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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdomen, and aorta, as causes of shock, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, Abdominal compartment syndrome, trauma patient in shock and, 788 Abdominal injury, in children, 943 Anaphylaxis, definition of, 829 treatment of, 829 Anticoagulants, and reversal of, 803 Antimicrobials, and vasopressors, in septic shock, classification of, 839 in severe sepsis, selection of, in antimicrobial shortages, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles and, Aorta, and abdomen, as causes of shock, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, Atelectrauma, 874 B ß-Lactamases, extended spectrum, infections caused by, treatment of, 837 Bioethics, autonomy/patient self-determination, 963 futility in medicine and, 964 justice and, Blood, and transfusion components, 799 Blood cells, red packed, transfusion of, 802 Brain injury, traumatic, neurologic injuries associated with, 891 surgical management of, 895, 896 C Cancer, in children, 942 metastatic, end of life and, 956 Cardiac arrest, out-of-hospital, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for, Cardiac output monitor, noninvasive, bioreactance, ultrasonic, 818 Cardiogenic shock, causes of, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, following myocardial infarction, Cardiopulmonary arrest, care following, Child(ren), abdominal injury in, 943 cancer in, 942 Emerg Med Clin N Am 32 (2014) /14/$ see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 976 Child(ren) (continued) central venous lines for, 947 difficult airway in, 945, 946 ductal-dependent heart disease in, endotracheal tubes in, cannulation size of, head trauma in, 942 ill, resuscitation of, general approach to, intraosseous lines for, intubation/rapid sequence intubation of, malrotation and midgut volvulus in, 940 metabolic diseases in, 940 noninvasive positive pressure ventilation of, 944 respiratory arrest in, seizures in, septic, 941 severe illness in, common sources of, spinal injuries in, status epilepticus in, 941 thoracostomy tubes for, trauma to, incidence of, 942, 943 Circulatory overload, transfusion-associated, 802 Circulatory support, mechanical, Coagulation, monitoring of, Coagulation cascade, 798 Coagulopathy, and hemorrhage, in critically ill, vitamin K and, 803, 804 D Death, imminent, syndrome of, 957 sudden, resuscitation efforts and, 957 Dehydration, at end of life, 967 Dementia, advanced, end of life and, Demyelinating disease, fulminant, peripheral, 928 Dobutamine, 826, 827 Dopamine, 825, 827 Dying, diagnosing of, Dyspnea, at end of life, E Echocardiography, transthoracic and transesophageal, in circulatory failure, Encephalitis, 931 antibody-mediated, viral, 933 End-expiratory occlusion test, 815 End of life, communication at, 957 dehydration at, 967 dyspnea at, ethical issues encountered at, 963

3 977 goals of care at, determinaion of, life-sustaining treatments at, palliative care at, symptom management at, 965 End-of-life/palliative care/ethics, Endotracheal tubes, for children, Epinephrine, 825, 827, 829 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, clinical uses for, for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in acute respiratory distress syndrome, in myocarditis, in toxic overdoses, 861 pump set-up and cannulation, F Factor VII, activated, for treatment of bleeding, Fresh frozen plasma, 803, 804 G Guillain-Barre syndrome, 928 H Head injury, neurologic injuries associated with, Head trauma, in children, 942 Heart, Frank-Starling relationship of, 812 Heart disease, ductal-dependent, in children, Heart failure, acute decompensated, treatment of, 828 congestive, end of life and, 956 Heart-lung interactions, oxygen delivery and, Hemodynamic monitoring, devices for, Hemodynamic monitors, invasive, noninvasive, Hemorrhage, and coagulopathy, in critically ill, Hemothorax, and pheumothorax, as causes of hypotension, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, 917 Hypercapnia, invasive mechanical ventilation and, Hyperoxemia, 873 Hyperoxia, oxygenation and, in normal and abnormal lungs, 872 I Inferior vena cava distensibility index, Inotropes, and pressors, physiology of, Intra-aortic balloon pump, for mechanical support in cardiogenic shock, Isoproterenol, 826 L Leg raise, passive, Levosimendan, 826

4 978 Life-sustaining therapy, at end of life, questions of family concerning, 959 Listeriosis, central nervous system, 934 Lung injury, acute, transfusion-related, ventilator-induced, 874 Lung-protective ventilation, mechanical, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, 874, 875 Lung-protective ventilation strategies, and adjunctive treatments for patient with acute respiratory failure, Lung recruitment, open, and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure, M Mechanical ventilation, crashing patient on, algorithm for approach to, invasive, 871 and hypercapnia, lung-protective, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, 874, 875 settings, algorithm for initiating, Meningitis, 931 Meningitis/encephalitis, bacterial, Meningoencephalitis, 931 Milrinone, 826 Multiple sclerosis, tumefactive, 935 Myasthenia gravis, Myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock following, Myocarditis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in, N Neonate, illness of, common sources of, Neurocritical care, select topics in, Neurogenic shock, treatment of, 829 Neuroimmunology, Neuroinfectious disease, 931 Neurologic injuries, associated with trauma, Neuromuscular blocking agents, Neuromuscular disease, acute respiratory failure in, management strategies in, Neuromuscular junction disorders, Neuromyelitis optica, 936 Neurotrauma, airway, breathing, and circulation assessment in, 892 approach and resuscitation strategies for patient with, current therapies in, evidence for, epidemiology of, 890 fluid resuscitation in, 892 hyperosmolar therapies in, hypothermia in, 898 induced hypertension in, 897 infection prophylaxis in, 899 intracranial pressure assessment in,

5 979 intracranial pressure monitoring in, neurocritical care in, future of, 899 pharmacologic coma and, 898 restoration of cerebral perfusion in, 894 seizure prophylaxis in, 898, 899 steroids in, 897 surgical decompression in, 895, 896 Norepinephrine (Levophed), 825, 827 O Occlusion test, end-expiratory, 815 Organ donation, and declaration of death, 965 Oxygen delivery, and heart-lung interactions, Oxygenation, and hyperoxia, in normal and abnormal lungs, 872 P Pediatric critical care, Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, antimicrobial selection and, Phenylephrine, , 827 Pheumothorax, and hemothorax, as causes of hypotension, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, 917 Plateau pressures, inspiratory, limiting of, 875 Positive end-expiratory pressure, optimal, and open lung recruitment, Pressors, and inotropes, physiology of, Procalcitonin, Prothrombin complex concentrate, for treatment of bleeding, 804, 805 Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, end of life and, 956 Pulse pressure variation, and stroke volume variation, R Respiratory arrest, in children, Respiratory distress syndrome, acute, and lung-protective ventilation, 874, 875 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in, Respiratory failure, acute, adjunctive maneuers in, epidemiology/statement of, 8772 in neuromuscular disease, lung-protective ventilation strategies and adjunctive treatments for patient with, pathophysiology of, 872 prone positioning in, 882 point-of-care ultrasonography to determine causes of, Rhombencephalitis, 931, 934 S Seizures, in children, Sepsis, biomarkers of, definition of, 836

6 980 Sepsis (continued) severe, and septic shock, afterload optimization in, 764 antibiotics in, 763, 840 criteria for, 760, 761 definitions of, 760 early identification of, epidemiology of, future directions in, global tissue hypoxia in, 773 reversal of, 774 glycemic control in, 765 goal-directed therapy in, 763 lactate elevation in, screening for, 762 lung-protective ventilation in, 765 management of patients with, organ dysfunction in, pathophysiology of, preload optimization in, sepsis bundles in, 766 treatment of, 765 steroid replacement in, treatment of, vital sign abnormalities in, 762 and shock, clinical practice guidelines in, antimicrobial considerations in, antimicrobial selection in, general approach to, Shock, abdomen and aorta as causes of, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, and severe sepsis, clinical practice guidelines in, assessing volume status in, cardiogenic, following myocardial infarction, point-of-care ultrasonography in assessment of, causes of, 748 clinical presentation of, 749 definition of, 747 initial ED assessment in, initial ED management in, pathophysiology of, physical examination in, pipe assessment in, 757 pipe dysfunction in, 753, pump assessment in, septic, and severe sepsis. See Sepsis, severe, and septic shock. antimicrobials and vasopressors in, tank assessment in, tank dysfunction in, trauma patient in, abdominal compartment syndrome and, 788 abdominal examination in, assessment and treatment of, assessment of body compartments in,

7 981 chest examination in, compartments examination in, damage control in, 787 head/neck examination in, , 780 imaging in, general trends in, kidney assessment in, liver assessment in, resuscitation of, 778 spleen assessment in, ultrasound findings in, 749, 750, 751 Spinal cord injury, traumatic, neurologic injuries associated with, 891 Spinal injuries, in children, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, risk factors for, 837 Status epilepticus, in children, 941 Streptococcus pneumoniae, drug-resistant, risk factors for, 837 Stroke volume, assessment of, in shock, variation of, pulse pressure variation and, T Thoracostomy tubes, for children, Thromboelastography, 799 Tidal volume(s), lower, to prevent lung injury, 874 optimal, selection of, Tranexamic acid, for treatment of bleeding, Transfusion, in critically ill, 801 indications for, 800 massive, protocols and ratios for, risks of, and reactions to, Trauma, neurologic injuries associated with, U Ultrasonic cardiac output monitor, 818 Ultrasonography, critical care, findings in shock, 749, 750, 751 point-of-care, 907 in assessment of abdomen and aorta as causes of shock, in assessment of cardiogenic causes of shock, 908, 909 in assessment of hemothorax and pheumothorax as causes of hypotension, 917 multisystem protocols for, 908, 909 neurologic applications of, 921, 922 resuscitative end points and, to determine causes of respiratory failure, using inferior vena cava to estimate fluid responsiveness, Unstable patients, goals of care in, V Vasodilators, pulmonary, inhaled, Vasopressin, 827

8 982 Vasopressors, and antimicrobials, in septic shock, Ventricular assist device, arrhythmias associated with, 858 common complications of, for mechanical circulatory support, infectious complications of, mechanical failure of, Vitamin K, and coagulopathy, 803, 804

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