Contents. page xii. .'" Tom E. Peck. Section 1. Mathematical principles. Section 2. Physical principles

Transcription

1 i ~:kj owledgements "dace r \\'ord to the second edition P-l{e,sor Peter Hutton Clr word to the first edition.'" Tom E. Peck page xii xiii xv xvii '1troduction Section 1. Mathematical principles. lathematical relationships :_'\ponential relationships and logarithms Integration and differentiation Ph;'sical measurement and calibration. he 51 units _ on-51 units and conversion factors Signal to noise ratio Section 2. Physical principles Simple mechanics The gas laws l.aminar flow Turbulent flow B rnoulli, Venturi and Coanda H at and temperature Humidity Latent heat Isotherms.'vlechanisms of heat loss Solubility and diffusion Osmosis and colligative properties Principles of surface tension Resistors and resistance Capacitors and capacitance h<!uctors and inductance ~o:-a'~10 e bridge "ance and damping ~l!ig, disinfection and sterilization

2 VIII Section 3. Principles of special equipment Magnetic resonance imaging Refraction and fibre optics Laser principles Surgical diathermy Medical ultrasound The Doppler effect Oesophageal doppler Cardiac output measurement Goal-directed fluid therapy Defibrillators Breathing systems Ventilator profiles Pulse oximetry Capnography Absorption of carbon dioxide Neuromuscular blockade monitoring Thromboelastography Section 4. Pharmacological principles Atomic structure Oxidation and reduction Chemical bonds Inorganic and organic chemistry Isomerism Enzyme kinetics G-proteins and second messengers The Meyer-Overton hypothesis The concentration and second gas effects Drug interactions Adverse drug reactions Pharmacogenetics Section 5. Pharmacodynamics Drug-receptor interaction Affinity, efficacy and potency Agonism and antagonism Hysteresis Tachyphylaxis and tolerance Drug dependence

3 ix Section 6. Pharmacokinetics Absorption, distribution and redistribution First-pass metabolism and bioavailability Volume of distribution Clearance Time constant and half life Non-compartmental modelling Compartmental modelling Physiological modelling Context-sensitive half time Target controlled infusions Section 7. Respiratory physiology 201 Lung volumes 203 Spirometry 205 Flow-volume loops 207 The alveolar gas equation 211 The shunt equation 212 Pulmonary vascular resistance 214 Distribution of pulmonary blood flow 216 Ventilation/perfusion mismatch 218 Dead space 219 Fowler's method 220 The Bohr equation 221 Oxygen delivery and transport 223 Classification of hypoxia 226 The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve 228 Carriage of carbon dioxide 230 \ \'ork of breathing 232 Control and effects of ventilation 233 Compliance and resistance 236 Section 8. Cardiovascular physiology 239 Finthoven's triangle and axis 241 Cardiac action potentials 244 The cardiac cycle 246 Flcctrocardiographic changes 249 :lressure and flow calculations 254 Central venous pressure 257 Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure he Frank-Starling relationship 260 '.enous return and capillary dynamics 262

4 x Ventricular pressure-volume relationship Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance The Valsalva manoeuvre Control of heart rate Materno-fetal and neonatal circulations Shock Section 9. Renal physiology Acid-base balance Buffers and the anion gap Glomerular filtration rate and tubulo-glomerular feedback Autoregulation and renal vascular resistance The loop of Henle Glucose handling Sodium handling Potassium handling Section 10. Neurophysiology Action potentials Muscle structure and function Muscle reflexes The Monro-Kelly doctrine Cerebral blood flow Flow-metabolism coupling Formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid Pain Section 11. Applied sciences The stress response Cardiopulmonary exercise testing Pregnancy Paediatrics Ageing Obesity Section 12. Statistical principles Types of data Indices of central tendency and variability Types of distribution Methods of data analysis Error and outcome prediction Receiver operating characteristic curve

5 xi Clinical trials Evidence-based medicine Kaplan Meier curves AppendL"'( Index