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1 V.O.D How does the heart work? Learning Intentions I can explain the steps in the cardiac cycle including diastole and systole stages. I know the parts of the heart involved in the regulation of the heartbeat I can read an image created by an electrocardiogram 1

2 2

3 Learning Activity: Can you hear the lubb- DUBB 1. Use an alcohol towelette to clean the earpieces of the stethoscope. 2. Place the stethoscope on your chest and listen for your heartbeat. You do not have to place the stethoscope directly on the skin to hear your heartbeat. 3. Perform moderate exercise, such as walking or stepping in place, for 1 min to 2 min. Listen to your heart again. Record your observations. 4. Describe how the heart sounds are different after exercise. Why is the stethoscope an important tool? 3

4 Regulation of Heartbeat Intrinsic Control of Heart Activity: Cardiac Conduction System Spontaneous rhythmicity: special heart cells generate and spread electrical signal Sinoatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) node AV bundle (bundle of His) Purkinje fibers Electrical signal spreads via gap junctions Intrinsic heart rate (HR): 100 beats/min Observed in heart transplant patients (no neural innervation) 4

5 Intrinsic Control of Heart Activity: Cardiac Conduction System SA node: initiates contraction signal Pacemaker cells in upper posterior RA wall Signal spreads from SA node via RA/LA to AV node Stimulates RA, LA contraction AV node: delays, relays signal to ventricles In RA wall near center of heart Delay allows RA, LA to contract before RV, LV Relays signal to AV bundle after delay Intrinsic Control of Heart Activity: Cardiac Conduction System AV bundle: relays signal to RV, LV Travels along interventricular septum Divides into right and left bundle branches Sends signal toward apex of heart Purkinje fibers: send signal into RV, LV Terminal branches of right and left bundle branches Spread throughout entire ventricle wall Stimulate RV, LV contraction 5

6 Extrinsic Control of Heartbeat Extrinsic Control of Heart Activity: Parasympathetic Nervous System Reaches heart via vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) Carries impulses to SA, AV nodes Releases acetylcholine, hyperpolarizes cells Decreases HR, force of contraction Decreases HR below intrinsic HR Intrinsic HR: 100 beats/min Normal resting HR (RHR): 60 to 100 beats/min Elite endurance athlete: 35 beats/min 6

7 Extrinsic Control of Heart Activity: Sympathetic Nervous System Opposite effects of parasympathetic Carries impulses to SA, AV nodes Releases norepinephrine, facilitates depolarization Increases HR, force of contraction Endocrine system can have similar effect (epinephrine, norepinephrine) Increases HR above intrinsic HR Determines HR during physical, emotional stress Maximum possible HR: 250 beats/min Observing the Heartbeat: Electrocardiograph 7

8 Drawing Assignment Structure of the Heart Draw 3 images of the heart to demonstrate your understanding of the anatomy. Refer to learning intentions for structures to label. - Cross Section Image 1 - Transverse Section Image 2 - Frontal Image 3 When you finish your drawings create a video describing the form and function, and upload to your freshgrade portfolio. In your video your goal is to demonstrate your understanding of form and functions of the structures of the heart. Use these images and the class model to help you: -pyy90/present?slide=id.i5 8

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