Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the Indian social class and heart survey

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the Indian social class and heart survey"

Transcription

1 Journal of Human Hypertension (1997) 11, Stockton Press. All rights reserved /97 $12.00 Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the Indian social class and heart survey RB Singh 1, JP Sharma 1, V Rastogi 1, MA Niaz 1 and NK Singh 2 1 Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad; and 2 Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India To determine the association of socio-economic status ; women 1.08, 95% CI ), body mass (SES) and prevalence of hypertension and its risk fac- index (odds ratio: men 1.12, ; women 1.11, tors in a rural population, a cross sectional survey was ) and sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio: men 1.45, conducted in two randomly selected villages in the ; women 1.38, ). Only weak but sig- Moradabad district in North India. There were 1935 resi- nificant associations were observed with smoking, alcodents aged over 25 (984 men and 951 women) who were hol and salt intake. The association of hypertension with randomly selected and categorised into social classes social class was reduced after adjustment of body mass 1 4 depending upon SES based on occupation, housing index, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and salt intake (odds conditions, land holding, total per capita income, owner- ratio: men 0.96, ; women 0.73, ). ship of consumer durables and education. The preva- There was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension lence of hypertension diagnosed by JNC V criteria and age-specific blood pressure (BP) with increasing ( 140/90 mm Hg) was significantly higher among social age in both sexes. The overall prevalence of hypertenclass 1 and 2 and showed positive relation with SES in sion by WHO criteria ( 160/95) was 4.6% and by JNC V both sexes. Among social class 1 and 2 subjects, there criteria 20.8%, and the rates were comparable in both was a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and sexes. Social class 1 and 2 subjects in rural North India sedentary lifestyle. Logistic regression analysis with have a higher prevalence of hypertension and its risk adjustment of age showed that SES had a positive factors of overweight and sedentary lifestyle. relation with hypertension (odds ratio: men 1.09, 95% CI Keywords: sedentary lifestyle; physical activity; body mass index; socio-economic status; education Introduction lence of coronary artery disease (CHD) and its risk factors, for the first time to our knowledge in India. 10 In developed countries there is strong inverse In this paper we examine the association between association between cardiovascular disease and hypertension and its risk factors with social classes social status, whether measured by occupation, in a rural population from North India. income or education. 1 The prevalence of coronary risk factors and blood pressure (BP) levels are also higher in the lower social classes. 1 3 However, studies from developing countries have shown no such The subjects and methods of this study have been Patients and methods correlation. Studies in Indian migrants to Britain described previously. 10 In brief, we selected two vilreported a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher lages at random from the Moradabad district which stroke mortality and higher BP levels and body mass has a population of 0.1 million (census, 1991). We index (BMI) than in their siblings in India. This sug- randomly selected two to three blocks from each gests that socioeconomic factors and lifestyle may street of each village. Each block contained be important in the development of hypertension. 4,5 adults and we selected 2000 subjects for this study. A few studies from India which have examined this Details of population in the two villages were question suggest that BP increases with social class obtained from the voters lists (1991). The total and that hypertension is more common in higher study sample was 2235 subjects 25 years of age, of income groups. 6 8 Social classes and the prevalence which 300 (13.4%) refused to give a detailed history of risk factors of hypertension have not been studied and examination. All subjects included in the study adequately in other developing countries. 9 In the had lived in the area since birth. All 1935 subjects, Indian Social Class and Heart Survey, we reported (984 males and 951 females) were invited for partician association between social classes and the preva- pation in the study. A physician and social worker administered questionnaire was prepared based on the guidelines of Correspondence: Dr RB Singh, Hon Professor, Preventive Cardi- World Health Organization (WHO), 11 the Indian ology, Civil Lines, Moradabad-10 (UP) , India Received 3 August 1996; revised 4 November 1996; accepted 11 Council of Medical Research and other Indian stud- November 1996 ies. 8 The questionnaire was validated 8 and included

2 52 information on age, sex, education, socio-economic Statistical analysis status (SES), physical activity, past and family his- Assuming from other studies that the prevalence of tory of hypertension, smoking and alcohol conhypertension is about 5% in the community, we sumption. The SES measurement scale was conwould need a sample of at least 1500 subjects to estistructed based on earlier studies from India and was mate with 90% confidence to detect at 5% signifigraded into social classes 1 4 based on classicance a relative risk of 1.54 for prevalence of hyperfication of Raman Kutty and coworkers 12 (see tension in Indians. We proposed a larger sample size Appendix). In this method scores were assigned to to increase the level of confidence and to estimate each subject based on education, occupation, housthe prevalence to within 2% error on either side ing conditions, ownership of consumer durables, which was deemed satisfactory as a first estimate. land holding and per capita total income of the fam- Multivariate analysis to determine the overall ily members. Per capita income was calculated from relation of social class with hypertension and risk the total income of the family from all sources divfactors was performed by logistic regression. The ided by number of family members. Educational dependent variables were presence of hypertension, status was assessed by the number of years of edusalt intake, alcohol, smoking, physical activity and cation calculated from the highest class achieved. obesity. Independent variables were social class, age Housing conditions and consumer durables were and physical measurements. Age, which is the major assessed as described by Raman Kutty. 12 Social class confounding factor, was then added to the equation 1 was considered highest and 4 lowest. Salt intake and odds ratios determined and tabulated. Odds was assessed with the help of a salt measure by mearatios were calculated for hypertension last, after suring the salt used in cooking of food and added adding BMI, salt and alcohol intakes, smoking and during eating by each subject. sedentary lifestyle to the equation. All P values were Physical examination included measurements of two-tailed and significance was taken as P height, weight and BP. Body weights were measured by the dietitian independently in light underclothes to the nearest 0.5 kg. Height was measured in standing Results position. BP (systolic and diastolic phase V The overall prevalence of hypertension 25 years of Korotkoff) was measured while seated in the right age using the JNC V criteria ( 140/90 mm Hg) was arm after 5 min rest with a standard mercury man- 20.8% each in men and women. There was an age ometer by the same physician in all subjects. When dependent increase in the prevalence of hyperten- a high BP ( 140/90 mm Hg) was noted, a final read- sion in both sexes. When classified according to ing was recorded in the lying position after a 5 min WHO criteria ( 160/95 mm Hg), the prevalence of rest as per WHO guidelines. 11 A 12-lead electrocar- hypertension was less than one quarter than the diogram was recorded in all subjects. rates according to JNC V criteria in both men (20.8 vs 5.1%) as well as in women (20.8 vs 4.2%). Only 22 patients (12 males and 10 females) were known hypertensives, and of these only one third were taking Diagnostic criteria regular treatment (Table 1). The mean systolic and diastolic BPs were significantly associated with The diagnosis of hypertension was made when systolic age in both sexes (Table 2). BP (SBP) was 140 mm Hg or more or diastolic A lowering of SES from social class 1 to social BP (DBP) was 90 mm Hg or more as per guidelines class 4 was associated with a significant declining of the US National Health and Nutrition assessment trend in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk survey. 13 Figures for the older WHO criteria factors (Tables 3 5). No such trend was observed for ( 160/95 mm Hg) were also recorded. BMI was cal- salt, alcohol and tobacco intake. There was a significant culated and obesity defined as a BMI of 27 kg/m 2, positive rank correlation of the social class and overweight as a BMI 25 kg/m 2. Figures for cri- with BMI (r = 0.12, P 0.01 for men and r = 0.09, teria laid down by the Indian Consensus Group 14 for P 0.05 for women) and sedentary lifestyle overweight ( 23 kg/m 2 ) were also calculated. (r = 0.13, P 0.01 for men, and r = 0.11, P 0.05 In India, cigarette, beedies, Indian pipes, raw tobacco for women). and chewing tobacco are commonly consumed Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done and people use tobacco in more than one form. We to determine the association of social class with therefore categorised users of any form of tobacco as hypertension ( 140/90) and the prevalence of its smokers as was done in other studies. 12 Beedies are risk factors (Table 6). The results showed a signifi- a type of cigarette in which leaf is used for paper. cant positive association of level of social class with Subjects who admitted to drinking alcohol more the age adjusted prevalence of hypertension, and than once a week (at least 300 ml beer or 60 ml indi- risk factors of hypertension obesity and overweight ginous or factory made whisky) were categorized as and sedentary lifestyle in both men and women. alcohol consuming. Physical activity was assessed Only weak but significant association was observed from occupational and spare time activities. According with salt, smoking and alcohol intake. Adding BMI, to Paffenberger et al, 15 a person is considered sedentary lifestyle, smoking and salt intake to the as leading a sedentary lifestyle if he or she walks equation negated the association of social classes 14.5 km a week, climbs fewer than 20 flights of with the prevalence of hypertension in both males stairs a week and performs no moderately vigorous (odds ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.81, 1.14, and females physical activity on 5 days a week. (odds ratio 0.73, 95% CI ).

3 Table 1 Age distribution of subjects with hypertension 53 Age groups Men Women Subjects WHO n (%) JNC V n (%) Subjects WHO n (%) JNC V n (%) (2.6) 25 (8.3) (1.7) 29 (8.2) (4.0) 45 (15.2) (2.6) 44 (16.6) (6.7) 46 (25.8) (6.6) 42 (25.4) (8.3) 40 (33.3) 96 8 (8.3) 36 (37.5) (8.8) 49 (54.4) 76 8 (10.5) 47 (61.8) Total between years (4.7) 156 (17.4) (3.6) 151 (17.2) Total (5.1) 205 (20.8) (4.2) 198 (20.8) 2 for trend P JNC V = Joint National Committee V guidelines. Table 2 Blood pressure levels in various age groups Age groups (years) Men Women No Systolic Diastolic No Systolic Diastolic (10) 72 (7) (9) 70 (7) (11) 75 (8) (10) 73 (8) (12) 78 (9) (11) 76 (9) (12) 84 (10) (12) 81 (10) (16) 85 (12) (14) 83 (11) Total between (15) 76 (13) (16) 73 (12) Total (18) 77 (15) (17) 74 (11) Pearson s r Regression coefficient Kendall s Values are expressed as mean (s.d. mm Hg. P for all differences. Table 3 Social class and prevalence of hypertension Mean (n = 984) Women (n = 951) No WHO JNC V No WHO JNC V Table 4 Prevalence of risk factors of hypertension in men and women Men Women Total (n = 984) (n = 951) (n = 1935) Social class Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) (12.5) 80 (50.0) (13.0) 63 (48) (5.0) 50 (5.2) 100 (5.2) (9.7) 75 (45.7) (10.2) 65 (47) (10.8) 110 (11.6) 216 (11.2) (3.1) 32 (10) (2.2) 45 (14) (23.4) 232 (24.4) 462 (23.8) (1.2) 18 (5) (0.6) 25 (7) Sedentary lifestyle 140 (14.3) 232 (24.4) 372 (19.2) Mantel Alcohol intake 47 (4.8) 47 (2.4) Haenzel 2 ( once/week) P value Salt intake ( 8 g/day) 652 (66.2) 610 (64.1) 1262 (65.2) Tobacco users 320 (32.5) 60 (6.3) 380 (19.6) Family history 6 (0.6) 5 (0.5) 11 (0.5) Regular moderate physical activity Discussion Spare time 106 (10.8) 50 (5.2) 156 (8.0) Occupational 452 (45.9) 550 (57.8) 1002 (51.8) This study showed that the prevalence of hypertension ( 140/90) and its risk factors were significantly associated with level of SES in a cohort of rural population in North India. Social class 1 and 2 were India because in most studies, only economic status associated with a higher prevalence of JNC V hypertension. has been considered as the sole attribute of social This relation persisted after adjustment of class. 6 8,16 In one study from South India all other age but declined after the addition of other lifestyle attributes of social class were duly considered to characteristics in a multivariate analysis. Over- classify the SES. 12 However, no attempt was made weight and obesity and sedentary lifestyle were also to classify hypertension and its risk factors accord- more prevalent among social class 1 and 2 subjects. ing to social class. One study 6 from central India in However, physical activity was greater among social 448 subjects showed that hypertension was more class 3 and 4 subjects. prevalent among high income group and education The results of the Indian Social Class and Heart was not associated with hypertension. Another Survey cannot be compared with other studies from study 16 among 3340 industrial workers and 1008

4 54 Table 5 Prevalence of risk factors of hypertension in relation to socioeconomic status No BMI Sedentary Salt intake Alcohol Tobacco users ( 23 kg/m 2 ) lifestyle ( 8 g/day) ( once/week) Males n (%) Social class (62) 60 (37) 106 (66) 6 (4.0) 50 (31) (58) 45 (27) 110 (67) 7 (4.2) 55 (33) (7) 20 (6) 218 (69) 16 (5.0) 105 (33) (4) 15 (4) 218 (64) 18 (5.2) 110 (32) Mantel-Haenzel P value Females n (%) Social class (81) 106 (82) 96 (74) 10 (8) (71) 94 (69) 100 (73) 8 (6) (6) 20 (6) 203 (63) 20 (3) (3) 12 (3) 213 (59) 022 (5) Mantel-Haenzel P value Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment buy expensive animal foods, sugar, fat and other of age for association of various risk factors with prevalence of luxury foods and have physically demanding occuhypertension explained by socioeconomic status pations. However, social class 1 and 2 subjects have Men Women easy access to above foods, are mostly sedentary and Odds ratio Odds ratio therefore coronary risk factors are more common (95% CI) (95% CI) among higher social classes. Multivariate analysis of our data after inclusion of physical characteristics Hypertension 1.09 (1.05, 1.14)* 1.08 (1.05, 1.13)* and smoking nullified the association of social class Body mass index 1.12 (1.08, 1.18)** 1.11 (1.06, 1.16)** with the prevalence of hypertension. The findings Sedentary lifestyle 1.45 (1.32, 1.58)* 1.38 (1.26, 1.49)* Alcohol 1.27 (1.07, 1.56) indicate that any apparent SES differences were Salt intake 1.31 (1.08, 1.62) 1.28 (1.06, 1.72) mediated by other variables and not through SES per Smoking 1.35 (1.02, 1.88) 1.82 (0.85, 1.57) se in increasing the risk of hypertension. We observed that sedentary lifestyle and higher BMI *P 0.01; **P 0.001; P = were significantly associated with social class and were significant risk factors of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension ( 160/95) in this professionals showed that hypertension ( 160/95) study is comparable with other studies from rural was significantly higher among professionals than areas. 6,7 According to the JNC V criteria, hypertenindustrial workers (14.1 vs 2.6%). Mean systolic and sion was prevalent in 20.8% each in men and diastolic BPs were significantly higher among higher women. Cross-sectional surveys in countries with income subgroups compared to lower income sub- different cultures and at various stages of economic groups in both industrial and professional subjects. development have shown a consistent relationship The professionals had higher income and education between age and BP. This study showed a rising than the industrial workers. In a recent study among trend in the prevalence of hypertension and age-spe- 595 elderly urban subjects, the prevalence of hyper- cific BP with increase in age in both sexes. However, tension ( 160/95) was significantly higher among contrary to developed populations 20 the average SBP middle and higher income groups than lower in the seventh decade were 134 mm Hg in men and income groups mm Hg in women. In our study, the DBP did Contrary to these studies, a recent study 17 from not decrease after the fifth decade, instead it showed West India reported that illiteracy and lack of edu- some increase, more so in females (Table 2). In unaccation were independently associated with hyper- cultured societies, BP may not change with age. tension and CHD. These findings are consistent with They acquire a predisposition to age related increase the observations made in developed countries. 1 3 A after adoption of lifestyle resembling that of the recent American Heart Association scientific state- affluent societies. It seems that in rural population ment on socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular of India the transition from poverty to affluence has disease reiterated that coronary risk factors have just started. become more prevalent among uneducated people In conclusion, the present study has shown that and people of low social class. 18 Studies from other the prevalence of hypertension was significantly developing countries have not analysed data accord- associated with higher social classes. BMI and seding to social class. 9 In Sri Lanka, 19 lower social class entary lifestyle were significant risk factors of hyperwas not associated with CHD and its relation with tension. The prevalence of hypertension has become hypertension was not examined. In developing a public health problem in the rural population of countries, people in lower social class are unable to North India.

5 References aged males in a defined population in central Sri Lanka. Int J Cardiol 1994; 46: Rogot E, Sorlie PD, Johnson N. A mortality study of Whelton PK. Epidemiology of hypertension. Lancet million persons by demographic, social and economic 1994; 344: factors: 1979 to 1985 follow-up. Bethesda, MD, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH Publication No , Appendix 2 Pappas G, Gueen S, Hadden W, Fisher G. The increas- Classification of socioeconomic status in a rural ing disparity in mortality between socio-economic population of India groups in the United States, 1960 and N Engl J Med 1993; 329: The following characteristics were used for this 3 Rose G, Marmot MJ. Social class and coronary heart classification. disease. Br Heart J 1981; 45: Keil JE et al. Hypertension in Punjab females. Com- (a) Education parisons between migrants to London and natives in (b) Occupation India. Human Biol 1980; 52: (c) Per capita income 5 Bhatanagar D et al. Coronary risk factors in people (d) Land holding from Indian subcontinent living in West London and (e) Ownership of consumer durables their siblings in India. Lancet 1995; 345: (f) Housing condition 6 Joshi PP, Kate SK, Shegokar V. Blood pressure trends and lifestyle risk factors in rural India. J Asso Phys (a) Education India 1993; 41: , if all members of family uneducated; 7 Hussain SA, Nayak KC, Gupta A. A study of preva- 3, if one or more educated up to class V; lence of hypertension with reference to economic, educational, environmental and hereditary factors in gen- 2, if educated up to class X; eral population of North-West Rajasthan. Indian Heart 1, if all members educated beyond class X. J 1988; 40: Singh RB et al. Epidemiological study of coronary (b) Occupation artery disease and its risk factors in an elderly urban 4, if all members of family are labourers; population of North India. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14: 3, if any one member is a skilled worker; , if any one member supervisors and all other mem- 9 INCLEN Multicentre Collaborative Group. Risk factors bers work in farms; for cardiovascular disease in the developing world. A 1, if the subject is professional or supervises farmmulticentre collaborative study in the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN). J Clin Epidemiol ing. 1992; 45: Singh RB et al. Social class and coronary artery disease (c) Per capita monthly income in a rural population of North India: The Indian Social 4, if irregular income; too poor to buy food; Class and Heart Survey. Euro Heart J 1997; (in press). 3, if Rs. 300; 11 Rose G, Blackburn H, Gillum R, Prineas RJ. Cardio- 2, if Rs ; vascular Survey Methods, Geneva, World Health 1, if Rs Organization, Raman Kutty V, Balakrishnan KG, Jayasree AK, (d) Land holding Thomas J. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the rural population of Thiruananthapuram district Ker- 4, if family owned 0.11 acre of land; ala, India. Int J Cardiol 1993; 39: , if family owned 0.11 to 5 acres of land; 13 The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on 2, if family owned 5 12 acres of land; detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood 1, if family owned 12 acres of land. pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: Indian Consensus Group Indian Consensus for preven- (e) Ownership of consumer durables tion of hypertension and coronary artery disease: A 4, if family had no consumer durables; scientific statement of the Indian Society of Hyperten- 3, if family had cycle/sewing machine/radio, 2 3 sion and International College of Nutrition. J Nutr animals for farm work or milk; Environ Med 1996; 6: Paffenberger RS et al. The association of changes in 2, if family had motor cycle/television/tractor and physical activity level and other lifestyle character- 2 5 animals for farm work and milk; istics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med 1993; 1, if family had tractor/jeep and several animals 328: for milk. 16 Sharma BK et al. Hypertension among the industrial workers and professional classes in Ludhiana, Punjab. (f) Housing condition Indian Heart J 1985; 37: , if 1 2 room accommodation made of mud and 17 Gupta R, Gupta VP, Ahluwalia NS. Educational status, thatched; coronary heart disease and coronary risk factor preva- 3, if 1 2 room house made of bricks and roof made lence in rural population of India. Br Med J 1993; 309: of wood and mud and animal living in the same place; 18 Kaplan GA, Keil JE. Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature. AHA 2, if 2 5 rooms house made of bricks and separate medical/scientific statement. Circulation 1993; 88: compound for animals; , if house had more than 2 rooms made of bricks 19 Mendis S, Ekanayake EMTKB. Prevalence of coronary with concrete roof and separate compound for heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in middle animals. 55

6 56 Hypertension and social class in India If family or subject was eligible for a high score, we ignored the lower scorings. Each attribute was given Socioeconomic status Total score equal weightage. The score of each subject or house- (SES) groups hold as a fraction of maximum possible and for each characteristic calculated to construct socioeconomic SES groups from total scores. Maximum score was 16 SES SES and minimum 4 indicating social class 1 4. SES-4 4,

IDSP-NCD Risk Factor Survey

IDSP-NCD Risk Factor Survey Sumary: Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey, 2007-08, Phase-I states of India IDSP-NCD Risk Factor Survey Fact Sheet - India Phase - I States State AP MP MH MZ KE TN UTK Population Household surveyed

More information

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension, among adults residing in an urban area of North India

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension, among adults residing in an urban area of North India Available online at www.ijpab.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCE ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 3 (2): 338-344 (2015) Research Article Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension,

More information

Prevalence of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Urban Population of Siliguri, West Bengal

Prevalence of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Urban Population of Siliguri, West Bengal Original Article Prevalence of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Urban Population of Siliguri, West Bengal Sukanta Mandal, Joyti Bikash Saha, Sankar Chandra Mandal 1, Rudra Nath Bhattacharya, Manashi Chakraborty,

More information

International J. of Healthcare & Biomedical Research, Volume: 1, Issue: 3, April 2013, Pages

International J. of Healthcare & Biomedical Research, Volume: 1, Issue: 3, April 2013, Pages Prevalence of hypertension in an urban and rural area of Jaipur District *KAMLESH KUMAR, * R.P. KOTHARI, *KUNAL KOTHARI, *SUMEET GARG, *MANOJ KUMAR KHANDELWAL, **RESHU GUPTA DEPTT.OF MEDICINE* & PHYSIOLOGY**

More information

CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION

CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION 3.1 BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have reached epidemic proportions

More information

Prevalence, awareness of hypertension in rural areas of Kurnool

Prevalence, awareness of hypertension in rural areas of Kurnool Original article: Prevalence, awareness of hypertension in rural areas of Kurnool Dr. Sudhakar Babu*, Dr.Aruna MS** *Associate Professor, Dept of Community Medicine, Vishwa Bharathi Medical College Kurnool,

More information

RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN INDIA AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN INDIA AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Health and Population - Perspectives and Issues 37 (1 & 2), 40-49, 2014 RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERTENSION IN INDIA AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FuJun Wang*, V. K. Tiwari** and Hao Wang*** ABSTRACT To identify

More information

Prevalence of hypertension, its correlates and levels of awareness in Rural Wardha, Central India

Prevalence of hypertension, its correlates and levels of awareness in Rural Wardha, Central India ABSTRACT Prevalence of hypertension, its correlates and levels of awareness in Rural Wardha, Central India PR DESHMUKH*, SS GUPTA*, MS BHARAMBE*, C MALIYE*, S KAUR*, BS GARG* Objective: To study the prevalence,

More information

Screening of cardiovascular risk factors among, urban, semiurban, and rural residents in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir

Screening of cardiovascular risk factors among, urban, semiurban, and rural residents in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir Research Article Screening of cardiovascular risk factors among, urban, semiurban, and rural residents in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir Sushil Kumar Sharma 1, Arvind Kohli 2,Vineeta Sawhney 3, Nasir

More information

EFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE DIETARY INTAKE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ADULTS IN BAYELSA STATE

EFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE DIETARY INTAKE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ADULTS IN BAYELSA STATE EFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE DIETARY INTAKE ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ADULTS IN BAYELSA STATE 1 Dr. Olusegun, A. Kuforiji & 2 John Samuel 1 Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa

More information

A Study on Identification of Socioeconomic Variables Associated with Non-Communicable Diseases Among Bangladeshi Adults

A Study on Identification of Socioeconomic Variables Associated with Non-Communicable Diseases Among Bangladeshi Adults American Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018; 4(3): 24-29 http://www.aascit.org/journal/ajbse ISSN: 2381-103X (Print); ISSN: 2381-1048 (Online) A Study on Identification of Socioeconomic

More information

Prevalance of Lifestyle Associated Risk Factor for Non- Communicable Diseases among Young Male Population in Urban Slum Area At Mayapuri, New Delhi

Prevalance of Lifestyle Associated Risk Factor for Non- Communicable Diseases among Young Male Population in Urban Slum Area At Mayapuri, New Delhi IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 7 Ver. 17 (July. 2018), PP 59-64 www.iosrjournals.org Prevalance of Lifestyle Associated Risk

More information

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Developmental Perspectives on Health Disparities from Conception Through Adulthood Risk Factors for Heart Disease Philip Greenland, MD Harry W. Dingman Professor Chair, Department of Preventive Medicine

More information

Page down (pdf converstion error)

Page down (pdf converstion error) 1 of 6 2/10/2005 7:57 PM Weekly August6, 1999 / 48(30);649-656 2 of 6 2/10/2005 7:57 PM Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Decline in Deaths from Heart Disease and Stroke -- United States, 1900-1999

More information

Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal

Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal Koju R, Gurung R, Pant P, Humagain S, Yogol CM, Koju A, Manandhar K, Karmacharya B, Bedi TRS Address for Correspondence:

More information

Prevalence of Hypertension in Semi-Urban area of Nepal

Prevalence of Hypertension in Semi-Urban area of Nepal ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prevalence of Hypertension in Semi-Urban area of Nepal Koju R*, Manandhar K*, Gurung R*, Pant P*, Bedi TRS* *Department of Internal Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital KUH ABSTRACT Hypertension

More information

Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka: a national survey

Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka: a national survey Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka Prevalence and associations of overweight among adult women in Sri Lanka: a national survey Renuka Jayatissa 1, S M Moazzem Hossain

More information

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY ORIGINAL ARTICLE. EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY Pragti Chhabra 1, Sunil K Chhabra 2 1 Professor, Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences,

More information

An Epidemiological Study of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in Rural Population of Bangalore Rural District

An Epidemiological Study of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in Rural Population of Bangalore Rural District AJMS Al Ameen J Med Sci (2 012 )5 (3 ):2 6 4-2 7 0 (A US National Library of Medicine enlisted journal) I S S N 0 9 7 4-1 1 4 3 C O D E N : A A J M B G ORIGI NAL ARTICLE An Epidemiological Study of Hypertension

More information

Increased variance in blood pressure distribution and changing hypertension. prevalence in an urban Indian population. In

Increased variance in blood pressure distribution and changing hypertension. prevalence in an urban Indian population. In (23) 17, 535 54 & 23 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 95-924/3 $25. www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Increased variance in blood pressure distribution and changing hypertension prevalence

More information

ijcrr Vol 03 issue 08 Category: Research Received on:10/05/11 Revised on:27/05/11 Accepted on:07/06/11

ijcrr Vol 03 issue 08 Category: Research Received on:10/05/11 Revised on:27/05/11 Accepted on:07/06/11 PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN SOME OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS OF BIJAPUR CITY M C Yadavannavar 1, Shailaja S Patil 1, Veena Algur 1 ijcrr Vol 03 issue 08 Category: Research Received on:10/05/11 Revised on:27/05/11

More information

Original article Effects of lifestyle interventions in adults with pre- hypertension and hypertension - an interventional study

Original article Effects of lifestyle interventions in adults with pre- hypertension and hypertension - an interventional study Original article Effects of lifestyle interventions in adults with pre- hypertension and hypertension - an interventional study Dr. Velavan. A, Dr. Anil J Purty, Dr. Murugan. N, Dr. Zile Singh Name of

More information

Evaluation of blood pressure in school children aged years

Evaluation of blood pressure in school children aged years International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Nadesan B et al. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017 Jul;4(4):1218-1224 http://www.ijpediatrics.com pissn 2349-3283 eissn 2349-3291 Original Research Article DOI:

More information

Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in the rural community of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India

Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in the rural community of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India Research Article Prevalence and correlates of hypertension in the rural community of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India Animesh Gupta 1, Krutarth Brahmbhatt 2, Prasanna Kumar Sharma 2, Annasaheb Basappa

More information

A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY INDICES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN YOUNG ADULT MEDICAL STUDENTS

A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY INDICES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN YOUNG ADULT MEDICAL STUDENTS Original Article A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY INDICES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN YOUNG ADULT MEDICAL STUDENTS Renu Lohitashwa, Parwati Patil ABSTRACT Overweight

More information

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN Antima Galav 1, Rekha Bhatanagar

More information

QR Code for Mobile users

QR Code for Mobile users Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension, at Sriganganagar city of Rajasthan India. Sudeep Bhardwaj a, Parveen P Balgir b, Rajesh K Goel* c a: Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.L Bihani S.D College of

More information

PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS RISK FACTORS IN RURAL AREA OF NAGPUR

PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS RISK FACTORS IN RURAL AREA OF NAGPUR ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS RISK FACTORS IN RURAL AREA OF NAGPUR Umesh

More information

RESEARCH ARTICLE. Abbasi et al., IJAVMS, Vol. 6, Issue 5, 2012: DOI: /ijavms.24458

RESEARCH ARTICLE. Abbasi et al., IJAVMS, Vol. 6, Issue 5, 2012: DOI: /ijavms.24458 RESEARCH ARTICLE Abbasi et al., IJAVMS, Vol. 6, Issue 5, : 385-39 DOI:.5455/ijavms.4458 Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Government Servants of Muzaffarabad, the Capital

More information

Optimizing risk assessment of total cardiovascular risk What are the tools? Lars Rydén Professor Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden

Optimizing risk assessment of total cardiovascular risk What are the tools? Lars Rydén Professor Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden Optimizing risk assessment of total cardiovascular risk What are the tools? Lars Rydén Professor Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (CVD) Three Strategies for CVD

More information

Awareness of Hypertension, Risk Factors and Complications among Attendants of a Primary Health Care Center In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Awareness of Hypertension, Risk Factors and Complications among Attendants of a Primary Health Care Center In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 6, Issue 1 Ver. VIII (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 16-21 www.iosrjournals.org Awareness of Hypertension, Risk

More information

Original article: A study on the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a coastal district of Karnataka, South India

Original article: A study on the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a coastal district of Karnataka, South India Original article: A study on the prevalence of among young adults in a coastal district of Karnataka, South India Reddy VS 1, Jacob GP 2, Ballala K 3, Ravi C 4, Ravi B 5, Gandhi P 6, Tadkal P 7, Singh

More information

Modelling Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk among people with Diabetes

Modelling Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk among people with Diabetes Modelling Reduction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk among people with Diabetes Katherine Baldock Catherine Chittleborough Patrick Phillips Anne Taylor August 2007 Acknowledgements This project was made

More information

Depok-Indonesia STEPS Survey 2003

Depok-Indonesia STEPS Survey 2003 The STEPS survey of chronic disease risk factors in Indonesia/Depok was carried out from February 2003 to March 2003. Indonesia/Depok carried out Step 1, Step 2 and Step 3. Socio demographic and behavioural

More information

I t is established that regular light to moderate drinking is

I t is established that regular light to moderate drinking is 32 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE Taking up regular drinking in middle age: effect on major coronary heart disease events and mortality S G Wannamethee, A G Shaper... See end of article for authors affiliations...

More information

Serum sodium and potassium levels in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri

Serum sodium and potassium levels in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri Original Research Article Serum sodium and potassium levels in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri Murugan 1, Sathvika 2* 1 Professor, 2

More information

Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors

Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors 98 Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr (2002) 11(2): 98 103 Original Article Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors Kanala KR Reddy PhD, FICN, Alahari P Rao PhD and Thavanati

More information

Prevalence study of hypertension among adults in an urban area of Jammu

Prevalence study of hypertension among adults in an urban area of Jammu 2014; 3 (2): 143-147 Available online at: www.jsirjournal.com Research Article ISSN 2320-4818 JSIR 2014; 3(2): 143-147 2014, All rights reserved Received: 01-03-2014 Accepted: 30-04-2014 Dr. Renu Rani

More information

Metabolic Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Diabetic Hypertensives and Normotensives

Metabolic Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Diabetic Hypertensives and Normotensives Kamla-Raj 2013 J Life Sci, 5(1): 23-28 (2013) Metabolic Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Diabetic Hypertensives and Normotensives T. M. Reddy 1, K. S. N. Reddy 2, K. K. Reddy 2, D. Anwar Basha 2 and

More information

ARIC Manuscript Proposal # PC Reviewed: 2/10/09 Status: A Priority: 2 SC Reviewed: Status: Priority:

ARIC Manuscript Proposal # PC Reviewed: 2/10/09 Status: A Priority: 2 SC Reviewed: Status: Priority: ARIC Manuscript Proposal # 1475 PC Reviewed: 2/10/09 Status: A Priority: 2 SC Reviewed: Status: Priority: 1.a. Full Title: Hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and risk of incident hospitalized

More information

Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States:

Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States: Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States: 1996-2000 Jun Yang, MD, PhD and Gary Giovino, PhD Roswell Park Cancer Institute Elm and Carlton Streets Buffalo, NY 14263, USA Society for Research

More information

Effectiveness of Cardiac Walking on Blood Pressure Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Effectiveness of Cardiac Walking on Blood Pressure Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Available online at www.ijpcr.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2017; 9(2): 118-122 DOI number: 10.25258/ijpcr.v9i1.8293 Research Article IN- 0975 1556 Effectiveness of

More information

An epidemiological study to find the prevalence and socio-demographic profile of overweight and obesity in private school children, Mumbai

An epidemiological study to find the prevalence and socio-demographic profile of overweight and obesity in private school children, Mumbai Research Article An epidemiological study to find the prevalence and socio-demographic profile of overweight and obesity in private school children, Mumbai Suvarna S Kalyankar-Sonawane, Vijaykumar Singh

More information

Epidemiologic Measure of Association

Epidemiologic Measure of Association Measures of Disease Occurrence: Epidemiologic Measure of Association Basic Concepts Confidence Interval for population characteristic: Disease Exposure Present Absent Total Yes A B N 1 = A+B No C D N 2

More information

Socioeconomic status and the 25x25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study of 1.7 million men and women

Socioeconomic status and the 25x25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study of 1.7 million men and women Socioeconomic status and the 25x25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study of 1.7 million men and women (Lancet. 2017 Mar 25;389(10075):1229-1237) 1 Silvia STRINGHINI Senior

More information

IMPACT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON AGE APPROPRIATE IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS IN SLUMS OF AMRITSAR CITY (PUNJAB), INDIA

IMPACT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON AGE APPROPRIATE IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS IN SLUMS OF AMRITSAR CITY (PUNJAB), INDIA ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org IMPACT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON AGE APPROPRIATE IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS IN SLUMS OF AMRITSAR CITY (PUNJAB),

More information

THE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL DISTRIBUTION, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YEREVAN (ARMENIA)

THE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL DISTRIBUTION, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YEREVAN (ARMENIA) THE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol.5 (2011), Nо 2, p.29-34 DISTRIBUTION, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YEREVAN (ARMENIA) Zelveian P.H. 1, 2, Podosyan G.A. 2 1 Institute

More information

Coronary heart disease has assumed epidemic proportions

Coronary heart disease has assumed epidemic proportions Original Article Serial Epidemiological Surveys in an Urban Indian Population Demonstrate Increasing Coronary Risk Factors Among the Lower Socioeconomic Strata R Gupta, VP Gupta, M Sarna, H Prakash, Shweta

More information

Amruth M, Sagorika Mullick, Balakrishna AG, Prabhudeva MC

Amruth M, Sagorika Mullick, Balakrishna AG, Prabhudeva MC Research Article Assessment of awareness about cardiovascular disease risk factors and association between overweight and family of cardiovascular disease among first-year medical of a medical college

More information

Study of cardiovascular risk factor profile among first-degree relatives of patients with premature coronary artery disease at Kota, Rajasthan, India

Study of cardiovascular risk factor profile among first-degree relatives of patients with premature coronary artery disease at Kota, Rajasthan, India International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Mittal D et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Jul;3(7):1894-1899 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Research Article

More information

Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension, Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults 1

Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension, Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults 1 DRAFT 15 November 2007 the silent killer: hypertension in los angeles county adults Introduction Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is often called the silent killer because many people have the disease

More information

A Needs Assessment of Hypertension in Georgia

A Needs Assessment of Hypertension in Georgia A Needs Assessment of Hypertension in Georgia Faye Lopez Mercer University School of Medicine Marylen Rimando Mercer University School of Medicine Harshali Khapekar Mercer University School of Medicine

More information

Analyzing diastolic and systolic blood pressure individually or jointly?

Analyzing diastolic and systolic blood pressure individually or jointly? Analyzing diastolic and systolic blood pressure individually or jointly? Chenglin Ye a, Gary Foster a, Lisa Dolovich b, Lehana Thabane a,c a. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster

More information

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention (2000) 14, 749 763 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0950-9240/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/jhh REVIEW ARTICLE : prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention RB

More information

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received Participant Follow-up in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) After Initial Detection Allan J. Collins, MD, FACP, 1,2 Suying Li, PhD, 1 Shu-Cheng Chen, MS, 1 and Joseph A. Vassalotti, MD 3,4 Background:

More information

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Central Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Fundamentals, Vol. 07, Issue 01, October 2014 WWW..COM ISSN: 2278-3997 Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

More information

Original Research Article

Original Research Article A STUDY TO ESTIMATE SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS BY MEASURING THE CAROTID INTIMAL MEDIAL THICKNESS Natarajan Kandasamy 1, Rajan Ganesan 2, Thilakavathi Rajendiran

More information

International model for prevention of chronic disease: Finland experience

International model for prevention of chronic disease: Finland experience International model for prevention of chronic disease: Finland experience Erkki Vartiainen, MD, Professor, Assistant Director General 06/12/2011 Erkki Vartiainen 1 2 Start of the North Karelia project

More information

Comparison of coronary heart disease stratification using the Jakarta cardiovascular score between main office and site office workers

Comparison of coronary heart disease stratification using the Jakarta cardiovascular score between main office and site office workers Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Comparison of coronary heart disease stratification using the Jakarta cardiovascular score between main office and site office workers To cite this

More information

The Whitehall II study originally comprised 10,308 (3413 women) individuals who, at

The Whitehall II study originally comprised 10,308 (3413 women) individuals who, at Supplementary notes on Methods The study originally comprised 10,308 (3413 women) individuals who, at recruitment in 1985/8, were London-based government employees (civil servants) aged 35 to 55 years.

More information

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE WELCOMES

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE WELCOMES DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE WELCOMES 1 Dr.Mohamed Omar Shariff, 2 nd Year Post Graduate, Department of General Medicine. DR.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital. 2 INTRODUCTION Leading cause of global

More information

Age Specific Relation of Blood Pressure with Anthropometric Variables among years Punjabi Female Youth of Amritsar City in Punjab, India

Age Specific Relation of Blood Pressure with Anthropometric Variables among years Punjabi Female Youth of Amritsar City in Punjab, India Kamla-Raj 2009 Anthropologist, 11(3): 207-211 (2009) Age Specific Relation of Blood Pressure with Anthropometric Variables among 19-24 years Punjabi Female Youth of Amritsar City in Punjab, India Badaruddoza,

More information

Prevalence of Pre Hypertension Among the Women Aged Years in Coastal and Non Coastal Areas

Prevalence of Pre Hypertension Among the Women Aged Years in Coastal and Non Coastal Areas 2016 IJSRST Volume 2 Issue 5 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Prevalence of Pre Hypertension Among the Women Aged 20-60 Years in Coastal and Non Coastal

More information

Diet-Related Factors, Educational Levels and Blood Pressure in a Chinese Population Sample: Findings from the Japan-China Cooperative Research Project

Diet-Related Factors, Educational Levels and Blood Pressure in a Chinese Population Sample: Findings from the Japan-China Cooperative Research Project 559 Original Article Diet-Related Factors, Educational Levels and Blood Pressure in a Chinese Population Sample: Findings from the Japan-China Cooperative Research Project Yukio YAMORI 1, Longjian LIU

More information

Original Research Article. ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) DOI: /sajb *Corresponding author Mary kooffreh

Original Research Article. ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) DOI: /sajb *Corresponding author Mary kooffreh DOI: 10.21276/sajb.2016.4.7.3 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2016; 4(7):565-570 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic

More information

Prevalence of overweight among urban and rural areas of Punjab

Prevalence of overweight among urban and rural areas of Punjab Original article : Prevalence of overweight among urban and rural areas of Punjab *Ramandeep Kaur 1, Promila Mehta 2 and Ginjinder Kaur 3 1Department of Human genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab,

More information

Original Article. Gautam A.G 1, Bansal P 2, Chauhan R 3, Chadha V 4 NTRODUCTION

Original Article. Gautam A.G 1, Bansal P 2, Chauhan R 3, Chadha V 4 NTRODUCTION Original Article A Prospective Study To Know Socio-Demographic Profile In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted At A Tertiary Health Care And Teaching Hospital In Himachal Pradesh, North India

More information

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Teaching Hospital

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Teaching Hospital CODEN (USA)-IJPRUR, e-issn: 2348-6465 International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences Available online at www.pharmahealthsciences.net Original Article Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness

More information

Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Management, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults, 1999 to 2010

Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Management, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults, 1999 to 2010 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 60, No. 7, 2012 2012 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.026

More information

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk BP Salt CVD Obesity

More information

Research Article Prevalence of Hypertension and Determination of Its Risk Factors in Rural Delhi

Research Article Prevalence of Hypertension and Determination of Its Risk Factors in Rural Delhi International Hypertension Volume 2016, Article ID 7962595, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7962595 Research Article Prevalence of Hypertension and Determination of Its Risk Factors in Rural Delhi

More information

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(10):

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(10): International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 10 (2016) pp. 294-300 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.510.033

More information

SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA NUTRITION-RELATED NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE (N-RNCD) REGIONAL PROFILE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA This SPRING regional profile provides an overview of early life nutrition status and later life nutrition-related

More information

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Registered in Primary Health Care in Bahrain

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Registered in Primary Health Care in Bahrain Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Page 1 of 10 Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol.25, No.1, March 2003 Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Non-Bahraini Workers Registered in Primary

More information

ISPUB.COM. Comparing Weight Reduction and Medications in Treating Mild Hypertension: A Systematic Literature Review. S Hamlin, T Brown BACKGROUND

ISPUB.COM. Comparing Weight Reduction and Medications in Treating Mild Hypertension: A Systematic Literature Review. S Hamlin, T Brown BACKGROUND ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice Volume 3 Number 2 Comparing Weight Reduction and Medications in Treating Mild Hypertension: A Systematic Literature S Hamlin, T Brown Citation

More information

Socioeconomic patterning of Overweight and Obesity between 1998 and 2015: Evidence from India

Socioeconomic patterning of Overweight and Obesity between 1998 and 2015: Evidence from India Socioeconomic patterning of Overweight and Obesity between 1998 and 2015: Evidence from India Shammi Luhar Supervised by Lynda Clarke & Prof Sanjay Kinra The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

More information

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION 1 A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIET & LIFE STYLE ON THE INCIDENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN MODERATELY DRINKING EX MILITARY MEN IN PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT

More information

Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2

Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2 International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-issn: 2320-8163, IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR SELECTED NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG PUBLIC SECTOR OFFICE EMPLOYEES, SRI LANKA. A.K.S.H.

More information

PREVALENCE AND LIFESTYLE DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL FEMALE TEACHERS IN BASRAH

PREVALENCE AND LIFESTYLE DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL FEMALE TEACHERS IN BASRAH THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BASRAH UNIVERSITY PREVALENCE AND LIFESTYLE DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL FEMALE TEACHERS IN BASRAH Hanan A. Ali 1, Jasim N. Al-Asadi 2 ABSTRACT Background:

More information

Vascular Diseases. Overview: Selected Slides

Vascular Diseases. Overview: Selected Slides Vascular Diseases Overview: Selected Slides Total deaths and change in vascular death rates

More information

Trends In CVD, Related Risk Factors, Prevention and Control In China

Trends In CVD, Related Risk Factors, Prevention and Control In China Trends In CVD, Related Risk Factors, Prevention and Control In China Youfa Wang, MD, MS, PhD Associate Professor Center for Human Nutrition Department of International Health Department of Epidemiology

More information

Prevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors among People Attending an Exhibition

Prevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors among People Attending an Exhibition IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 3, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 4-51 Prevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors among People Attending

More information

EFFECT OF CHEWING TOBACCO ON PULMONARY FUNCTIONS IN BIKANER CITY POPULATION 1 Devendra Kumar, 2 B.K. Binawara, 3 Abhishek Acharya, 4 Bharti Maan

EFFECT OF CHEWING TOBACCO ON PULMONARY FUNCTIONS IN BIKANER CITY POPULATION 1 Devendra Kumar, 2 B.K. Binawara, 3 Abhishek Acharya, 4 Bharti Maan EFFECT OF CHEWING TOBACCO ON PULMONARY FUNCTIO IN BIKANER CITY POPULATION 1 Devendra Kumar, 2 B.K. Binawara, 3 Abhishek Acharya, 4 Bharti Maan 1 Sr. Demonstrator, 2 Professor & Head, Department of Physiology,

More information

Original Article INTRODUCTION. Yash Mitra 1,Gurmeet Singh 2,Amarjit Vij 3. PIMS Jalandhar. 3 Amarjit Vij, Prof. of Medicine PIMS Jalandhar.

Original Article INTRODUCTION. Yash Mitra 1,Gurmeet Singh 2,Amarjit Vij 3. PIMS Jalandhar. 3 Amarjit Vij, Prof. of Medicine PIMS Jalandhar. Original Article To assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding lifestyle risk factors in patients with hypertension, coming to Medicine O.P.D. at PIMS Jalandhar Yash Mitra 1,Gurmeet Singh 2,Amarjit

More information

Cohort Profile: The PROLIFE study in Kerala, India

Cohort Profile: The PROLIFE study in Kerala, India Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association ß The Author 2009; all rights reserved. Advance Access publication 8 September 2009 International Journal

More information

Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Urban and Rural Males of Amritsar

Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Urban and Rural Males of Amritsar Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Urban and Rural Males of Amritsar Sidhu, S. * and Kumari, K. ** * Department of Human Genetics, Guru anak Dev University, Amritsar (India) ** Department of Physiology,

More information

Self-Care Behaviors among women with Hypertension in Saudi Arabia

Self-Care Behaviors among women with Hypertension in Saudi Arabia IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver. III (May. - Jun. 2016), PP 52-56 www.iosrjournals.org Self-Care Behaviors among women

More information

Is socioeconomic position related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome? Influence of

Is socioeconomic position related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome? Influence of Is socioeconomic position related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome? Influence of social class across the life-course in a population-based study of older men Sheena E Ramsay, MPH 1, Peter H Whincup,

More information

Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch

Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch Rajeev Gupta 1, * and V. P. Gupta 2 1 Department of Medicine, Fortis-Escorts Hospital, Jaipur 302 017, India 2 Department of Statistics,

More information

Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, Ananthaiah Chetty N 3

Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, Ananthaiah Chetty N 3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN - Print: 2277 1522, Online: 2277-3517 Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Locality of Andhra Pradesh. Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, Ananthaiah Chetty

More information

A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension in Employees of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)

A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension in Employees of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) Hamdard Medicus 11 A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension in Employees of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) Abdul Haseeb Ansari, Mohammed Zulkifle and Mohammed Shakir Department of Tahaffuzi

More information

An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh.

An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh. An evaluation of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension across urban population of Bangladesh. Md. Golam Hasnain 1 Monjura Akter 2 1. Research Investigator,

More information

Original Article. Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish Joshi 2, Trilochan Sahu 3

Original Article. Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish Joshi 2, Trilochan Sahu 3 Original Article Mobile based intervention for reduction of coronary heart disease risk factors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital of India Lipilekha Patnaik 1*, Ashish

More information

ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEX AND NUTRITIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS

ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEX AND NUTRITIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEX AND NUTRITIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS ANJNA NEMA DEPARTMENT OF HOME SCIENCE, GOVT. AUTO GIRLS P.G. COLLEGE OF EXCELLENCE SAGAR (M.P.), INDIA. ABSTRACT Girls are

More information

Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Adult Population (25-64 years) of Nellore, India

Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Adult Population (25-64 years) of Nellore, India Original Article www. ijrdh.com ISSN: 2321 1431 Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Adult Population (25-64 years) of Nellore, India COMMUNITY MEDICINE Prabakaran J 1, Vijayalakshmi N 2, VenkataRao

More information

Variation of blood pressure among the adolescent students Mushroor S 1, Islam MZ 2, Amir RA 3, Ahmed N 4, Amin MR 5

Variation of blood pressure among the adolescent students Mushroor S 1, Islam MZ 2, Amir RA 3, Ahmed N 4, Amin MR 5 Original Article Variation of blood pressure among the adolescent students Mushroor S 1, Islam MZ 2, Amir RA 3, Ahmed N 4, Amin MR 5 Abstract The increase in the burden of chronic disease associated with

More information

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Current Knowledge, Future Directions

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Current Knowledge, Future Directions Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Current Knowledge, Future Directions Daniel Levy, MD Director, Framingham Heart Study Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine Editor-in-Chief, Journal

More information

BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN M. Verma J. Chhatwal S.M. George ABSTRACT The study was conducted in an industrial and prosperous city of Punjab to evaluate the biophysical profile

More information

Impact of Lifestyle Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk of High Risk Patients with Low Levels of HDL C

Impact of Lifestyle Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk of High Risk Patients with Low Levels of HDL C Impact of Lifestyle Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk of High Risk Patients with Low Levels of HDL C Thomas P. Bersot, M.D., Ph.D. Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease University

More information

Primary and Secondary Prevention of Diverticular Disease

Primary and Secondary Prevention of Diverticular Disease Primary and Secondary Prevention of Diverticular Disease Walid.H. Aldoori Wyeth Consumer Healthcare Inc. CANADA Falk Symposium Diverticular Disease: Emerging Evidence in a Common Condition Munich, June

More information