Dr Jo-Anne Pon. Dr Sean Every. 8:30-9:25 WS #70: Eye Essentials for GPs 9:35-10:30 WS #80: Eye Essentials for GPs (Repeated)

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1 Dr Sean Every Ophthalmologist Southern Eye Specialists Christchurch Dr Jo-Anne Pon Ophthalmologist Southern Eye Specialists, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8:30-9:25 WS #70: Eye Essentials for GPs 9:35-10:30 WS #80: Eye Essentials for GPs (Repeated)

2 Eye Essentials for GPs Diagnose important red eye conditions with confidence

3 Red Eyes Trauma Chemical injury Penetrating injury Corneal abrasion Foreign body Closed angle glaucoma Uveitis Conjunctivitis Allergies External hordeolum (stye) Dry eyes / blepharitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Pterygium, pingueculum Episcleritis Keratitis Herpes Bacterial Contact lens related Scleritis

4 Name 4 Red Flag Symptoms

5 Red Flag Symptoms Significant Pain Reduced vision Severe photophobia Unilateral Previous history Iritis Herpes keratitis Previous / recent eye surgery Trauma

6 Chemical Injury True ophthalmic emergency IMMEDIATE washout (Alkali chemicals penetrate in <1 minute) Prolonged washout No litmus paper, irrigate for 20min Get under upper lid Topical Local Anaesthetic Limbal ischaemia poor prognosis i.e. eye not red Conjunctival chemosis (oedema)

7 What is the diagnosis? Cornea? Iris detail? Vision? Pain? Pupil fixed What to do next? Ballot the eye Slit-lamp beam

8 Clues

9 Angle Closure Glaucoma (ACG) Pain severe, headache Vision reduced +++ Haloes around lights Marked photophobia Unilateral Nausea and vomiting Marked red eye, ciliary Cornea hazy Iris detail obscured Pupil fixed, mid dilated Eye feels firm

10 Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

11 Mechanism of glaucoma

12

13 Peripheral Iridotomy

14 Drugs that precipitate ACG in predisposed patients Dilating drops Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI Antihistamines Antiparkinsonian drugs Antipsychotic medications Antispasmolytic agents Who at risk? Older Asian High plus prescription (hypermetrope)

15 Glaucoma Most commonly open angle GPs cannot diagnose OAG Asymptomatic Can even have good visual acuity Don t falsely reassure your patients Optometrist or ophthalmologist Measure IOP Visual field test Examine Optic Nerve Monitor progression

16 What is the diagnosis? 1. 2.

17 Multiple choice: A. Iritis B. Subconjunctival haemorrhage C. Scleritis D. Episcleritis 1. 2.

18 1. Iritis 2. Subconjunctival haemorrhage Circumcorneal injection, ciliary injection Pupil not round posterior synechiae

19 Signs of iritis (anterior uveitis) Posterior synechiae Hypopyon

20 Hyphaema - Trauma Hypopyon - Inflammation - infection

21 Iritis / uveitis Unilateral or bilateral Pain variable Mild to severe Ache with focusing on near target (ciliary muscle inflammed) Won t settle with topical local anaesthetic Pupil sluggish and irregular Cornea clear or light haze Systemic inflammatory condition E.g. Ulcerative colitis Previous history Recurrent episodes HLA B27 Red eye ciliary pattern

22

23 What is the diagnosis? 2 1 3

24 What is the diagnosis? 1. HSK 1. HSK Non specific punctate staining A few linear lesions 3. Corneal abrasion? Not 3. HSK

25 Herpes Simplex Keratitis (HSK) 1. HSK 1. HSK Non specific punctate staining A few linear lesions 3. Corneal abrasion? Not 3. HSK Dendritic lesion typical Masquerader Fluorescein and cobalt blue light Disciform (stromal keratitis) Uveitis No fluorescein staining

26 Herpes Simplex Keratitis Pain (or not as much as expect affects corneal innervation) Red eye Photophobia Vision affected unless peripheral lesion Recurrent episodes, even years apart Treatment Oc acyclovir (gancyclovir) Vision threatening complications Scar Thinning of cornea

27 What is the diagnosis? 1. 2.

28 Keratitis ulcers, infiltrates - Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, Acanthamoeba - Contact lenses wearer - Poor eye closure 1. 2.

29 What is the diagnosis? Corneal rust ring Corneal abrasion Penetrating Eye Injury?? red eye may be mild

30 What is the diagnosis? Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Refer which HZO patients? Clinical sign to help you decide?

31 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Hutchinson s sign vesicles at the tip of the nose (nasociliary nerve that supplies cornea) 1/3 without this can have ocular complications Conjunctivitis, Non-specific keratitis Common Self-limiting Acyclovir 800mg 5 times per day

32 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Sight-threatening complications Corneal stromal inflammation Uveitis More common 1-2 weeks after onset of vesicular rash Helpful clinical signs: Reduced vision Corneal epithelial defect Vesicles at tip of nose

33 Giant Cell Arteritis Sudden or transient loss of vision Diplopia Usually >60yrs Suspicious Treat 1mg per kg 60mg + New onset headache Scalp tenderness Jaw claudication PMR symptoms Constitutional symptoms Unexplained weight loss Loss of appetite Fevers, night sweats

34 Red Eye Red Flag Symptoms Vision deterioration Severe pain Severe photophobia Unilateral History Observations of clinical signs

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