Cardiovascular System

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1 Cardiovascular System Blood vessels, heart and blood Functions Transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones White blood cells fighting disease Temperature regulation

2 Blood vessels; Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart Most carry oxygen-rich blood (bright red) except the pulmonary artery Walls are thick and muscular

3 Arteries expand and relax as the heart beats The pulse: pulse points on body surface Arteries have high pressures Blood vessels: Veins Veins carry blood back to the heart Carry deoxygenated blood; little oxygen (dark reddish/blue) except the pulmonary veins Walls of veins are thin and pressures are low Valves to prevent back flow of blood

4 Blood Vessels; Capillaries Capillaries; smallest blood vessels Connect arteries and veins Very thin walls one cell layer Diffusion of substances (e.g. oxygen) occurs through the walls

5

6 Lymph vessels travel near the veins carry blood-like fluid; no red blood cells These vessels empty into large veins Lymph vessels pass through lymph nodes; of filter the lymph Lymph Vessels cardia- = heart Heart Location; slightly left of center in chest cavity; lungs on each side Striated involuntary muscle; myocardium

7 Heart myths #1: I would know if I had high blood pressure or high cholesterol #2: Heart disease treats men and women the same #3: Younger Women Aren't at Risk #4: Exercise is too risky if you have heart disease. #5: Aspirin and Omega-3 fatty Acids Are All Good #6: Once I Have Heart Disease, That's It Heart chambers contain blood Left and right atrium (atria pl.); upper Left and right ventricle; lower

8 Heart valves One way valves prevent blood back flow As valves close, makes lub-dupp sound of the heart beat Found between the atria and ventricles Found between the ventricles and the arteries

9 Normal Heart Sound 17 Heart murmur! valve doesn t close properly 18

10 Aortic stenosis! narrowing of the aortic valve 19 Blood flow through heart Superior & Inferior Vena Cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery to lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta to the body

11 21

12 Vena Cava; deoxygenated blood Pulmonary artery; deoxygenated Pulmonary vein; oxygenated Aorta; oxygenated

13 Coronary arteries These supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients What would happen if a coronary artery gets blocked? SA node is the pacemaker of the heart Location; wall of the right atrium SA node cardiac cells contract fastest All cardiac cells are interconnected. SA node sets the pace of the entire heart about beats per minute at rest. Heart Physiology

14 Heart Physiology Heart muscle contraction is electrical Monitored with electrodes Recorded as an ECG or EKG - ElectroCardioGram One complete heart beat. Systole = contraction phase blood is ejected from the ventricles Normal systolic pressure = 120 mm Hg Cardiac Cycle

15 Cardiac Cycle Diastole = relaxation phase Chambers refill with blood Diastolic pressure is low in the heart Normal is 80 mm Hg 30

16 Cardiovascular Pathology Hypertension is continuous high blood pressure. > 160/95 mm Hg Affects 20 % of American Population Causes heredity Obesity Stress Smoking Diet Hypertension

17 Arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries Associated with hypertension Increased risk of an unwanted blood clot in the arteries Weakening and ballooning of an artery Associated with hypertension Can lead to a burst artery Aneurysm

18 Coronary Artery Disease Excessive cholesterol build up in the arterial wall especially the coronary arteries Associated with saturated fats in the diet Atherosclerosis fatty plaques in the wall of an artery Coronary arteries blocked; heart muscle dies from lack of oxygen and nutrients Treatments clot busting drugs angioplasty to open up clogged arteries; bypass surgery around the blockage Heart Attack

19 Angina Chest pains due to lack of oxygen in heart muscle cells Often occurs after physical exertion Forewarning of a possible heart attack

20 39 Varicose Veins Damaged veins become distended Damage to valves Varicose veins near the anus are called hemorrhoids Treatments anti-inflammatory drugs rest vein injections surgery

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