ECG Interactive Session

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1 SA HEART 2018 PRE-CONGRESS WORKSHOP 4 OCTOBER 2018 ECG Interactive Session Ashley Chin Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist University of Cape Town Groote Schuur Hospital

2 ECG 1

3 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a) Mobitz I AV block b) Mobitz II AV block c) 2:1 AV block d) Complete heart block

4 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a) Mobitz I AV block b) Mobitz II AV block c) 2:1 AV bloc d) Complete heart block 3 criteria to diagnose CHB 1. P>QRS complexes 2. Escape rhythm = regular 3. No relationship between P and QRS complexes

5 Complete heart block is a medical emergency and patients should be referred for urgent pacing Mechanisms of death with CHB: 1. Pause-dependent Torsades de Pointes 2. Asystole (ventricular escape rhythm fails)

6 ECG 2

7 You are called to the casualty department for a request for urgent pacing. What is the diagnosis? a) Complete heart bock b) Mobitz I AV block c) Mobitz II AV block d) Sinus node dysfunction with isorhythmic AV dissociation

8 You are called to the casualty department for a request for urgent pacing. What is the diagnosis? a) Complete heart bock b) Mobitz I AV block c) Mobitz II AV block d) Sinus node dysfunction with isorthythmic AV dissociation 3 criteria to diagnose CHB 1. P>QRS complexes (NO) 2. Escape rhythm = regular (YES) 3. No relationship between P and QRS complexes (YES) AV dissociation is present, but no P wave that should have conducted, does not conduct

9 ECG 3

10 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. 2:1 AV block with RBBB and LAHB b. 1 st degree AV block with RBBB and LAHB c. Trifascicular block d. Mobitz II AV block

11 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. 2:1 AV block with RBBB and LAHB b. 1 st degree AV block with RBBB and LAHB c. Trifascicular block d. Mobitz II AV block

12 Non-conducted P waves very easily missed! Look for non-conducted P waves in any bradycardia especially if QRS is wide Look for high frequency deflection in the T wave

13 ECG 4

14 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Typical atrial flutter b. Sinus tachycardia c. AV nodal re-entry tachycardia d. Atrial tachycardia

15 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. b. c. d. Typical atrial flutter Sinus tachycardia AV nodal re-entry tachycardia Atrial tachycardia

16 Typical Atrial flutter =>>counter clockwise cavotricuspid isthmus dependent flutter Flutter waves ( bpm) 2:1 AV block (usually 150bpm) Negative flutter waves II, III, AVF Positive flutter waves in V1 NEJM 2012;367;1438

17 TACHYARRHYTHMIAS Regular Narrow QRS Narrow QRS Irregular Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter AVJRT (AVNRT, AVRT) Atrial tachycardia Junctional ectopic tachycardia Atrial Fibrillation Atrial flutter/tachy + variable AVB Multifocal atrial tachycardia VT SVT with BBB Paced rhythm Antidromic AVRT Pre-excited SVT AF with BBB A flutter, variable AVB + BBB Preexcited AF Polymorphic VT Regular W I D E QRS W I D E QRS Irregular

18 Flutter waves may be hidden in the QRS complexes and may be difficult to see Suspect if wavy baseline suggesting continuous atrial activity Suspect in patients with structural heart disease especially with ventricular rates (120bpm- 180bpm)

19 Carotid massage unmasks flutter waves by inducing AV block

20 ECG 5

21 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Ventricular tachycardia b. Supraventricular tachycardia with RBBB c. Pacemaker tachycardia d. Pre-excited tachycardia

22 RBBB Typical patterns of right & left bundle branch block LBBB V1 rsr in V1 Broad terminal R in V1 V1 & V2 negative V5 & V6 positive Initial sharp deflection V1 & V2 (< 40 ms) V6 V6 Normal left ventricular activation (septal q, rapid R upstroke in V6) Slurred R wave Absent septal q wave Small, broad terminal s in V6 Inverted T wave AO MEMORIAL ADVANCED ECG & ARRHYTHMIA COURSE

23 RBBB V1 V6 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Ventricular tachycardia b. Supraventricular tachycardia with RBBB c. Pacemaker tachycardia d. Pre-excited tachycardia

24 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Ventricular tachycardia b. Atrial flutter 2:1 with RBBB c. Pacemaker tachycardia d. Pre-excited tachycardia

25 Note sinus rhythm ECG with RBBB, but remember that BBB can be rate related

26 ECG 6

27 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Ventricular fibrillation b. Torsade de Pointes c. Pre-excited atrial fibrillation d. Artefact

28 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. b. c. d. Ventricular fibrillation Torsade de Pointes Pre-excited atrial fibrillation Artefact

29 Normal calibration = 10mm/mV Very large voltages = artefact

30 DONALD J TRUMP

31 Ventricular fibrillation

32 Acute Anterior/Septal STEMI

33 Non-sustained polymorphic VT

34 ECG 7

35 Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Acute antero-septal myocardial infarction b. Brugada pattern c. Early repolarization syndrome d. Acute pulmonary embolism

36 Acute STEMI Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Acute antero-septal myocardial infarction b. Brugada pattern c. Early repolarization syndrome d. Acute pulmonary embolism

37 ECG 8

38 BLOEMFONTEIN ECG COURSE Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Atrial fibrillation with RBBB b. Pre-excited atrial fibrillation c. Atrial flutter with variable block with RBBB d. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

39 BLOEMFONTEIN ECG COURSE Which ONE of the following is the best ECG diagnosis? a. Atrial fibrillation with RBBB b. Pre-excited atrial fibrillation c. Atrial flutter with variable block with RBBB d. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

40 BLOEMFONTEIN ECG COURSE What is the next step in management? a. DC cardioversion b. IVI amiodarone c. IVI adenosine d. IVI verapamil

41 BLOEMFONTEIN ECG COURSE What is the next step in management? a. DC cardioversion b. IVI amiodarone c. IVI adenosine d. IVI verapamil

42 SA Heart Journal Quarterly ECG Quizes

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