The circulatory system

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The circulatory system"

Transcription

1 Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) 1 הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדת לב) Adi Mizrahi mizrahia@cc.huji.ac.il Textbook Chapter 12 2 The circulatory system To the heart Away from the heart 3 L 2.5 L ~ 70 Beats/min (24/7) Within reach of almost every cell in the body ~5.5 Liter THE SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION 3 או... 1

2 4 Hemodynamics - Pressure, Flow, and Resistance 5 F = flow P R R= 8L r 4 Blood flows from regions of high pressure to low pressure Resistance and flow 6 F = P R R= 8L r 4 2

3 THE HEART 7 THE HEART 8 THE HEART 9 3

4 10 THE CARDIAC CYCLE 11 Systole Diastole Mid/late-diastole THE CARDIAC CYCLE 1= Ventricular filling 2= Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3= ventricular ejection 4= Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 4

5 Early Systole 1= Ventricular filling 2= Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3= ventricular ejection 4= Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Systole 1= Ventricular filling 2= Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3= ventricular ejection 4= Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Early Diastole 1= Ventricular filling 2= Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3= ventricular ejection 4= Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Stroke volume 5

6 HEART SOUNDS 16 AV Aorta-V valve Sounds: valve Where / who? 17 Cardiac Output = HR X SV Liters/min beats/min Liters/beat Resting Well trained athlete 18 5 lit/min 35 lit/min Cardiac Output = HR X SV 6

7 19 The inherent (autonomous) rhythm of the heart s pacemaker is ~100 beats/min Which is under neuronal and hormonal control Sympathetic stimulation Parasympathetic stimulation So why does our heart beat at 70 beats/min? Autonomic nervous system 20 The inherent (autonomous) rhythm of the heart s pacemaker is ~100 beats/min Sympathetic stimulation Parasympathetic stimulation Only 70 because under normal conditions parasympathetic rules 21 The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart! 7

8 22 23 Epinephrine acts on beta-adrenergic receptors of the SA node to accelerate heart rate Epinephrine HR 24 8

9 25 Stroke volume is affected by: 1. End diastolic volume (preload). 2. Sympathetic input to the ventricles. 3. Afterload. END DIASTOLIC VOLUME (PRELOAD) 26 Stroke volume Skeletal muscle Heart muscle Starling s law of the heart The higher the end diastolic volume The stronger is the contraction THE SYMPATHETIC NERVES (and epinephrine) 27 Stroke volume Epinephrine and norepinephrine change the contractility of the heart s muscle Ejection fraction= SV/EDV Independent of the end diastolic volume!!! 9

10 THE SYMPATHETIC NERVES (and epinephrine) 28 Stroke volume Epinephrine and norepinephrine shorten the duration of cardiac cycle 29 Stroke volume is affected by: 1. End diastolic volume (preload). 2. Sympathetic input to the ventricles. 3. Afterload. לסיכום Cardiac output 10

11 Pressure in the vessels 31 Blood vessels are structurally and functionally different 32 Pressure Size Resistance arteries low arterioles high veins low Number Composition Endothelium - common Smooth muscle Connective tissue variable ARTERIES They have thick walls and lots of elastic tissue. Large diameter (low resistance). Act as blood reservoir for maintaining flow

12 ARTERIES Blood pressure in a vessel is determined by: Volume of blood Compliance ( stretchability ) Compliance = volume / pressure 34 ARTERIES Input does not equal output (that s why arteries stretch during systole ) Output exceeds input (that s why arteries relax during diastole) הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדה ( ARTERIES Pulse Pressure is determined by: SV, speed of SV ejection and contractility of the artery PP Pulse Pressure (PP) = P sys P dia Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = P dia + 1/3 (PP) 36 12

13 ARTERIOLES Determine the relative blood flow into organs Main factor in determining the MAP 37 ARTERIOLES Determine the relative blood flow into organs The arterioles diameters determine the flow into the organs (by changing their resistance) flow F = P R 38 ARTERIOLES Determine MAP MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) CO = X (Cardiac Output) TPR (Total Peripheral resistance) 39 13

14 הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדה ( ARTERIOLES Determine MAP When things are calm Inflow = outflow But when priorities change הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדה ( ARTERIOLES P F = R Determine MAP 41 הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדה ( ARTERIOLES Determine MAP P F = R TPR a TPR b TPR a =TPR b =1/r 1 +1/r 2 +1/r 3 +1/r 4 +1/r 5 14

15 הלב עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדה ( ARTERIOLES Determine MAP F = P R P = F X R MAP = CO X TPR 43 MAP = CO X TPR??? = CO X??? equal??? = CO X??? 44 15

Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) 1. Adi Mizrahi Textbook Chapter 12

Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) 1. Adi Mizrahi Textbook Chapter 12 Introduction to Physiology (Course # 72336) 1 עקרונות בסיסיים (הכנה למעבדת לב) הלב Adi Mizrahi mizrahia@cc.huji.ac.il Textbook Chapter 12 2 The circulatory system To the heart Away from the heart 3 L 2.5

More information

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy s The Human Body in Health and Illness 5 th edition

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy s The Human Body in Health and Illness 5 th edition TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy s The Human Body in Health and Illness 5 th edition Chapter 17 Function of the Heart Lesson 17.1 Function of the Heart 1. Define cardiac cycle with respect to systole

More information

Chapter 13 The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

Chapter 13 The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function Chapter 13 The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function Overview of the Cardiovascular System The Path of Blood Flow through the Heart and Vasculature Anatomy of the Heart Electrical Activity of the Heart

More information

Principles of Biomedical Systems & Devices. Lecture 8: Cardiovascular Dynamics Dr. Maria Tahamont

Principles of Biomedical Systems & Devices. Lecture 8: Cardiovascular Dynamics Dr. Maria Tahamont Principles of Biomedical Systems & Devices Lecture 8: Cardiovascular Dynamics Dr. Maria Tahamont Review of Cardiac Anatomy Four chambers Two atria-receive blood from the vena cave and pulmonary veins Two

More information

Chapter 9, Part 2. Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise

Chapter 9, Part 2. Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise Chapter 9, Part 2 Cardiocirculatory Adjustments to Exercise Electrical Activity of the Heart Contraction of the heart depends on electrical stimulation of the myocardium Impulse is initiated in the right

More information

Heart Pump and Cardiac Cycle. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD

Heart Pump and Cardiac Cycle. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD Heart Pump and Cardiac Cycle Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD 1 Objectives To understand the volume, mechanical, pressure and electrical changes during the cardiac cycle To understand the inter-relationship

More information

BIOL 219 Spring Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System

BIOL 219 Spring Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System 1 BIOL 219 Spring 2013 Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System Outline: Components of the CV system Heart anatomy Layers of the heart wall Pericardium Heart chambers, valves, blood vessels, septum Atrioventricular

More information

Cardiovascular Physiology. Heart Physiology. Introduction. The heart. Electrophysiology of the heart

Cardiovascular Physiology. Heart Physiology. Introduction. The heart. Electrophysiology of the heart Cardiovascular Physiology Heart Physiology Introduction The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and two vascular systems, the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The heart pumps blood through

More information

Circulation: Chapter 25. Cardiac Output. The Mammalian Heart Fig Right side of the heart

Circulation: Chapter 25. Cardiac Output. The Mammalian Heart Fig Right side of the heart Circulation: Chapter 25 1. Limits of Diffusion A. Small organisms use diffusion B. rapid over small distances 2. Most animals have circulatory systems A. Blood B. Pump (Heart) or propulsive structures

More information

During exercise the heart rate is 190 bpm and the stroke volume is 115 ml/beat. What is the cardiac output?

During exercise the heart rate is 190 bpm and the stroke volume is 115 ml/beat. What is the cardiac output? The Cardiovascular System Part III: Heart Outline of class lecture After studying part I of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Be able to calculate cardiac output (CO) be able to define heart rate

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System The Cardiovascular System A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body The function of

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Slides 11.1 11.19 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook The Cardiovascular System

More information

*Generating blood pressure *Routing blood: separates. *Ensuring one-way blood. *Regulating blood supply *Changes in contraction

*Generating blood pressure *Routing blood: separates. *Ensuring one-way blood. *Regulating blood supply *Changes in contraction *Generating blood pressure *Routing blood: separates pulmonary and systemic circulations *Ensuring one-way blood flow: valves *Regulating blood supply *Changes in contraction rate and force match blood

More information

Circulation. Sinoatrial (SA) Node. Atrioventricular (AV) Node. Cardiac Conduction System. Cardiac Conduction System. Linked to the nervous system

Circulation. Sinoatrial (SA) Node. Atrioventricular (AV) Node. Cardiac Conduction System. Cardiac Conduction System. Linked to the nervous system Circulation Cardiac Conduction System AHS A H S Your body resembles a large roadmap. There are routes or arteries that take you downtown to the heart of the city and veins that take you to the outskirts

More information

(D) (E) (F) 6. The extrasystolic beat would produce (A) increased pulse pressure because contractility. is increased. increased

(D) (E) (F) 6. The extrasystolic beat would produce (A) increased pulse pressure because contractility. is increased. increased Review Test 1. A 53-year-old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 5% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery? Decrease to 1 2 Decrease

More information

IP: Regulation of Cardiac Output

IP: Regulation of Cardiac Output ANP 1105D Winter 2013 Assignment 9: The Heart, part 2: Chap... Assignment 9: The Heart, part 2: Chapter 18 Signed in as Alex Sokolowski Help Close Resources Due: 11:59pm on Monday, March 25, 2013 Note:

More information

Electrical Conduction

Electrical Conduction Sinoatrial (SA) node Electrical Conduction Sets the pace of the heartbeat at 70 bpm AV node (50 bpm) and Purkinje fibers (25 40 bpm) can act as pacemakers under some conditions Internodal pathway from

More information

Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system BIO 301 Human Physiology Cardiovascular system The Cardiovascular System: consists of the heart plus all the blood vessels transports blood to all parts of the body in two 'circulations': pulmonary (lungs)

More information

Major Function of the Cardiovascular System. Transportation. Structures of the Cardiovascular System. Heart - muscular pump

Major Function of the Cardiovascular System. Transportation. Structures of the Cardiovascular System. Heart - muscular pump Structures of the Cardiovascular System Heart - muscular pump Blood vessels - network of tubes Blood - liquid transport vehicle brachiocephalic trunk superior vena cava right pulmonary arteries right pulmonary

More information

d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology

d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology What can your remember about the heart and blood vessels? What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system,

More information

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1

BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 Terms you should understand: hemorrhage, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, anoxia, myocardial contractility, residual

More information

Cardiac Output. Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com ( Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (

Cardiac Output. Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (  Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co ( Interactive Physiology Cardiac Output Graphics are used with permission of: adam.com (http://www.adam.com/) Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co (http://www.aw.com/bc) Page 1. Introduction Cardiac output is

More information

SIKLUS JANTUNG. Rahmatina B. Herman

SIKLUS JANTUNG. Rahmatina B. Herman SIKLUS JANTUNG Rahmatina B. Herman The Cardiac Cycle Definition: The cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next The cardiac cycle consists of: - Diastole

More information

Lecture 13: The Cardiovascular System ref: Cardiovascular Physiology, D. Mohrman and L. Heller, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill (1997)

Lecture 13: The Cardiovascular System ref: Cardiovascular Physiology, D. Mohrman and L. Heller, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill (1997) Lecture 13: The Cardiovascular System ref: Cardiovascular Physiology, D. Mohrman and L. Heller, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill (1997) Blood Heart Blood Vessels Arteries - capillaries - Veins Ventilation-Perfusion

More information

Circulation. Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications. Venous Return. Arterial flow. Regulation of Cardiac Output.

Circulation. Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications. Venous Return. Arterial flow. Regulation of Cardiac Output. Circulation Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications Two systems Pulmonary (low pressure) Systemic (high pressure) Aorta 120 mmhg Large arteries 110 mmhg Arterioles 40 mmhg Arteriolar capillaries

More information

The Circulatory System. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview The Circulatory System 33.1 THINK ABOUT IT More than one-third of the 1.2 million Americans who suffer a heart attack each year die. This grim evidence shows that the heart and the circulatory system it powers are vital to life.

More information

Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1

Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1 Vert Phys PCB3743 Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1 T. Houpt, Ph.D. Regulation of Heart & Blood Pressure Keep Blood Pressure constant if too low, not enough blood (oxygen, glucose) reaches tissues

More information

Cardiovascular System. Heart

Cardiovascular System. Heart Cardiovascular System Heart Electrocardiogram A device that records the electrical activity of the heart. Measuring the relative electrical activity of one heart cycle. A complete contraction and relaxation.

More information

Chapter 14 Blood Vessels, Blood Flow and Pressure Exam Study Questions

Chapter 14 Blood Vessels, Blood Flow and Pressure Exam Study Questions Chapter 14 Blood Vessels, Blood Flow and Pressure Exam Study Questions 14.1 Physical Law Governing Blood Flow and Blood Pressure 1. How do you calculate flow rate? 2. What is the driving force of blood

More information

Structure and organization of blood vessels

Structure and organization of blood vessels The cardiovascular system Structure of the heart The cardiac cycle Structure and organization of blood vessels What is the cardiovascular system? The heart is a double pump heart arteries arterioles veins

More information

SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006

SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006 SymBioSys Exercise 2 Cardiac Function Revised and reformatted by C. S. Tritt, Ph.D. Last updated March 20, 2006 The goal of this exercise to explore the behavior of the heart as a mechanical pump. For

More information

P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp , , , I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System

P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp , , , I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System P215 SPRING 2019: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chaps 13, 14 & 15: pp 360-390, 395-404, 410-428 433-438, 441-445 I. Major Functions of the Circulatory System 1. 2. 3. 4. II. Structure of the Heart 1. atria 2. ventricles

More information

PHYSIOLOGY MeQ'S (Morgan) All the following statements related to blood volume are correct except for: 5 A. Blood volume is about 5 litres. B.

PHYSIOLOGY MeQ'S (Morgan) All the following statements related to blood volume are correct except for: 5 A. Blood volume is about 5 litres. B. PHYSIOLOGY MeQ'S (Morgan) Chapter 5 All the following statements related to capillary Starling's forces are correct except for: 1 A. Hydrostatic pressure at arterial end is greater than at venous end.

More information

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart 2

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart 2 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart 2 PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE Cardiac muscle Striated Short Wide Branched Interconnected Skeletal muscle Striated Long Narrow Cylindrical PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE Intercalated

More information

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 20 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart Introduction The purpose of the chapter is to: 1. Learn about the components of the cardiovascular system

More information

Cardiovascular Physiology

Cardiovascular Physiology Cardiovascular Physiology Introduction The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and two vascular systems, the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The heart pumps blood through two vascular systems

More information

Blood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure: Blood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure 5/1/12

Blood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure: Blood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure 5/1/12 Blood pressure Blood pressure Dr Badri Paudel www.badripaudel.com Ø Blood pressure means the force exerted by the blood against the vessel wall Ø ( or the force exerted by the blood against any unit area

More information

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries, to the capillaries and back to the heart in the veins

Blood flows away from the heart in arteries, to the capillaries and back to the heart in the veins Cardiovascular System Summary Notes The cardiovascular system includes: The heart, a muscular pump The blood, a fluid connective tissue The blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries Blood flows away

More information

BME 5742 Bio-Systems Modeling and Control. Lecture 41 Heart & Blood Circulation Heart Function Basics

BME 5742 Bio-Systems Modeling and Control. Lecture 41 Heart & Blood Circulation Heart Function Basics BME 5742 Bio-Systems Modeling and Control Lecture 41 Heart & Blood Circulation Heart Function Basics Dr. Zvi Roth (FAU) 1 Pumps A pump is a device that accepts fluid at a low pressure P 1 and outputs the

More information

Properties of Pressure

Properties of Pressure OBJECTIVES Overview Relationship between pressure and flow Understand the differences between series and parallel circuits Cardiac output and its distribution Cardiac function Control of blood pressure

More information

Age-related changes in cardiovascular system. Dr. Rehab Gwada

Age-related changes in cardiovascular system. Dr. Rehab Gwada Age-related changes in cardiovascular system Dr. Rehab Gwada Objectives explain the main structural and functional changes in cardiovascular system associated with normal aging Introduction aging results

More information

Heart. Structure Physiology of blood pressure and heartbeat

Heart. Structure Physiology of blood pressure and heartbeat Heart Structure Physiology of blood pressure and heartbeat Location and Anatomy Location and Anatomy Pericardial cavity: surrounds, isolates, and anchors heart Parietal pericardium lined with serous membrane

More information

- what other structures, besides the heart, does the mediastinum contain?

- what other structures, besides the heart, does the mediastinum contain? Basic A & P II Dr. L. Bacha Chapter Outline (Martini & Nath 2010) An Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - read the paragraphs under this heading on page 580 The Heart is a Four Chambered Organ describe

More information

Anaesthesia. Update in. An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology. James Rogers Correspondence

Anaesthesia. Update in. An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology. James Rogers Correspondence Update in Anaesthesia Originally published in Update in Anaesthesia, edition 10 (1999) An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology Correspondence Email: James.Rogers@nbt.nhs.uk INTRODUCTION The cardiovascular

More information

Approximately the size of your fist Location. Pericardial physiology

Approximately the size of your fist Location. Pericardial physiology Heart Anatomy Approximately the size of your fist Location Superior surface of diaphragm Left of the midline Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum Wednesday, March 28, 2012 Muscle

More information

IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM

IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM TERMS TO KNOW circulation ventricle artery vein THE BLOOD SYSTEM 6.2.U1 - Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the tissues of the body Circulation

More information

Biology Unit 3 The Human Heart P

Biology Unit 3 The Human Heart P Biology 2201 Unit 3 The Human Heart P 314-321 Structure and Function of the Human Heart Structure of the Human Heart Has four Chambers (2 Atria and 2 Ventricles) Made of Cardiac Muscle Found in Chest Cavity

More information

Health Science 20 Circulatory System Notes

Health Science 20 Circulatory System Notes Health Science 20 Circulatory System Notes Functions of the Circulatory System The circulatory system functions mainly as the body s transport system. It transports: o Oxygen o Nutrients o Cell waste o

More information

AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System

AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System AS Level OCR Cardiovascular System Learning Objectives The link between the Cardiac Cycle and the Conduction system of the heart. The relationship between Stroke volume, Heart rate and Cardiac Output.

More information

IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM

IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM IB TOPIC 6.2 THE BLOOD SYSTEM THE BLOOD SYSTEM TERMS TO KNOW circulation ventricle artery vein 6.2.U1 - Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the tissues of the body Circulation

More information

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System The Heart Cardiovascular System The Heart Overview What does the heart do? By timed muscular contractions creates pressure gradients blood moves then from high pressure to low pressure

More information

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System Purpose Transport oxygen and nutrients Take waste products away from tissues & organs Things we learned Blood pressure: the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels

More information

Physiology Unit 3 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Physiology Unit 3 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: THE VASCULAR SYSTEM Physiology Unit 3 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: THE VASCULAR SYSTEM In Physiology Today Hemodynamics F = ΔP/R Blood flow (F) High to low pressure Rate = L/min Pressure (P) Hydrostatic pressure Pressure exerted

More information

The Arterial and Venous Systems Roland Pittman, Ph.D.

The Arterial and Venous Systems Roland Pittman, Ph.D. The Arterial and Venous Systems Roland Pittman, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: 1. State the primary characteristics of the arterial and venous systems. 2. Describe the elastic properties of arteries in terms of pressure,

More information

2.6 Cardiovascular Computer Simulation

2.6 Cardiovascular Computer Simulation 2.6 Cardiovascular Computer Simulation ROOM 23G22 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 4 1.1. GENERAL REMARKS... 4 1.2. LEARNING GOALS... 4 1.3. PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS... 5 1.4. GLOSSARY... 5 2. USING THE COMPUTER

More information

DESCRIBE THE FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIAC OUTPUT.

DESCRIBE THE FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIAC OUTPUT. DESCRIBE THE FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIAC OUTPUT. BY: DISHA PRAKASH I MBBS, ROLL NO: 16M069 OBJECTIVES OF LEARNING Terminology and conceptual understanding of Cardiac Output. Factors regulating Cardiac Output.

More information

Lecture 17, 28 Oct 2003 Chapter 12, Circulation (con t) Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2003

Lecture 17, 28 Oct 2003 Chapter 12, Circulation (con t) Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2003 1 Lecture 17, 28 Oct 2003 Chapter 12, Circulation (con t) Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 University of Arizona Fall 2003 instr: Kevin Bonine t.a.: Bret Pasch Vertebrate Physiology 437 2 1. Circulation

More information

Blood Pressure and its Regulation

Blood Pressure and its Regulation Blood Pressure and its Regulation Blood pressure in your blood vessels is closely monitored by baroreceptors; they send messages to the cardio regulatory center of your medulla oblongata to regulate your

More information

11/10/2014. Muscular pump Two atria Two ventricles. In mediastinum of thoracic cavity 2/3 of heart's mass lies left of midline of sternum

11/10/2014. Muscular pump Two atria Two ventricles. In mediastinum of thoracic cavity 2/3 of heart's mass lies left of midline of sternum It beats over 100,000 times a day to pump over 1,800 gallons of blood per day through over 60,000 miles of blood vessels. During the average lifetime, the heart pumps nearly 3 billion times, delivering

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System Chapter 18 Part A The Cardiovascular System 1/19/16 1 Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images Similarities of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle RMP Ion concentration Deploarization Action Potential Repolarization

More information

Function: Transportation of. Oxygen Nutrients Waste Hormones gases

Function: Transportation of. Oxygen Nutrients Waste Hormones gases Function: Transportation of Oxygen Nutrients Waste Hormones gases Pericardium: double sac of serous membrane filled with fluid (pericardial fluid to be exact) that surrounds the heart. Parietal pericardium:

More information

Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise

Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY 69 Case 13 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise Cassandra Farias is a 34-year-old dietician at an academic medical center. She believes in the importance of a healthy lifestyle

More information

BUSINESS. Articles? Grades Midterm Review session

BUSINESS. Articles? Grades Midterm Review session BUSINESS Articles? Grades Midterm Review session REVIEW Cardiac cells Myogenic cells Properties of contractile cells CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART Conduction pathway SA node (pacemaker) atrial depolarization

More information

The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System The Circulatory System Key Questions What are the functions of the circulatory system? How does the heart pump blood through the body? What are three types of blood vessels? Vocabulary myocardium atrium

More information

McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload

McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload McHenry Western Lake County EMS System Paramedic, EMT-B and PHRN Optional Continuing Education 2018 #12 Understanding Preload and Afterload Cardiac output (CO) represents the volume of blood that is delivered

More information

0. Where do you think blood tends to pool when a witch flies on her broomstick? (1 point)

0. Where do you think blood tends to pool when a witch flies on her broomstick? (1 point) 1 Vertebrate Physiology 437 EXAM II 31 October 2002 NAME 0. Where do you think blood tends to pool when a witch flies on her broomstick? (1 point) True or False (write true or false ; 6 points total; 1

More information

Cardiac Output MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007

Cardiac Output MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007 Cardiac Output MCQ Abdel Moniem Ibrahim Ahmed, MD Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology Cairo University 2007 90- Guided by Ohm's law when : a- Cardiac output = 5.6 L/min. b- Systolic and diastolic BP

More information

Cardiac Output (C.O.) Regulation of Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output (C.O.) Regulation of Cardiac Output Cardiac Output (C.O.) Is the volume of the blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (5 Litre) Stroke volume: Is the volume of the blood pumped by each ventricle per beat. Stroke volume = End diastolic

More information

Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Cardiovascular System: The Heart Cardiovascular System: The Heart I. Anatomy of the Heart (See lab handout for terms list) A. Describe the size, shape and location of the heart B. Describe the structure and function of the pericardium

More information

Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines

Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines 36 PHYSIOLOGY CASES AND PROBLEMS Case 8 Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines Helen Ames is a 51-year-old homemaker who experienced what she thought were severe menopausal symptoms. These awful "attacks"

More information

Anatomy Review: The Heart Graphics are used with permission of A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. and Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.

Anatomy Review: The Heart Graphics are used with permission of A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. and Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. Anatomy Review: The Heart Graphics are used with permission of A.D.A.M. Software, Inc. and Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. Anatomy Views Label the diagrams of the heart below: Interactive Physiology Study

More information

The Heart & Circulation (I)

The Heart & Circulation (I) The Heart & Circulation (I) (Ch. 1. Modeling and Simulation in Medicine and the Life Sciences) 1.1 Plan of the Circulation - Function of the heart? - Figure 1.1: The left heart receives blood that is rich

More information

The Heart. Size, Form, and Location of the Heart. 1. Blunt, rounded point; most inferior part of the heart.

The Heart. Size, Form, and Location of the Heart. 1. Blunt, rounded point; most inferior part of the heart. 12 The Heart FOCUS: The heart is composed of cardiac muscle cells, which are elongated, branching cells that appear striated. Cardiac muscle cells behave as a single electrical unit, and the highly coordinated

More information

Blood Pressure Fox Chapter 14 part 2

Blood Pressure Fox Chapter 14 part 2 Vert Phys PCB3743 Blood Pressure Fox Chapter 14 part 2 T. Houpt, Ph.D. 1 Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure How to Measure Blood Pressure Contribution of vascular resistance to blood pressure Cardiovascular

More information

Ch. 12 The Circulatory System. The heart. The heart is a double pump. A quick note on arteries vs. veins. = the muscular pump of the CV system

Ch. 12 The Circulatory System. The heart. The heart is a double pump. A quick note on arteries vs. veins. = the muscular pump of the CV system Ch. 12 The Circulatory System The heart A.k.a. the cardiovascular system Blood was discussed in Ch. 11 Focus of Ch. 12: heart and blood vessels = the muscular pump of the CV system ~ 100,000 heartbeats/day!

More information

Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: The Heart Chapter 20: Cardiovascular System: The Heart I. Functions of the Heart A. List and describe the four functions of the heart: 1. 2. 3. 4. II. Size, Shape, and Location of the Heart A. Size and Shape 1.

More information

Lab 16. The Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels. Laboratory Objectives

Lab 16. The Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels. Laboratory Objectives Lab 16 The Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels Laboratory Objectives Describe the anatomical structures of the heart to include the pericardium, chambers, valves, and major vessels. Describe

More information

Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR

Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR Regulation of MAP Flow = pressure gradient resistance CO = MAP TPR Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR TPR is the total peripheral resistance: this is the combined resistance of all blood vessels (remember

More information

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Method, Technology and Validity

Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Method, Technology and Validity Method, Technology and Validity Hemodynamic Basics Cardiovascular System Cardiac Output (CO) Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Variable resistance (SVR) Aortic valve Left ventricle Elastic arteries / Aorta

More information

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS Name: Block: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Multicellular organisms (above the level of roundworms) rely on a circulatory system to bring nutrients to, and take wastes away from, cells. In higher organisms such as

More information

1. Label the Diagram using the following terms: artery, arterioles, vein, venules, capillaries, valve, inner wall, middle wall, outer wall

1. Label the Diagram using the following terms: artery, arterioles, vein, venules, capillaries, valve, inner wall, middle wall, outer wall Bio 20 Ms. Nyboer Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, and the Heart Structure and Function Workbook Use your textbook (Ch. 10) and notes to fill in this workbook Part A: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries 1. Label

More information

This is a TRANSPORT system that allows every cell: i) uptake of nutrients ( ex. oxygen, glucose) ii) excretes wastes (ex C02, ammonia)

This is a TRANSPORT system that allows every cell: i) uptake of nutrients ( ex. oxygen, glucose) ii) excretes wastes (ex C02, ammonia) Biology 20 Unit D This is a TRANSPORT system that allows every cell: i) uptake of nutrients ( ex. oxygen, glucose) ii) excretes wastes (ex C02, ammonia) requires action of: heart: muscular force to move

More information

Chapter 9. Body Fluid Compartments. Body Fluid Compartments. Blood Volume. Blood Volume. Viscosity. Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4

Chapter 9. Body Fluid Compartments. Body Fluid Compartments. Blood Volume. Blood Volume. Viscosity. Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4 Body Fluid Compartments Chapter 9 Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4 Total body fluids (40 L) Intracellular fluid (ICF) 25 L Fluid of each cell (75 trillion) Constituents inside cell vary Extracellular

More information

Cardiovascular System. I. Structures of the heart A. : Pericardium sack that surrounds the heart

Cardiovascular System. I. Structures of the heart A. : Pericardium sack that surrounds the heart Cardiovascular System I. Structures of the heart A. : Pericardium sack that surrounds the heart 1. : Pericardial Cavity serous fluid filled space between the heart and the pericardium B. Heart Wall 1.

More information

Veins. VENOUS RETURN = PRELOAD = End Diastolic Volume= Blood returning to heart per cardiac cycle (EDV) or per minute (Venous Return)

Veins. VENOUS RETURN = PRELOAD = End Diastolic Volume= Blood returning to heart per cardiac cycle (EDV) or per minute (Venous Return) Veins Venous system transports blood back to heart (VENOUS RETURN) Capillaries drain into venules Venules converge to form small veins that exit organs Smaller veins merge to form larger vessels Veins

More information

The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System 11 PART A The Cardiovascular System PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB The Cardiovascular

More information

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND RESPONSES TO EXERCISE Mr. S. Kelly PSK 4U North Grenville DHS THE HEART: A REVIEW Cardiac muscle = myocardium Heart divided into two sides, 4 chambers (L & R) RS: pulmonary

More information

3/10/2009 VESSELS PHYSIOLOGY D.HAMMOUDI.MD. Palpated Pulse. Figure 19.11

3/10/2009 VESSELS PHYSIOLOGY D.HAMMOUDI.MD. Palpated Pulse. Figure 19.11 VESSELS PHYSIOLOGY D.HAMMOUDI.MD Palpated Pulse Figure 19.11 1 shows the common sites where the pulse is felt. 1. Temporal artery at the temple above and to the outer side of the eye 2. External maxillary

More information

Cardiac output and Venous Return. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD

Cardiac output and Venous Return. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD Cardiac output and Venous Return Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD 1 Objectives Define cardiac output and venous return Describe the methods of measurement of CO Outline the factors that regulate cardiac output

More information

Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise. Background Cardiac function

Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise. Background Cardiac function Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise In this experiment, you will record an electrocardiogram, or ECG, and finger pulse from a healthy volunteer. You will then compare the ECG and pulse recordings when the

More information

Cardiac Cycle MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007

Cardiac Cycle MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007 Cardiac Cycle MCQ Abdel Moniem Ibrahim Ahmed, MD Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology Cairo University 2007 1- Regarding the length of systole and diastole: a- At heart rate 75 b/min, the duration of

More information

-12. -Ensherah Mokheemer - ABDULLAH ZREQAT. -Faisal Mohammad. 1 P a g e

-12. -Ensherah Mokheemer - ABDULLAH ZREQAT. -Faisal Mohammad. 1 P a g e -12 -Ensherah Mokheemer - ABDULLAH ZREQAT -Faisal Mohammad 1 P a g e In the previous lecture we talked about: - cardiac index: we use the cardiac index to compare the cardiac output between different individuals,

More information

10/23/2017. Muscular pump Two atria Two ventricles. In mediastinum of thoracic cavity 2/3 of heart's mass lies left of midline of sternum

10/23/2017. Muscular pump Two atria Two ventricles. In mediastinum of thoracic cavity 2/3 of heart's mass lies left of midline of sternum It beats over 100,000 times a day to pump over 1,800 gallons of blood per day through over 60,000 miles of blood vessels. During the average lifetime, the heart pumps nearly 3 billion times, delivering

More information

Circulatory System 10.1

Circulatory System 10.1 1 Circulatory System 10.1 2 ARTERIES Arteries-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Thick walls Inner & Outer layers: connective tissue Middle layers are muscle and elastic connective tissue

More information

Practice Exercises for the Cardiovascular System

Practice Exercises for the Cardiovascular System Practice Exercises for the Cardiovascular System On the diagram below, color the oxygen-rich blood red and the oxygen-poor blood blue. Label the parts: Continued on the next page... Label the parts on

More information

Physiology lecture 15 Hemodynamic

Physiology lecture 15 Hemodynamic Physiology lecture 15 Hemodynamic Dispensability (D) : proportional change in volume per unit change in pressure D = V/ P*V It is proportional (divided by the original volume). Compliance (C) : total change

More information