Rhythm Disorders 2017 TazKai LLC and NRSNG.com
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1 Rhythm Disorders 1. Outline the conduction system of the heart. 2. What do the different portions of the EKG represent? 3. Define the following terms: a. Automaticity b. Conductivity c. Excitability d. Action potential e. Threshold potential f. Polarized g. Depolarization h. Repolarization 4. What is a dysrhythmia, how does they affect CO? 5. Define premature ventricular contraction. How is it reflected in the EKG? 6. What are the causes for premature ventricular contraction? 7. What is an electrophysiology study and what are the nursing care considerations?
2 8. What is V-Tach? 9. How is it diagnosed? 10. What are the nursing care considerations associated with vtach? 11. What medications would be given and how would CPR and defibrillation be done? 12. What is ventricular fibrillation, nursing care, meds, dx, CPR, defib? 13. How do implantable cardioverter defibrillators work and what are the nursing considerations? 14. Describe premature atrial contractions. 15. Define A-fib, nursing considerations, and complications. 16. What is countershock and how does it work, what should you avoid? 17. How do antidysrhythmics work, what are they? 18. What is sick sinus rhythm? 19. What is a heart block and describe the differences between the different kinds. 20. Define nursing care for bradycarida including meds. 21. What are artificial pacemakers, what are the nursing considerations? 22. What are the different pacemaker modes?
3 23. What are the nursing considerations for pacemakers including medications?
4 Coronary Circulation Disturbances 1. Outline the basic coronary circulation. 2. What is atherosclerosis and what does it effect? 3. Outline the progression of atherosclerosis. 4. What are the incidence of CAD/CHD, how is it diagnosed? 5. What are the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD/CHD? 6. What are the significant findings on the physical assessment of someone with CAD/CHD? 7. What lab values would indicate atherosclerosis? 8. How would CAD/CHD be diagnosed? 9. What nursing dx are relevant for a pt with CAD/CHD? 10. What are the management options for a pt with atherosclerosis? 11. What drugs are used to lower cholesterol and how do they work? 12. What is percutaneous revascularization, what drugs are important and what are the nursing considerations? 13. Describe coronary artery bypass graft, when would it be done? 14. What post-op care will be given to a pt following CABG?
5 15. What is the cause of MI? 16. What is the pathophysiology of MI? 17. Describe the healing process post MI. 18. Outline the clinical manifestations of an MI. 19. What are the cardiovascular manifestations of an MI? 20. What are the cardiac markers and how are they used? 21. What are the hematology markers and how are they used? 22. Outline the various complications of an MI? 23. What nursing dx are relevant for a pt with an MI? 24. What are therapeutic management options for a patient with MI? 25. Outline the pharmacological management options for MI patients. 26. What are the long term management options for MI? 27. What is TPA and what are the important precautions? 28. What is an intra aortic balloon pump? 29. Describe important nutritional considerations for MI patients?
6 Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart 1. What are the three major inflammatory conditions affecting the heart, where do they affect? 2. What is the patho, cause, and classifications of endocarditis? 3. What are the manifestations of endocarditis? 4. How is endocarditis diagnosed? 5. What are the complications associated with endocarditis and why? 6. What are the treatment options for endocarditis? 7. What is the patho, cause, and goal associated with myocarditis? 8. What are the manifestations of myocarditis? 9. How is myocarditis diagnosed? 10. What are some important interventions for myocarditis? 11. What is the patho and causes for pericarditis? 12. What are the clinical manifestations of pericarditis? 13. How is pericarditis diagnosed? 14. What are the appropriate interventions for pericarditis?
7 15. How is a pericardial effusion managed? 16. What is a cardiac tamponade and how is it managed? 17. What is pulsus paradoxus and how is it managed? 18. What is chronic constrictive pericarditis and how is it managed?
8 Valve Disease 1. List the heart valves and describe their location. 2. What is a stenosis and how is it related to valve disease? 3. What is insufficiency and how does it relate to valve disease? 4. How are murmurs related to valve disease? 5. List the primary components of a heart valve. 6. How are murmurs characterized? 7. What are the various ways to assess and diagnosis valve disease? 8. What are the causes of valvular disease? 9. List the key components of stenosis. 10. List the key components of mitral stenosis. 11. List the key components of aortic stenosis. 12. What is idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis? 13. What is valvular regurgitation? 14. What is mitral regurgitation? 15. What is a mitral valve prolapse?
9 16. What are the key points in proper valve management and nursing interventions? 17. What medications should be administered? 18. What teaching points should be included with a patient having valvular issues? 19. What surgical options are available to patients with valvular problems? 20. Outline the major considerations with valve tissue replacement. 21. Outline the major considerations with mechanical valve replacement.
10 Heart Failure 1. How is SV and CO calculated? 2. What is CHF and what are the possible causes? 3. What is cardiomyopathy? 4. What are the different classes of CHF and what do they mean? 5. Define the differences between left side and rt side CHF. 6. What are the differences between systolic and diastolic CHF and what are the manifestations? 7. How is CHF diagnosed? 8. What are normal lab values for hemodynamic monitoring? 9. What are the manifestations for lt side CHF? 10. What are the manifestations for rt side CHF? 11. What are the manifestations for cardiomyopathy? 12. What assessments should be done for a pt w/chf? 13. What are possible nursing diagnosis for CHF? 14. What are possible nursing interventions for CHF patients?
11 15. What medication classes are used to treat CHF? 16. How do diuretics treat CHF and what are the different kinds? 17. What are the different types of after-load reducing agents and their considerations? 18. How do ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II Blockers treat CHF? 19. List several inotropic agents and outline their important considerations. 20. List various vasodilators and their important considerations. 21. What are important teaching points for a pt taking digoxin and diuretics? 22. List several invasive interventions for CHF patients. 23. What is acute pulmonary edema, how is it manifested and managed? 24. What is cardiogenic shock, how is it manifested and managed? 25. What is pericardial effusion? 26. What is pericardial tamponade? 27. List other complications and describe what they are. 28. What medications are important to administer to a patient following heart transplant?
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