IL PANE TOSCANO FA BENE? STUDIO DI INTERVENTO

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1 IL PANE TOSCANO FA BENE? STUDIO DI INTERVENTO Sofi F, Cesari F, Gori AM, Mannini L, Ghiselli L^, Benedettelli S^, Vecchio V^, Abbate R, Gensini GF Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Thrombosis Centre; ^Department of Agronomy and Land Management, University of Florence; Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Onlus IRCCS, Florence

2 Epidemiological studies have strongly suggested that dietary habits play a crucial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease In particular, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, mainly due to their content of compounds with antioxidant activity However, beneficial capacity of different grains varies substantially in relation to cultivar and location of the varieties

3 Le evidenze epidemiologiche

4 Cardiovascular disease and consumption of whole grains Liu, 2000 Liu, 1999 Jacobs, 1998 Fraser, RR (95% CI) Hu F. B., JAMA 2002

5 Cardiovascular disease and consumption of whole grains (n=42,850 males) 1st quintile of whole-grain intake 2nd quintile of whole-grain intake 0.88 ( ) 3rd quintile of whole-grain intake 0.80 ( ) 4th quintile of whole-grain intake 0.69 ( ) 5th quintile of whole-grain intake 0.64 ( ) RR (95% CI) Jensen MK, Am J Clin Nutr 2004

6 To evaluate the influence of short-term dietary intake of a selected healthy Italian grain variety on biomarkers related to the atherosclerotic process

7 20 clinically healthy subjects [9 M; 11 F; mean age: 39.5 years (range: years)] 150 g/die of test bread for 10 weeks () 10 weeks of wash-out (Wash-out period) 150 g/die of commercially available bread for 10 weeks () Time points: Beginning of the test period (T0) End of the test period (T1) Beginning of the control period (T2) End of the control period (T3)

8 DEMOGRAPHIC AND BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS Males (n=11) Females (n=9) P value Age (yrs) 39 (21-59) 45 (27-61) 0.6 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 26.1± ± Smoking habit, n (%) Positive history of CVD, n (%) 3 (27.3) 2 (22.2) (18.2) 1 (11.1) 0.7 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

9 The bread utilised for the experiment was derived from Verna cv., an old soft wheat Italian variety in organic cultivation Stone-ground (semi-integral) flour was utilised for bread production. The chemical composition and principle mineral element contents (mg/kg) are reported in the following tables: Total protein (%) Lipids, (%) Polyphenols, mg/100 g Flavonoids, µm/g ± ± ± 0.34 Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn Na P Zn ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 6.42 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

10 Lipid profile Inflammatory profile Total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol HDL-cholesterol Triglycerides Interleukin-6 Interleukin-12 TNF-alpha Interleukin-8 VEGF Interleukin-1RA Interleukin-10 Conventional methods Multiplex bead-based assay (Bioplex) Hemorheological profile Whole Blood Viscosity Erythrocytes filtration rate Plasma viscosity Rotational Viscosimeter LS30 Filtrometer MF4 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

11 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) p<0.05 LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) p<0.05

12 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) p<0.05 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

13 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement ): 226 Interleukin-12 (pg/ml)

14 Interleukin-1RA (pg/ml) Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement ): 226 Interleukin-10 (pg/ml)

15 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226 Interleukin-18 (pg/ml) p <0.05. Vascular endothelial growth factor (pg/ml)

16 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGES IN INTERLEUKIN-8 AND CHANGES IN TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS 20 Change of Interleukin-8 (%) R=0.61, p< Change of total cholesterol (%) Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

17 Whole blood viscosity s-1 (mpa*s) p<0.05 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement ): 226 Whole blood viscosity s-1 (mpa*s) p< ± ± ± ±0.8

18 Erythrocytes filtration rate (%) p<0.05 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

19 PLASMA VISCOSITY (%) p< ±0.03 Sofi F et al., Eur Heart J 2008; 29 (Abstract Supplement): 226

20 Dietary short-term intake of a selected healthy variety of Italian grain is able to impose favourable biochemical changes in healthy subjects, with regard to lower circulating levels of markers of atherosclerosis, such as lipid, inflammatory parameters, and haemorheological profile. These results seem to be important for tailoring dietary recommendations to the general population in terms of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

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