Clinical Relevance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
|
|
- Madeleine Gallagher
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Original Article Clinical Relevance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2015, Vol. 21(8) ª The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalspermissions.nav DOI: / cat.sagepub.com Gehan Mostafa Hamed, MD 1 and Mona Fathey Abdel Fattah, MD 1 Abstract We measured levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) as a potential risk factor in 75 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared to 25 patients with stable angina (SA) and 20 healthy participants. Patients were studied stressing on smoking, hypertension, diabetes, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, MMP-9, and electrocardiography. Patients with ACS had higher MMP-9 levels than the SA group. The highest MMP-9 levels were found among ST-elevated myocardial infarction (MI), while the lowest levels were found among the control group. The MMP-9 level was significantly higher among patients with ACS having poor disease outcome (recurrent ischemic attacks, congestive heart failure, or death). The MMP-9 cutoff value of 3100 pg/ml was able to discriminate MI from unstable angina (UA), while the best prognostic utility was established at 4700 pg/ml. We suggest that serum MMP-9 could be an early marker that discriminates MI from UA and predicts poor outcome in terms of disease severity and extent of disease complications. Keywords acute coronary syndrome, disease outcome, MMP-9 Introduction Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality in developed countries but third to AIDS and lower respiratory infections in developing countries. 1 By the year 2020, cardiovascular disease will cause an estimated 25 million deaths worldwide, becoming the predominant cause of death in the world, surpassing infectious diseases. 2 Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombosis is now considered to be the main cause of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that covers the spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from unstable angina (UA), non-st-segment elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). 3,4 Several pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved in the process of plaque rupture, including inflammation, circumferential wall stress, and vasoconstriction as well as destabilizing changes in the plaque tissue. 5 Atherosclerosis contributes to significant narrowing of the artery lumen and a tendency for plaque disruption and thrombus formation. 6 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes that take part in biological processes, such as ontogenesis (morphogenesis, angiogenesis, growth, and wound healing) and regulation of platelet function. 7 However, the dysregulation or activation of MMPs expression is a feature of numerous pathologic conditions. 8 The MMPs are consistently implicated in atherogenesis and have a role in plaque destabilization, the most common mechanism responsible for ACS, based on contribution to tissue proteolysis as an essential factor responsible for thinning and rupturing of astherosclerotic fibrous cap. 9,10 The MMPs are expressed by macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, all of which are involved in cardiovascular diseases. 11 Previous studies have provided evidence that MMP-9 reflects atherosclerotic plaque rupture or vulnerability. 12,13 In some prior similar studies, the diagnostic values of MMPs in patients with ACS have been studied and they showed that MMP-9 levels had a diagnostic value for early ACS. 14 However, there is still a way to go to reach the goal of precise and early identification of ACS with highest risk of detrimental outcome, which was not yet investigated in depth. When possible the right patient will receive the right treatment in the right time. The aim of this study was to assess the early level of MMP-9 in relation to patients characteristics as a diagnostic marker discriminating ACS from stable angina (SA) and to evaluate its value as a predictor of future risk of cardiovascular complications and disease outcome. 1 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt Corresponding Author: Mona Fathey Abdel Fattah, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 4 Eletreby Basha Abo Elezz, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt. mona.fathey75@gmail.com
2 706 Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 21(8) Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 120 patients, 75 patients with ACS admitted to the coronary care unit, 25 patients with SA recruited from the outpatient clinic, and 20 apparently age- and sex-matched healthy participants as a control group, in the period from December 2012 to May 2013 at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Patients with malignancy, infectious disease, autoimmune disease, thyroid disease, liver disease, renal diseases, or any surgical procedure in the preceding 6 months were excluded. The study protocol was approved by Ain Shams medical research ethical committee. Group Classification The ACS group included 75 patients, 50 males and 25 females with a male to female ratio 2:1. Their ages ranged from 37 to 95 years with a mean of years. Diagnosis of ACS was based on a careful review for signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings at presentation. Accordingly, patients with ACS were subdivided into 2 major categories; those with new ST-segment elevation were diagnosed as STEMI and those who presented with STsegment depression, T-wave changes, or no ECG abnormalities were diagnosed as NSTE ACS, encompassing both UA and NSTEMI that were differentiated clinically by the detection of elevated biomarkers of myocardial injury in case of NSTEMI. 15 The SA group included 15 males and 10 females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1 and a mean age of years (range, years). They were characterized clinically by the presence of ischemic chest pain, typically elicited by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Myocardial ischemia was detected by ECG stress testing. 16 The healthy control group consisted of 13 males and 7 females (ratio 1.8:1) and their ages ranged from 40 to 62 years with a mean of years. Initial Assessment All patients were subjected to full detailed history and careful clinical examination laying stress on risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, family history, and previous similar attacks with calculation of body mass index (BMI), ECG, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Routine biochemical laboratory investigations included fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) performed on Synchron CX-9 (Beckman Coulter, California). Cardiac biomarkers were measured, total creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial fraction (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using Synchron CX-9 (Beckman Coulter) and cardiac troponin T (ctnt) using AxSYM analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois). Assessment of serum level of MMP-9 was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit using the RayBio Human MMP-9 ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Norcross, Georgia) which employs a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique for measurement of MMP-9. It incorporates a biotinylated antihuman MMP-9 antibody and conjugated streptavidin. The minimum detectable dose of MMP-9 was 10 pg/ml. The intra-assay reproducibility of the test showed a coefficient of variation less than 10%, and the interassay reproducibility showed a coefficient of variation less than 12%. Sample Collection Venous blood samples were collected, and under complete aseptic precautions, the samples were dispensed into a plain test tube without anticoagulant. After clotting, the samples were centrifuged at 1500g for 15 minutes; the separated serum was used to perform chemical analysis. Samples for measurement of MMP-9 were collected immediately after hospitalization from patients for whom the symptom complex was consistent with ACS till diagnosis was established (mainly within the first 4 hours from the start of chest pain) and the serum was stored at 20 C in duplicates until analysis. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained to perform FBG and lipid profile. Follow-Up The patients were followed up clinically for 6 months and according to their clinical outcome and ACS complications, they were divided into the following 2 groups: Group 1 (patients with good disease outcome) included 47 (62.7%) patients defined as patients without cardiovascular complications and being in stable state. Group 2 (patients with poor disease outcome) included 28 (37.3%) patients who developed cardiovascular events including recurrent ischemic attacks, congestive heart failure, or sudden death. Statistical Analysis Analysis of data was done by IBM computer using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois); quantitative data were described in the form of a mean, standard deviation, median, and range, while qualitative data were described as number and percentage. Student t test was applied to compare quantitative parametric data between the 2 groups. Quantitative nonparametric data between the 2 groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, while Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons between more than 2 groups. The chisquare (w 2 ) test was used to compare qualitative data. Spearman correlation was used to assess the linear relationship between variables, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed for the determination of the performance characteristics of MMP-9 measurement. P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.
3 Hamed and Fattah 707 Table 1. Comparison of Patients With ACS, Patients With SA, and Healthy Control Participants as Regards Clinical and Laboratory Data. a Parameters ACS (n ¼ 75) SA (n ¼ 25) Healthy Control (n ¼ 20) p1 p2 Age, mean + SD, year Males, n (%) 50 (75) 15 (60) 13 (65) Positive family history, n (%) 31 (41.3) 10 (40) 5 (25) Smoking, n (%) 34 (45.3) 6 (24) 4 (20) BMI, n (%), kg/m 2 Overweight ( kg/m 2 ) 8 (10.7) 8 (32) 7 (35) Obese (>30 kg/m 2 ) 28 (37.3) 6 (24) 1 (5) Heart rate, mean + SD, beat/min <0.001 <0.001 Hypertension, n (%) 51 (68) 9 (36) Hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl), n (%) 32 (42.7) 12 (48) 0.64 High LDL (>130 mg/dl), n (%) 57 (76) 13 (52) 0.02 Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) 34 (45.3) 12 (48) 0.81 Diabetes, n (%) 29 (38.7) 6 (24) 0.81 MMP-9, median (IQR), pg/ml 4000 ( ) 900 ( ) 87 (10-110) <0.001 <0.001 Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MMP- 9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; SA, stable angina; SD, standard deviation; p1, comparison between patient with ACS and SA; p2, comparison between patient with ACS and healthy control. a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m 2 was considered average weight. BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m 2 was considered overweight. Data were expressed as mean + SD where ANOVA with post hoc test was used or as median (interquartile range) where Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used unless specified as number (percentage) using chi-square (w 2 ) test for comparison. Results Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients With ACS, Patients With SA, and Healthy Controls Patients with ACS had a significantly higher BMI, higher mean heart rate, and higher LDL compared to patients with SA or healthy controls (P <.05). The incidence of smoking was significantly higher among ACS group than healthy controls (P ¼.04), while the incidence of hypertension was elevated among patients with ACS than SA group (Table 1). Comparison Between Patients Subgroups as Regards Clinical and Laboratory Data As shown in Table 2, patients with ACS having NSTEMI had the highest incidence of hypercholesterolemia (68%), hypertriglyceridemia (76%), and high LDL (84%) compared to those with UA or STEMI (P ¼.01), while the incidence of hypertension was significantly higher among patients with UA (P ¼.02). Patients with STEMI showed poorer disease outcome as denoted by the higher incidence of recurrence of ischemic attacks, congestive heart failure, or sudden death compared to UA and NSTEMI group (P <.01). As regards cardiac enzymes, total CK was significantly higher among STEMI group (P <.01), while CK-MB and LDH were higher among NSTEMI than the other 2 groups (P ¼.01; Table 2). Levels of MMP-9 Among Patients With ACS and Controls Levels of MMP-9 were significantly elevated among all patients with ACS compared to healthy controls or those with SA (P <.01; Table 1). The highest levels were found among STEMI (median 5500 pg/ml) followed by NSTEMI (median 4000 pg/ml) then UA (median 1000 pg/ml; P <.01; Table 2). It is worth to note that MMP-9 levels were also significantly elevated among all subgroups with ACS compared to patients with SA or healthy control group (Figure 1). Significant positive correlations were found between MMP-9 and heart rate (r ¼.26, P ¼.02) as well as markers of myocardial necrosis, CK (r ¼.3, P <.01) and LDH (r ¼.39, P ¼.01; Figure 2). During the 6-month follow-up period, a total of 28 adverse cardiovascular events (recurrence of ischemic attack, congestive heart failure, or death due to cardiac causes) were identified, including 13 (17.3%) revascularization events (repeat percutaneous coronary artery intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery). The 28 (37.3%) patients with ACS having poor disease outcome had increased early MMP-9 levels compared to those who had better prognosis (median 5500 vs 3000 pg/ml; P <.001), while cardiac enzymes were comparable among both groups. Echocardiographic findings revealed significant reduction in left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF; P <.001) and significant increase in left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD; P <.001) in patients with poor disease outcome, while no significant difference was found between the 2 groups as regards age, sex, or cardiovascular risk factors (Table 3). Early MMP-9 levels were also significantly higher among patients who underwent coronary revascularization compared to those without coronary revascularization (median 5800 vs 3300 pg/ml; P <.001). Early MMP-9 levels were positively correlated with LVEDD (r ¼.721, P <.001) and negatively correlated with LVEF (r ¼.682, P <.001). Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of MMP-9 in Cardiac Disease Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of 3100 pg/ml of MMP-9 was able to
4 708 Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 21(8) Table 2. Clinical and Laboratory Data Among Different Patients Subgroups With Acute Coronary Syndrome. a Parameters STEMI (n ¼ 25) NSTEMI (n ¼ 25) UA (n ¼ 25) P Value Age, mean + SD, years Males, n (%) 18 (72) 18 (72) 14 (56).636 Positive family history, n (%) 10 (40) 9 (36) 12 (48).85 Smoking, n (%) 11 (44) 11 (44) 12 (48).30 Hypertension, n (%) 15 (60) 17 (68) 19 (76).479 Diabetes n (%) 12 (48) 11 (44) 6 (24).31 BMI, n (%), kg/m 2 Overweight ( kg/m 2 ) 1 (4) 3 (12) 4 (16).24 Obese (>30 kg/m 2 ) 10 (40) 9 (36) 9 (36) Poor disease outcome n (%) 12 (48) 7 (28) 9 (36) <.01 Blood vessels affected, n (%) <2 21 (84) 18 (72) 17 (68) (16) 7 (28) 8 (32) Hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl), n (%) 6 (24) 17 (68) 9 (36).01 High LDL (>130 mg/dl), n (%) 19 (76) 21 (84) 17 (68).08 Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) 5 (20) 19 (76) 10 (40).01 CK, median, IU/L <.01 CK-MB, median, IU/L LDH, median, IU/L ctnt, median, ng/ml MMP-9, median (IQR), pg/ml 5500 ( ) 4000 ( ) 1000 ( ) <.001 Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase myocardial fraction; ctnt, cardiac troponin T; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; NSTEMI, non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SA, stable angina; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina. a Poor disease outcome: recurrence of ischemic attacks, congestive heart failure, or sudden death. Data were expressed as mean + SD where ANOVA with post hoc test were used or as median (interquartile range) where Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used unless specified as number (percentage) using chi-square (w 2 ) test for comparison. Figure 1. Levels of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) among patients with acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, and healthy controls. discriminate patients with myocardial infarction (MI) from those with UA with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 80%, negative predictive value of 66.7%, positive predictive value of 88.9%, and accuracy of 85%. Furthermore, the prognostic utility of MMP-9 to predict a poor disease outcome was established at 4700 pg/ml showing sensitivity of 72.4%, specificity of 83%, negative predictive value of 83%, positive predictive value of 71.4%, and accuracy of 79%. Discussion The concept of the cardiovascular continuum, introduced during the early 1990s, created a holistic view of the chain of events connecting cardiovascular-related risk factors with the progressive development of pathological-related tissue remodeling and ultimately heart failure and death. The majority of the existing markers are useful only in the end stages of the disease where few successful intervention options exist. Since a large number of patients experience a transient underlying developing pathology long before the signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease become apparent, the requirement for new markers that can describe the early tissue-specific, matrix remodeling process which ultimately leads to disease is evident. 17 The results of the present study revealed that patients with ACS had a significantly higher serum MMP-9 level when compared to patients with SA and the healthy control group, with the highest levels found among STEMI group. Similar results were found in other studies. 12,18-21 This may indicate that the levels of MMP-9 progressively increase with severity of the clinical presentation. On stratifying patients with ACS into subgroups according to disease outcome, the significant differences between patients having good versus poor disease outcome were found in relation to echocardiographic findings of impaired left ventricular function and the elevation in early MMP-9 levels in patients with poor disease outcome, while baseline levels of other cardiac enzymes which are considered well-established
5 Hamed and Fattah 709 Figure 2. Significant positive correlations between metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and heart rate (A) and lactate dehydrogenase (B) among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Table 3. Impact of Different Clinical and Laboratory Data on Disease Outcome in Patients With ACS. a Parameters Good (n ¼ 47) Disease Outcome Poor (n ¼ 28) P Value Age, mean + SD, year Males, n (%) 30 (63.8) 20 (71.4).51 Positive family history, n (%) 20 (42.6) 11 (39.3).78 Hypertension, n (%) 32 (68.1) 19 (67.9).98 Diabetes, n (%) 19 (40.4) 10 (35.7).68 Smoking, n (%) 18 (38.3) 16 (57.1).11 BMI, n (%), kg/m 2 Overweight ( kg/m 2 ) 4 (8.5) 4 (14.3).64 Obese (30 kg/m 2 ) 19 (40.4) 9 (32.1) Hypercholesterolemia 21 (44.7) 11 (39.3).64 (>200 mg/dl), n (%) High LDL (>130 mg/dl), n (%) 38 (80.9) 19 (67.9).20 Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) 23 (48.9) 11 (39.3).41 Blood vessels affected, n (%) <2 37 (78.7) 19 (67.9) (21.3) 9 (32.1) Echocardiography LVEF, mean + SD, % <.001 LVEDD, mean + SD, cm <.001 CK, median, IU/L CK-MB, median, IU /L LDH, median, IU /L ctnt, median, ng/ml MMP-9, median, pg/ml <.001 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase myocardial fraction; ctnt, cardiac troponin T; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic diameter; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; SD, standard deviation. a Good outcome: stable state, no complications. Poor outcome: recurrence of ischemic attacks, congestive heart failure, or death. Data were expressed as mean + SD using student t test or as median using Mann-Whitney test for comparison unless specified as number (percentage) using chi-square (w 2 ) test for comparison. markers of extensive myocardial necrosis did not show a prognostic value. Furthermore, we demonstrated a strong association between serum level of MMP-9 and subsequent risk of cardiovascular complications. This was in agreement with other studies 18,22-24 where serum concentrations of MMP-9 at baseline were found to be significantly higher among patients who subsequently experienced a fatal cardiovascular event during follow-up compared with those who did not. The association between early MMP-9 levels and post-mi impairment of left ventricular function, as evidenced by the significant correlation with both LVEDD and LVEF among our patients, supports its usefulness in prediction of left ventricular remodeling. Kelly et al 25 found that peak plasma concentrations of MMP-9 were associated with greater impairment of LV function during the index admission and predicts the degree of LV remodeling in the weeks after discharge. Moreover, Gostiljac et al 26 found that other markers of plaque rupture have not shown expected efficiency in comparison to MMP-9, which has been marked as a very useful marker of early rupture. These findings can be explained by the fact that MMP-9, which is released from cells in the arterial wall (such as smooth muscle cells, monocytes, and macrophages), leads to degradation of the fibrous cap of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and that accelerates plaque rupture. 12 Therefore, Gostiljac and colleagues 26 suggested the use of MMP-9 to predict presence, severity, and extent of CAD complications. In our study, we found a significant correlation between MMP-9 serum level and heart rate, in consistence with Sundström et al 27 who found that increasing heart rate was a key clinical correlate of detectable plasma MMP-9. The association of plasma MMP-9 with heart rate is intuitive because a higher heart rate is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption and wall stress and is an indicator of increased risk of heart failure. 28
6 710 Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 21(8) In the current study, MMP-9 was positively correlated with markers of myocardial necrosis such as CK and LDH. Kułach et al 29 explained these results by the increased activity of circulating monocytes (which release MMP-9) that is related to more extensive myocardial necrosis and subsequently result in worse prognosis of ACS. Therefore, in agreement with Alsheikh et al, 30 we can consider MMP-9 as a reliable risk marker in patients with CHD. On the contrary, Tanindi et al 18 failed to demonstrate a correlation between MMP-9 and these cardiac enzymes and attributed the lack of correlation between MMP-9 and these cardiac enzymes to technical inability because it was impossible to obtain the blood samples exactly at the same time from the beginning of the chest pain for each participant, as sampling was done after 72 hours of hospital admission and in many participants was done after angiography which may have altered their results. Regarding the success of MMP-9 as a marker to predict ACS, studies assumed that the special importance of defining MMP-9 in serum comes from the supposition that making an early diagnosis of ACS is possible earlier before irreversible myocardial necrosis occurs. 14 Meanwhile, there is a growing interest for MMP-9 both as a diagnostic marker and as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. 31 Therefore, in our study, we constructed an ROC curve to define the best cutoff value for discriminating patients with MI from patients with UA and showed that the best cutoff value was 3100 pg/ml, with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, MMP-9 cutoff 4700 pg/ml was able to predict poor disease outcome. Taken together, the significant association between higher median MMP-9 level and poor disease outcome in our patients with ACS in the absence of any significant association between such state and any of the cardiac enzymes imply that MMP-9 may represent a promising prognostic marker in patients with ACS. In agreement, Blankenberg et al 23 found that plasma MMP-9 concentration was identified as a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Moreover, the present study showed that patients with ACS having high MMP-9 levels at diagnosis have an increased risk of coronary revascularization. A recent study by Wang et al 32 analyzed MMP-9 levels 18 months after acute MI (AMI) and demonstrated that MMP-9 was an independent predictor of coronary revascularization, suggesting a pivotal role of MMP-9 in atherothrombosis in patients with AMI. In conclusion, MMP-9 could be considered as an early risk marker for identification of patients with ACS. It can reliably discriminate those with acute MI from UA. High levels are closely associated with disease severity and the extent of ACS complications. Further prospective studies with longer followup and serial measurement of MMP-9 throughout the course of therapy are needed to detect its usefulness in predicting future coronary revascularization among patients with MI and validate the MMP-9 cutoff before incorporation in risk stratification. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. References 1. Govender R, De Greef J, Delport R, Becker PJ, Vermaak WJH. Biological variation of ischemia modified albumin in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2008;19(3): James WL, Patrick JS, kerrett MS, Gaziano JM. Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease: the role of risk factors. Prev Cardiol. 2002;5(4): Kumar A, Christopher PC. Acute coronary syndromes: diagnosis and management, part I, Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(10): Tapson VF. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(10): Hasdai D, Behar S, Boyko V, Bassand JP, Batter A. Cardiac biomarkers and acute coronary syndromes the Euro-Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes experience. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24(13): Vink A, Pasterkamp G. Atherosclerotic plaque burden, plaque vulnerability and arterial remodeling: the role of inflammation. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2002;50(2): Papazafirropoulou N, Tentolouris N. Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular diseases. Hippokratia. 2009;13(2): Borkakoti N. Structural studies of matrix metalloproteinases. JMolMed. 2000;78(5): Lehrke M, Greif M, Broedl UC, et al. MMP-1 serum levels predict coronary atherosclerosis in humans. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009; 8(50): Finn AV, Nakano M, Narula J, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque. Arterioscler Thrombo Vasc Biol. 2010;30(7): Newby AC. Metalloproteinase expression in monocytes and macrophages and its relationship to atherosclerotic plaque instability. Arterioscler ThrombVasc Biol. 2008;28(12): Fukuda D, Shimada K, Tanaka A, et al. Comparison of levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus unstable angina pectoris versus stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(2): Park JP, Lee BK, Shim M, et al. Relationship between multiple plasma biomarkers and vulnerable plaque determined by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound. Circ J. 2010;74(2): Kobayashi N, Hata N, Kume N, et al. matrix metalloproteinase-9 for the earliest stage acute coronary syndrome comparison with high-sensitivity troponin T. Circ J. 2011;75(12): Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Jesse RL, et al. National Academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines: clinical characteristics and utilization of biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2007;115(13): e356-e Fox K, Garcia MA, Andissino D, et al. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(11):
7 Hamed and Fattah Vassiliadis E, Barascuk N, Didangelos A, Karsdal MA. Novel cardiac-specific biomarkers and the cardiovascular continuum. Biomark Insights. 2012;7: Tanindi A, Sahinarslan A, Elbeg S, Cemri M. Relationship between MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-6 and risk factors, clinical presentation, extent and severity of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2011;5(1): Kai H, Ikeda H, Yasukawa H, et al. Peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAmCollCardiol. 1998;32(2): Guo C, Zhang S, Zhang J, et al. Correlation between the severity of coronary artery lesions and levels of estrogen, hs-crp and MMP-9. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(5): Nurkic J, Ljuca F, Nurkic M, Jahic E, Jahic M. Biomarkers of plaque instability in acute coronary syndrome patients. Med Arh. 2010;64(2): Banach M, Markuszewski L, Zaslonka J, Grzegorckzyk J, Okonski P, Jegier B. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Przegl Epidimiol (4): Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Poirier O, et al. Plasma concentrations and genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107(7): Jonsson S, Lundberg A, Kälvegren H, Bergström I, Szymanowski A, Jonasson L. Increased levels of leukocyte-derived MMP-9 in patients with stable angina pectoris. PloS One. 2011;6(4):e Kelly D, Cockerill G, Ng LL, et al. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in man: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(6): Gostiljac D, D ord ević PB, Djurić D, et al. The importance of defining serum MMP-9 concentration in diabetics as an early marker of the rupture of atheromatous plaque in acute coronary syndrome. Acta Physiol Hung. 2011;98(1): Sundström J, Evans JC, Benjamin EJ, et al. Relations of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 to clinical cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic left ventricular measures. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2004;109(23): Kannel WB, D Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Sullivan L, Wilson PW, Levy D. Profile for estimating risk of heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(11): Kułach A, Dąbek J, Głogowska-Ligus J, Garczorz W, Gąsior Z. Effects of standard treatment on the dynamics of matrix metalloproteinases gene expression in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Pharmacol Rep. 2010;62(6): Alsheikh-Ali AA, Kitsios GD, Balk EM, Lau J, Stanley IP. The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: scope of the literature. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(6): Arakaki PA, Marques MR, Santos MC. MMP-1 polymorphism and its relationship to pathological processes. J Bio Sci. 2009; 34(2): Wang KF, Huang P H, Chiang CH, et al. Usefulness of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in predicting future coronary revascularization in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Coronary Artery Dis. 2013;24(1):23-28.
Ischemic Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Division of Pathology University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology General Consideration Results from partial
More informationCardiovascular Disorders Lecture 3 Coronar Artery Diseases
Cardiovascular Disorders Lecture 3 Coronar Artery Diseases By Prof. El Sayed Abdel Fattah Eid Lecturer of Internal Medicine Delta University Coronary Heart Diseases It is the leading cause of death in
More informationMeasuring Natriuretic Peptides in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Measuring Natriuretic Peptides in Acute Coronary Syndromes Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FCCP Consultant Cardiologist Chief Academic and Scientific Officer St. John Providence Health
More informationAcute coronary syndrome. Dr LM Murray Chemical Pathology Block SA
Acute coronary syndrome Dr LM Murray Chemical Pathology Block SA13-2014 Acute myocardial infarction (MI) MI is still the leading cause of death in many countries It is characterized by severe chest pain,
More informationStatin pretreatment and presentation patterns in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Brief Report Page 1 of 5 Statin pretreatment and presentation patterns in patients with acute coronary syndromes Marcelo Trivi, Ruth Henquin, Juan Costabel, Diego Conde Cardiovascular Institute of Buenos
More informationAcute Coronary Syndrome. Sonny Achtchi, DO
Acute Coronary Syndrome Sonny Achtchi, DO Objectives Understand evidence based and practice based treatments for stabilization and initial management of ACS Become familiar with ACS risk stratification
More informationTYPE II MI. KC ACDIS LOCAL CHAPTER March 8, 2016
TYPE II MI KC ACDIS LOCAL CHAPTER March 8, 2016 TYPE 2 MI DEFINITION: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a continuum of myocardial ischemia and infarction, which can make the diagnostic and coding
More informationUse of Biomarkers for Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Use of Biomarkers for Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction Allan S. Jaffe, MD.* Consultant - Cardiology & Laboratory Medicine Professor of Medicine Chair, CCLS Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine
More informationObjectives. Acute Coronary Syndromes; The Nuts and Bolts. Overview. Quick quiz.. How dose the plaque start?
Objectives Acute Coronary Syndromes; The Nuts and Bolts Michael P. Gulseth, Pharm. D., BCPS Pharmacotherapy II Spring 2006 Compare and contrast pathophysiology of unstable angina (UA), non-st segment elevation
More informationComparison of Mean Platelet Volume in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs. Normal Coronary Angiography
Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 8, No. 11; 2016 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Comparison of Mean Platelet Volume in Acute Myocardial Infarction
More informationCOMPARISON OF APOLIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS AND VALUES OF APOB:APOAI
COMPARISON OF APOLIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS AND VALUES OF APOB:APOAI WITH TRADITIONAL LIPID MEASURES IN WOMEN DIAGNOSED WITH ACUTE CORNONARY SYNDROMES A PRELIMINARY REPORT. Magdalena Krintus, Katarzyna
More informationMMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-6
110 The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal, 2011, 5, 110-1 Open Access Relationship Between MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-6 and Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Extent and Severity of Atherosclerotic
More informationLife Science Journal 2018;15(12)
Multicenter observational study of risk factors profile in a sample of Egyptian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (part of Egyptian Cardiovascular Risk Factors Project) Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ashraf Reda,
More informationIschemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease Introduction In > 90% of cases: the cause is: reduced coronary blood flow secondary to: obstructive atherosclerotic vascular disease so most of the time it is called: coronary artery
More informationAcute Myocardial Infarction
Acute Myocardial Infarction Hafeza Shaikh, DO, FACC, RPVI Lourdes Cardiology Services Asst.Program Director, Cardiology Fellowship Associate Professor, ROWAN-SOM Acute Myocardial Infarction Definition:
More informationC-Reactive Protein and Your Heart
C-Reactive Protein and Your Heart By: James L. Holly, MD Inflammation is the process by which the body responds to injury. Laboratory evidence and findings at autopsy studies suggest that the inflammatory
More informationTitle for Paragraph Format Slide
Title for Paragraph Format Slide Presentation Title: Month Date, Year Atherosclerosis A Spectrum of Disease: February 12, 2015 Richard Cameron Padgett, MD Executive Medical Director, OHVI Pt RB Age 38
More informationRisk Stratification of ACS Patients. Frans Van de Werf, MD, PhD University of Leuven, Belgium
Risk Stratification of ACS Patients Frans Van de Werf, MD, PhD University of Leuven, Belgium Which type of ACS patients are we talking about to day? 4/14/2011 STEMI and NSTEMI in the NRMI registry from
More informationAcute coronary syndromes
Acute coronary syndromes 1 Acute coronary syndromes Acute coronary syndromes results primarily from diminished myocardial blood flow secondary to an occlusive or partially occlusive coronary artery thrombus.
More informationWHI Form Report of Cardiovascular Outcome Ver (For items 1-11, each question specifies mark one or mark all that apply.
WHI Form - Report of Cardiovascular Outcome Ver. 6. COMMENTS To be completed by Physician Adjudicator Date Completed: - - (M/D/Y) Adjudicator Code: OMB# 095-044 Exp: 4/06 -Affix label here- Clinical Center/ID:
More informationObjectives. Identify early signs and symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome Initiate proper protocol for ACS patient 10/2013 2
10/2013 1 Objectives Identify early signs and symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome Initiate proper protocol for ACS patient 10/2013 2 Purpose of this Education Module: Chest Pain Center Accreditation involves
More informationImpact of coronary atherosclerotic burden on clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease
Impact of coronary atherosclerotic burden on clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease Gjin Ndrepepa, Tomohisa Tada, Massimiliano Fusaro, Lamin King, Martin Hadamitzky,
More informationHow will new high sensitive troponins affect the criteria?
How will new high sensitive troponins affect the criteria? Hugo A Katus MD Abteilung Innere Medizin III Kardiologie, Angiologie, Pulmologie Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Even more sensitive: The new
More informationAcute Coronary Syndrome
ACUTE CORONOARY SYNDROME, ANGINA & ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Administrative Consultant Service 3/17 Acute Coronary Syndrome Acute Coronary Syndrome has evolved as a useful operational term to refer to
More informationBIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS. As. MARUSHCHAK M.I.
BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS As. MARUSHCHAK M.I. Heart attack symptoms Acute MI Measurement of cardiac enzyme levels Measure cardiac enzyme levels at regular
More information12 Lead EKG Chapter 4 Worksheet
Match the following using the word bank. 1. A form of arteriosclerosis in which the thickening and hardening of the vessels walls are caused by an accumulation of fatty deposits in the innermost lining
More informationTo estimate the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in acute coronary syndrome
Original Research Article To estimate the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in acute coronary syndrome Mohamed Yasar Arafath 1, K. Babu Raj 2* 1 First Year Post Graduate, 2
More informationDyslipidemia Endothelial dysfunction Free radicals Immunologic
ATHEROSCLEROSIS Hossein Mehrani Professor of Clinical Biochemistry Definition Atherosclerosis: Is a chronic inflammatory process characterized by plaque formation within the vessel wall of arteries and
More informationCardiac Troponin Testing and Chest Pain Patients: Exploring the Shades of Gray
Cardiac Troponin Testing and Chest Pain Patients: Exploring the Shades of Gray Nichole Korpi-Steiner, PhD, DABCC, FACB University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC Learning Objectives Describe the acute
More informationPatient characteristics Intervention Comparison Length of followup
ISCHAEMIA TESTING CHAPTER TESTING FOR MYCOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA VERSUS NOT TESTING FOR MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA Ref ID: 4154 Reference Wienbergen H, Kai GA, Schiele R et al. Actual clinical practice exercise ing
More informationAcute Myocardial Infarction. Willis E. Godin D.O., FACC
Acute Myocardial Infarction Willis E. Godin D.O., FACC Acute Myocardial Infarction Definition: Decreased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium Myocardial tissue necrosis causing irreparable
More informationA. BISOC 1,2 A.M. PASCU 1 M. RĂDOI 1,2
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series VI: Medical Sciences Vol. 5 (54) No. 2-2012 THE ctntg4 PLASMA LEVELS IN RELATION TO ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN
More information12/18/2009 Resting and Maxi Resting and Max mal Coronary Blood Flow 2
Coronary Artery Pathophysiology ACS / AMI LeRoy E. Rabbani, MD Director, Cardiac Inpatient Services Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Professor of Clinical Medicine Major Determinants of Myocardial
More informationFastTest. You ve read the book now test yourself
FastTest You ve read the book...... now test yourself To ensure you have learned the key points that will improve your patient care, read the authors questions below. The answers will refer you back to
More informationCho et al., 2009 Journal of Cardiology (2009), 54:
Endothelial Dysfunction, Increased Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness and Pulse Wave Velocity, and Increased Level of Inflammatory Markers are Associated with Variant Angina Cho et al., 2009 Journal
More informationRelationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Relationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome Helder Dores, Luís Bronze Carvalho, Ingrid Rosário, Sílvio Leal, Maria João
More informationHeart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. It accounts for nearly 40% of all deaths in the United
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. It accounts for nearly 40% of all deaths in the United States, totaling about 750,000 individuals annually
More informationTroponin Assessment. Does it Carry Clinical Message? Stefan Blankenberg. University Heart Center Hamburg
Biomarkers for Optimal Management of Heart Failure Troponin Assessment Does it Carry Clinical Message? Stefan Blankenberg University Heart Center Hamburg Congress of the European Society of Cardiology
More informationThe 10 th International & 15 th National Congress on Quality Improvement in Clinical Laboratories
The 10 th International & 15 th National Congress on Quality Improvement in Clinical Laboratories Cardiac biomarkers in atherosclerosis Najma Asadi MD-APCP Ross and Colleagues in 1973: Response to Injury
More informationAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a potentially
DIAGNOSING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND DETERMINING PATIENT RISK Edith A. Nutescu, PharmD* ABSTRACT Acute coronary syndrome is a form of coronary artery disease and has a broad range of clinical presentations.
More informationUPDATE ON THE MANAGEMENTACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. DR JULES KABAHIZI, Psc (Rwa) Lt Col CHIEF CONSULTANT RMH/KFH 28 JUNE18
UPDATE ON THE MANAGEMENTACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME DR JULES KABAHIZI, Psc (Rwa) Lt Col CHIEF CONSULTANT RMH/KFH 28 JUNE18 INTRODUCTION The clinical entities that comprise acute coronary syndromes (ACS)-ST-segment
More informationHigh Sensitivity Troponins. IT S TIME TO SAVE LIVES. Updates from the ESC 2015 Guidelines November 17th 2016 OPL CONGRESS Dr.
High Sensitivity Troponins. IT S TIME TO SAVE LIVES. Updates from the ESC 2015 Guidelines November 17th 2016 OPL CONGRESS Dr. Marcel El Achkar Chairperson of Laboratory department Nini Hospital Lecturer
More informationVascular disease. Structural evaluation of vascular disease. Goo-Yeong Cho, MD, PhD Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Vascular disease. Structural evaluation of vascular disease Goo-Yeong Cho, MD, PhD Seoul National University Bundang Hospital resistance vessels : arteries
More informationDIFFERENTIATING THE PATIENT WITH UNDIFFERENTIATED CHEST PAIN
DIFFERENTIATING THE PATIENT WITH UNDIFFERENTIATED CHEST PAIN Objectives Gain competence in evaluating chest pain Recognize features of moderate risk unstable angina Review initial management of UA and
More informationCardiovascular Research Foundation and Columbia University Medical Center, New York.
Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of Non-culprit Attenuated Plaques Detected by Grayscale Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Xiaofan Wu, Akiko Maehara,
More informationDIAGNOSTICS ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME
DIAGNOSTICS ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME Evidence overview Early rule out or diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: High-sensitivity troponin tests (Elecsys troponin T high-sensitive, ARCHITECT STAT highsensitivity
More informationCurrent Utilities of Cardiac Biomarker Testing at POC. June 24, 2010 Joe Pezzuto, MT (ASCP) Carolyn Kite, RN
Current Utilities of Cardiac Biomarker Testing at POC June 24, 2010 Joe Pezzuto, MT (ASCP) Carolyn Kite, RN 1. Discuss challenges associated with diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) and Heart Failure
More informationBelinda Green, Cardiologist, SDHB, 2016
Acute Coronary syndromes All STEMI ALL Non STEMI Unstable angina Belinda Green, Cardiologist, SDHB, 2016 Thrombus in proximal LAD Underlying pathophysiology Be very afraid for your patient Wellens
More informationTracking a Killer Molecule
Tracking a Killer Molecule Mercodia Oxidized LDL ELISA www.mercodia.com Mercodia Oxidized LDL ELISA products Product Catalog No Kit size Oxidized LDL ELISA 10-1143-01 96 wells Oxidized LDL competitive
More informationCulprit Lesion Remodeling and Long-term (> 5years) Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Culprit Lesion Remodeling and Long-term (> 5years) Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Hiroyuki Okura*, MD; Nobuya Matsushita**,MD Kenji Shimeno**, MD; Hiroyuki Yamaghishi**, MD Iku Toda**,
More informationCLINICAL OUTCOME Vs SURROGATE MARKER
CLINICAL OUTCOME Vs SURROGATE MARKER Statin Real Experience Dr. Mostafa Sherif Senior Medical Manager Pfizer Egypt & Sudan Objective Difference between Clinical outcome and surrogate marker Proper Clinical
More informationPathology of Coronary Artery Disease
Pathology of Coronary Artery Disease Seth J. Kligerman, MD Pathology of Coronary Artery Disease Seth Kligerman, MD Assistant Professor Medical Director of MRI University of Maryland Department of Radiology
More informationThe Gender Divide Women, Men and Heart Disease February 2017
The Gender Divide Women, Men and Heart Disease February 2017 Nandita S. Scott, MD FACC Co-Director MGH Heart Center Corrigan Women s Heart Health Program Massachusetts General Hospital Heart Disease For
More informationVulnerable Plaque Pathophysiology, Detection, and Intervention. VP: A Local Problem or Systemic Disease. Erling Falk, Denmark
Vulnerable Plaque Pathophysiology, Detection, and Intervention VP: A Local Problem or Systemic Disease Erling Falk, Denmark Vulnerable Plaque Pathophysiology, Detection, and Intervention VP: A Local Problem
More informationCVD risk assessment using risk scores in primary and secondary prevention
CVD risk assessment using risk scores in primary and secondary prevention Raul D. Santos MD, PhD Heart Institute-InCor University of Sao Paulo Brazil Disclosure Honoraria for consulting and speaker activities
More informationDiagnostics consultation document
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Diagnostics consultation document Myocardial infarction (acute): Early rule out using high-sensitivity troponin tests (Elecsys Troponin T high-sensitive,
More information10/8/2018. Lecture 9. Cardiovascular Health. Lecture Heart 2. Cardiovascular Health 3. Stroke 4. Contributing Factor
Lecture 9 Cardiovascular Health 1 Lecture 9 1. Heart 2. Cardiovascular Health 3. Stroke 4. Contributing Factor 1 The Heart Muscular Pump The Heart Receives blood low pressure then increases the pressure
More informationSummary HTA. HTA-Report Summary
Summary HTA HTA-Report Summary Prognostic value, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of high sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker in primary prevention of major cardiac events Schnell-Inderst
More informationDiagnostics guidance Published: 1 October 2014 nice.org.uk/guidance/dg15
Myocardial infarction (acute): Early rule out using high-sensitivity troponin tests (Elecsys Troponin T high-sensitive, e, ARCHITECT STAT T High Sensitive Troponin-I and AccuTnI+3 assays) Diagnostics guidance
More informationPathophysiology of Cardiovascular System. Dr. Hemn Hassan Othman, PhD
Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular System Dr. Hemn Hassan Othman, PhD hemn.othman@univsul.edu.iq What is the circulatory system? The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from
More informationCardiac Pathology & Rehabilitation
Cardiac Pathology & Rehabilitation Which of the following best describes the physical activity performed in my leisure time? A. I perform vigorous physical activity 3X/week for 20 minutes each time B.
More informationUndetectable High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Level in the Emergency Department and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Undetectable High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Level in the Emergency Department and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Nadia Bandstein, MD; Rickard Ljung, MD, PhD; Magnus Johansson, MD, PhD; Martin Holzmann,
More informationCLINICIAN INTERVIEW RECOGNIZING ACS AND STRATIFYING RISK IN PRIMARY CARE. An interview with A. Michael Lincoff, MD, and Eric R. Bates, MD, FACC, FAHA
RECOGNIZING ACS AND STRATIFYING RISK IN PRIMARY CARE An interview with A. Michael Lincoff, MD, and Eric R. Bates, MD, FACC, FAHA Dr Lincoff is an interventional cardiologist and the Vice Chairman for Research
More informationBeta-blockers in Patients with Mid-range Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction after AMI Improved Clinical Outcomes
Beta-blockers in Patients with Mid-range Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction after AMI Improved Clinical Outcomes Seung-Jae Joo and other KAMIR-NIH investigators Department of Cardiology, Jeju National
More informationStatistical Fact Sheet Populations
Statistical Fact Sheet Populations At-a-Glance Summary Tables Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Mexican- American Males Diseases and Risk Factors Total Population Total Males White Males Black Males Total
More informationMYOCARDIALINFARCTION. By: Kendra Fischer
MYOCARDIALINFARCTION By: Kendra Fischer Outline Definition Epidemiology Clinical Aspects Treatment Effects of Exercise Exercise Testing Exercise Rx Summary and Conclusions References Break it down MYOCARDIAL
More informationChest pain and troponins on the acute take. J N Townend Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Chest pain and troponins on the acute take J N Townend Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham 3 rd Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Type 1: Spontaneous MI related to atherosclerotic plaque rupture
More informationQuinn Capers, IV, MD
Heart Attacks Mended Hearts Presentation, January, 2017 Quinn Capers, IV, MD Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) Director, Transradial Coronary Interventions Division of Cardiovascular
More informationEvaluation of Anthropometric Indices of Patients with Left Ventricle Dysfunction Fallowing First Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research, 2012, 4(1), 11-15 doi: 10.5681/jcvtr.2012.003 http://jcvtr.tbzmed.ac.ir Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices of Patients with Left Ventricle Dysfunction
More informationBalancing Efficacy and Safety of P2Y12 Inhibitors for ACS Patients
SYP.CLO-A.16.07.01 Balancing Efficacy and Safety of P2Y12 Inhibitors for ACS Patients dr. Hariadi Hariawan, Sp.PD, Sp.JP (K) TOPICS Efficacy Safety Consideration from Currently Available Antiplatelet Agents
More informationHigh Sensitivity Troponin Improves Management. But Not Yet
High Sensitivity Troponin Improves Management But Not Yet Allan S. Jaffe, MD.* Consultant - Cardiology & Laboratory Medicine Professor of Medicine Chair, CCLS Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine
More informationIn-Ho Chae. Seoul National University College of Medicine
The Earlier, The Better: Quantum Progress in ACS In-Ho Chae Seoul National University College of Medicine Quantum Leap in Statin Landmark Trials in ACS patients Randomized Controlled Studies of Lipid-Lowering
More informationPrehospital and Hospital Care of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Ischemic Heart Diseases Prehospital and Hospital Care of Acute Coronary Syndrome JMAJ 46(8): 339 346, 2003 Katsuo KANMATSUSE* and Ikuyoshi WATANABE** * Professor, Second Internal Medicine, Nihon University,
More informationManaging Quality of ACS Care in VHA The IDH Guideline Key Points and Metrics
Managing Quality of ACS Care in VHA The IDH Guideline Key Points and Metrics Robert L. Jesse, MD, PhD National Program Director for Cardiology Veterans Health Administration Washington, DC Chief, Cardiology
More informationBiomarkers in Acute Cardiac Disease Samir Arnaout, M.D.FESC Associate Professor of Medicine Internal Medicine i & Cardiology American University of Beirut Time course of the appearance of various markers
More informationDiabetes and the Heart
Diabetes and the Heart Association of Specialty Professors April 4, 2013 Jorge Plutzky, MD Co-Director, Preventive Cardiology Director, The Lipid Clinic Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women s Hospital
More informationLecture 8 Cardiovascular Health Lecture 8 1. Introduction 2. Cardiovascular Health 3. Stroke 4. Contributing Factors
Lecture 8 Cardiovascular Health 1 Lecture 8 1. Introduction 2. Cardiovascular Health 3. Stroke 4. Contributing Factors 1 Human Health: What s Killing Us? Health in America Health is the U.S Average life
More informationIschemic Modified Albumin Predicts Critical Coronary Artery Disease in Unstable Angina Pectoris and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Original Article J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(7):570-575 Ischemic Modified Albumin Predicts Critical Coronary Artery Disease in Unstable Angina Pectoris and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Abdullah Orhan
More informationDepartment of Rheumatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 2
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2016; 20: 4294-4298 Study on the levels of uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in ACS patients and their relationships with the extent
More informationEssam Mahfouz, MD. Professor of Cardiology, Mansoura University
By Essam Mahfouz, MD. Professor of Cardiology, Mansoura University Agenda Definitions Classifications Epidemiology Risk stratification What is new? What is MI? Myocardial infarction is the death of part
More informationHEART AND SOUL STUDY OUTCOME EVENT - MORBIDITY REVIEW FORM
REVIEW DATE REVIEWER'S ID HEART AND SOUL STUDY OUTCOME EVENT - MORBIDITY REVIEW FORM : DISCHARGE DATE: RECORDS FROM: Hospitalization ER Please check all that may apply: Myocardial Infarction Pages 2, 3,
More informationInternational Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Vol. 4(2), pp , September, ISSN:
International Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Vol. 4(2), pp. 072-078, September, 2018. www.premierpublishers.org, ISSN: 3102-9869 IJCCR Research Article Copeptin as a Novel Biomarker
More informationInt.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.2016; 4(2):
A Comparative study of Vitamin D in Non ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction and ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction patients M.Shobana 1 *, B.Sasi Kumar 2 and P.Arunachalam 3 1 Junior Resident,
More informationRikshospitalet, University of Oslo
Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo Preventing heart failure by preventing coronary artery disease progression European Society of Cardiology Dyslipidemia 29.08.2010 Objectives The trends in cardiovascular
More informationResults of Ischemic Heart Disease
Ischemic Heart Disease: Angina and Myocardial Infarction Ischemic heart disease; syndromes causing an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply (inadequate myocardial blood flow) related to
More informationLAMIS (Livalo in AMI Study)
JCR 2018. 12. 8 LAMIS (Livalo in AMI Study) Young Joon Hong Division of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju, Korea Trend of hypercholesterolemia in Korea < Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia
More informationClinical implications of elevated serum soluble CD137 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome
CLINICAL SCIENCE Clinical implications of elevated serum soluble CD137 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome Jinchuan Yan, Cuiping Wang, Rui Chen, Haibing Yang The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu
More informationAPPENDIX F: CASE REPORT FORM
APPENDIX F: CASE REPORT FORM Instruction: Complete this form to notify all ACS admissions at your centre to National Cardiovascular Disease Registry. Where check boxes are provided, check ( ) one or more
More informationVENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: IS THERE A LINK?
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: IS THERE A LINK? Ayman El-Menyar (1), MD, Hassan Al-Thani (2),MD (1)Clinical Research Consultant, (2) Head of Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital
More informationSupplementary material 1. Definitions of study endpoints (extracted from the Endpoint Validation Committee Charter) 1.
Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the SIGNIFY trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ivabradine in patients with stable coronary artery disease without clinical
More informationCOURAGE to Leave Diseased Arteries Alone
COURAGE to Leave Diseased Arteries Alone Spencer King MD MACC, FSCAI St. Joseph s s Heart and Vascular Institute Professor of Medicine Emeritus Emory Univ. Atlanta, USA Conflict: I am an Interventionalist
More informationSevere Coronary Vasospasm Complicated with Ventricular Tachycardia
Severe Coronary Vasospasm Complicated with Ventricular Tachycardia Göksel Acar, Serdar Fidan, Servet İzci and Anıl Avcı Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Department,
More informationIndications of Coronary Angiography Dr. Shaheer K. George, M.D Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University 2014
Indications of Coronary Angiography Dr. Shaheer K. George, M.D Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University 2014 Indications for cardiac catheterization Before a decision to perform an invasive procedure such
More informationAustralian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(36) December 2015, Pages: ISSN: Journal home page:
ISSN:1991-8178 Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Role of Biochemical Tests Artery Disease (ANP, BNP) in the Evaluation of Patients with Coronary 1 Saad
More informationReeju Manandhar, Chaofeng Sun. Original article
Original article Association of different blood parameters with the early patency of Infarct related artery in ST elevation Myocardial Infarction, a comparative analysis. Reeju Manandhar, Chaofeng Sun
More informationPathology of percutaneous interventions (PCI) in coronary arteries. Allard van der Wal, MD.PhD; Pathologie AMC, Amsterdam, NL
Pathology of percutaneous interventions (PCI) in coronary arteries Allard van der Wal, MD.PhD; Pathologie AMC, Amsterdam, NL Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Definition: transcatheter opening of
More informationThe Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score
Plasma Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and the Calculated Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score Michelle A. Albert, MD, MPH; Robert J. Glynn, PhD; Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH Background Although
More informationThe PROSPECT Trial. A Natural History Study of Atherosclerosis Using Multimodality Intracoronary Imaging to Prospectively Identify Vulnerable Plaque
The PROSPECT Trial Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree A Natural History Study of Atherosclerosis Using Multimodality Intracoronary Imaging to Prospectively
More informationBiomarkers of myocardial infarction. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013
Biomarkers of myocardial infarction Dr. Mamoun Ahram Cardiovascular system, 2013 References This lecture Hand-outs Acute Myocardial Infarction A rapid development of myocardial necrosis caused by prolonged
More informationIn the name of GOD. Animal models of cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction & hypertension
In the name of GOD Animal models of cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction & hypertension 44 Presentation outline: Cardiovascular diseases Acute myocardial infarction Animal models for myocardial
More information