Anatomy 36 Study Guide Unit 3

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1 Anatomy 36 Study Guide Unit 3 Chapter 11 Amine hormones Peptide hormones Steroid hormones 11 4 Hormones of the adrenal cortex 11 6 Hormones of the gonads Categories of hormones Table 11 2 Hormone receptors Up regulation Down regulation Permissiveness 11 9 Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland 11 13, 11 15, Hypothalamo pituitary portal vessel Posterior pituitary hormones Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone Anterior pituitary hormones FSH LH GH ACTH Prolactin Hypothalamus GnRH GHRH SS TRH CRH Long loop feedback Short loop feedback Thyroid hormones 11 21, T3 T4 Thyroid follicles Thyroglobulin MIT DIT Endocrine response to stress Cortisol Table 11 3, 11 4 Endocrine control of growth 11 28, Tables 11 5, 11 6 Growth factors Mitogen Growth inhibiting factors IGF 1

2 Endocrine control of Ca 2+ homeostasis 11 30, Table 11 7 Bone Kidneys GI tract Pararathyroid hormone ,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D3) Calcitonin

3 Chapter 12 Hematocrit 12 1 Heart anatomy Systemic/pulmonary circulation 12 2 Hemodynamics 12 4 Hydrostatic pressure Resistance Viscosity 12 5 Autonomic innervation of the heart 12 9 Sequence of excitation 12 10, Cardiac action potentials L type calcium channels T type calcium channels F type sodium channels Nodal cell action potential Electrocardiogram Excitation contraction coupling Refractory period of the heart Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle 12 17, Systole Diastole Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Ventricular filling End systolic volume End diastolic volume Heart sounds Cardiac output Control of heart rate 12 22, 12 23, Table 12 3 Control of stroke volume Frank Starling mechanism Contractility 12 25, 12 26, Ejection fraction Afterload Functions of endothelial cells Table 12 4 Compliance Pulmonary/systemic blood pressures Systolic pressure 12 30, Diastolic pressure Pulse pressure (PP) Mean arteriole pressure (MAP) Sounds of Korotkoff Vasoconstriction/vasodilation 12 33, Active/reactive hyperemia Flow autoregulation

4 Extrinsic controls Angiotensin II ADH ANP Endothelial cells 12 35, EDRF PGI2 Anatomy of capillary networks Capillary blood flow 12 38, Diffusion gradients Bulk flow Crystalloids Colloids Absorption Net filtration pressure Starling forces Venous pressure Skeletal muscle pump Total peripheral resistance (TPR) 12 49, 12 50, Barroreceptor reflex 12 52, Barroreceptors 12 53, Carotid sinus Aortic arch barroreceptors Medullary cardiovascular center Blood volume regulation 12 57

5 Chapter 16 Absorptive state 16 1, 16 3 Postabsorptive state 16 2, Table 16 1 Sources of blood glucose Glucose sparing Endocrine /neural control 16 3 Islets of Langerhans Alpha cells Beta cells Delta cells Insulin 16 4, 16 5, 16 6 Control of insulin secretion 16 7, 16 8 Glucagon 16 9 Cortisol Table 16 3 Growth Hormone Table 16 4

6 Chapter 18 Leukocytes Table 18 1, Plasma cells Macrophage Table 18 8 Mast cells Lymphocytes Phagocytosis 18 3, 18 5 Inflammation Table 18 2 Chemotaxis Dipedesis Opsonin Complement 18 4 C3b Membrane attack complex Interferons 18 6 Stages of specific immune defenses Lymphocytes 18 8, 18 9 B lymphocytes Helper T lymphocytes (CD4+) Cytoxic (Killer) T cells (CD8+) NK cells Antibody mediated response B cell receptors Immunoglobulins (A,D, G, E, M) 18 10, 18 15, Antigen binding site T cell receptors Class I MHC proteins Table 18 5 Class II MHC proteins Antigen presenting cells (APCs) 18 11, Epitopes IL I TNF Presentation to helper T cells Presentation to cytotoxic T cells IL 2 Active/passive immunity Defense against virus infected cells 18 18, Table 18 7 Perforin Acute phase response Acute phase proteins Allergy

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