fossa Contains the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata) and cerebellum
16 Anterior cranial fossa Formed by: 1- Frontal bone in the anterior and lateral direction 2- Ethmoid bone in the midline 3-Two parts of the sphenoid bone posteriorly, the body (midline) and the lesser wings (laterally) Orbital plates of the frontal bone are thin plates of frontal bone, form the roof of the orbit below Frontal crest is a small wedge-shaped midline crest projects from frontal bone Crista galli is a sharp upward projection of the ethmoid bone in the midline Cribriform plate of the ethmoid is a sieve-like structure lateral to crista galli Note the anterior cranial fossa is above the nasal cavity and the orbits
17 Frontal bone
18 Orbital plates of frontal bone
19 Frontal crest
20 Ethmoid bone
21 Crista galli Latin: Crest of the rooster
22 Cribriform plate of ethmoid The small perforations in the cribriform plate are for the olfactory nerves.
23 The small perforations in the cribriform plate are for the olfactory nerves. Foramen caecum
24 Lesser wing of sphenoid
25 Anterior clinoid process The medial end of the lesser wing of the sphenoid forms the anterior clinoid process Note: Medial to Anterior clinoid process: Optic canal Lateral to Anterior clinoid process: Superior orbital fissure
26 Part of the body of Sphenoid bone
27 Middle cranial fossa Formed by: - Body of sphenoid - Greater wing of the sphenoid - Squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone Bounded by Anteriorly: the lesser wings of the sphenoid Posteriorly: the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones
28 Greater wing of the sphenoid Body of sphenoid
29 Squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone Squamous part Petrous part
30 Resembles a bat having a centrally placed body with greater and lesser wings that are outstretched on each side The superior orbital fissure is a slitlike opening between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid The body of the sphenoid: contains the sphenoid air sinuses Sphenoid bone
31 Body of Sphenoid bone
32 Lesser wing of Sphenoid bone
33 Greater wing of Sphenoid bone
34 Pterygoid plates of Sphenoid bone
35 Sphenoid bone
36 Body of Sphenoid bone
37 Greater wing of Sphenoid bone
38 Lesser wing of Sphenoid bone
39 Pterygoid plates
40 Foramen rotundum: situated behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure. Transmits the maxillary nerve Foramen ovale: lies posterolateral to the foramen rotundum transmits the mandibular nerve Foramen spinosum (small) lies posterolateral to the foramen ovale. Transmits the middle meningeal artery Foramen lacerum lies between the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone. In life is filled by cartilage and fibrous tissue, and only small blood vessels pass through this tissue Carotid canal: Transmits the internal carotid artery Meckl s cave: impression on the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone for the trigeminal ganglion
41 Foramen rotundum
42 Foramen ovale To assist in memorizing the structures passing through the foramen ovale MALE M: Mandibular nerve A: Accessory meningeal artery L: Lesser petrosal nerve E: Emissary vein
43 Foramen spinosum
44 Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Mandibular nerve Trigeminal ganglion
45 Foramen lacerum
46 Meckl s cave (Trigeminal impression)
47 Trigeminal ganglion
48 Carotid canal
49 The median part of the middle cranial fossa is formed by the body of the sphenoid bone In front of it is the Sulcus chiasmaticus which is related to the optic chiasma and leads laterally to the Optic canal Posterior to the sulcus is an elevation, the Tuberculum sellae On the superior aspect of the body is a depression called the Sella turcica which contain the pituitary gland The sella turcica is bounded posteriorly by a square plate of bone called the Dorsum sellae The superior angles of the dorsum sellae have two tubercles called the Posterior clinoid processes
50 Sulcus chiasmaticus (chiasmatic groove) Is the groove between the optic canals
51 Tuberculum sellae
52 Sella turcica Turkish saddle
53 Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid processes
54 Tuberculum sellae Dorsum sellae The sella turcica which CONTAINS THE PITUITARY GLAND
55 PITUITARY GLAND
56 Optic canals
57 Optic canal transmits the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery Ophthalmic artery is a branch from internal carotid artery
58 Posterior cranial fossa Formed mostly by parts of temporal and occipital bones
59 The foramen magnum transmits 1- Medulla oblongata and its surrounding meninges 2- Spinal roots of the accessory nerves 3- Two vertebral arteries. The hypoglossal canal is situated above the anterolateral boundary of the foramen magnum and transmits the hypoglossal nerve.
60 The jugular foramen lies between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. It transmits the following structures Anterior part: the inferior petrosal sinus Middle part: the 9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves Posterior part: the large sigmoid sinus. The sigmoid sinus turns down through the foramen to become the internal jugular vein. The internal acoustic meatus (on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone): transmits the vestibulocochlear nerve and the facial nerve. The internal occipital crest runs upward in the midline posteriorly from the foramen magnum to the internal occipital protuberance
61 Occipital bone
62 Foramen magnum
63 Clivus is the sloping midline surface of the occipital bone anterior to the foramen magnum
64 Hypoglossal canal
65 Internal acoustic meatus Transmits the vestibulocochlear nerve and the facial nerve.
66 Jugular foramen
67 Internal occipital crest
68 Internal occipital protuberance
69 Cerebellar fossa
70 Ethmoid bone Delicate bone located between the two orbits
71 Ethmoid bone Cribriform plate Orbital plate Perpendicular plate Crista galli
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