PassAssured's Pharmacy Technician Training Systems. Medication Review. Cardiovascular Drugs. Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC
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1 Medication Review Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Passassured, LLC p1
2 Medication Review, Cardiovascular Drugs Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File (.pdf) (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Definitions Therapeutic Classes Cardiac Glycosides Antiarrhythmics Antianginals Vasodilators Calcium Channel Blockers Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Angiotensin II Inhibitors Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers Antilipidemic Agents Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - passassured.com -o- p2
3 Definitions Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File (.pdf) (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Cardiovascular System Composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins Transports nutrients to tissues and removes wastes from tissues Arrhythmia Abnormal heart rhythm or heartbeats which vary from the normal orderly sequence. This can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood Angina Chest pain caused by an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscle Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - passassured.com -o- p3
4 Therapeutic Classes Click Here for Glossary Index! Click Here to Print Topic Help File (.pdf) (Internet Access is Required for this Feature) Cardiac Glycosides Obtained from the digitalis plant and exert powerful action on the heart, increasing the muscles contraction and improving irregular heartbeats Use Congestive heart failure (CHF) Some arrhythmias Unknown, but cardiac glycosides increase the contraction of the heart Nausea/vomiting Confusion Arrhythmias Yellow/green halos Low therapeutic index Digoxin (Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin Digitex) Antiarrhythmics Help to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms Multiple classes have different effects on the heart to affect its rhythm Nausea/vomiting Confusion p4
5 Arrhythmias Lidocaine (Xylocaine ) Procainamide (Procan ) Quinidine (Quinidex ) Amiodarone (Cordarone ) Disopyramide (Norpace ) Mexiletine (Mexitil ) Flecainide (Tambocor ) Propafenone (Rythmol ) Adenosine (Adenocard ) Dofetilide (Tikosyn ) Antianginals Angina Decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart, decreasing the heart rate or decreasing the resistance to pump, and decreases the amount of work for the heart Headaches - because of dilation of blood vessels Dizziness Low blood pressure Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat ) Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil ) Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur, ISMO, Monoket ) Calcium channel blockers Nitroglycerin is also available as transdermal patches NOTE: Nitroglycerin should avoid heat and stored with a tightly sealed lid p5
6 Vasodilators Peripheral vascular disease caused by arteriosclerosis and advanced diabetes Dilate peripheral blood vessels Increase blood flow to extremities by relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood vessels Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Hydralazine (Apresoline ) - Use to decrease blood pressure Nitroprusside (Nitropress ) - Used in hospitals to decrease blood pressure Papaverine (Pavabid ) Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan ) Nitrates (Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate) Calcium Channel Blockers Use Hypertension Angina Dilate coronary arteries, reduce oxygen demand on the heart, and decrease heart rate Constipation Nifedipine (Procardia ) Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin ) Diltiazem (Cardizem ) Nicardipine (Cardene ) p6
7 Amlodipine (Norvasc ) Felodipine (Plendil ) Nisoldipine (Sular ) Bepridil (Vascor ) Isradipine (DynaCirc ) Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Hypertension Congestive heart failure Prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II NOTE: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and fluid retention Cough - If the cough is persistent try another ACE Inhibitor Captopril (Capoten ) Enalapril (Vasotec ) Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil ) Benazepril (Lotensin ) Fosinopril (Monopril ) Quinapril (Accupril ) Ramipril (Altace ) Moexipril (Univasc ) Perindopril (Aceon ) Trandolapril (Mavik ) Angiotensin II Inhibitors Use Hypertension Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) p7
8 Inhibits Angiotensin II Reduces vasoconstriction and blood pressure Losartan (Cozaar ) Valsartan (Diovan ) Irbesartan (Avapro ) Candersartan (Atacand ) Telmisaratan (Micardis ) Eprosaratan (Teveten ) Olmesartan (Benicar ) Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Hypertension Angina Inhibits the action at the beta receptors on the heart Some are selective for the beta cells only on the heart, while others are non-selective and can act in other places within the body, e.g. lungs Hypotension Bronchoconstriction - not used with asthma patient. If used must be with caution Dizziness Atenolol (Tenormin ) Metoprolol (Lopressor ) Propranolol (Inderal ) Nadol (Corgard ) Pindolol (Visken ) Sotalol (Betapace ) p8
9 Acebutolol (Sectral ) Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate ) Timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic ) Bisoprolol (Zebeta ) Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers Hypertension Severe congestive heart failure Inhibits the action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels Orthostatic hypotension Dizziness Prazosin (Minipress ) Terazosin (Hytrin ) Doxazosin (Cardura ) Methyldopa (Aldomet ) Antilipidemic Agents Heart disease High cholesterol Reduce serum lipids and minimize the rate of new fat deposition Diarrhea Constipation p9
10 Flushing Lovastatin (Mevacor ) - - decreases LDL, decreases Triglycerides Gemfibrozil (Lopid ) - - decreases LDL, decreases Triglycerides, increases HDL Nicotinic acid/niacin - B3 vitamin Mechanism of action - decreases LDL, decreases Triglycerides, increases HDL Cholestyramine (Questran ) - - decrease LDL Pravastatin (Pravachol ) Simvastatin (Zocor ) Atorvastatin (Lipitor ) Fluvastatin (Lescol ) Colestipol (Colestid ) Colesevelam (WelChol ) Rosulvastatin (Crestor ) Fenofibrate (Tricor ) Ezetimibe( Zetia ) Vytorin Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Pass Assured, LLC, Pharmacy Technician Training Systems Copyright Pass Assured, LLC, Web Site - passassured.com -o- p10
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