Transcription

1 Caledonia Science

2 the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, The is the muscle that moves the blood throughout the highway system of vessles. The blood supplies the organs with nutrients and oxygen as well as eliminating waste

3 The heart is located under the rib cage, to the left of the breastbone (sternum) and between the lungs. Your heart is an amazing organ. Shaped like an upside-down pear, this fist-sized powerhouse pumps five or six quarts of blood each minute to all parts of your body. Outside the Heart Looking at the outside of the heart, you can see the heart is made of muscle. The strong muscular walls contract (squeeze), pumping blood to the arteries.

4 Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts parts. Lungs the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. Body cells the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.

5 The Heart This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart. 2 atria 2 ventricles Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply The heart has four chambers now lets look inside the heart

6 blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. ARTERY b. VEIN c. CAPILLARY

7 The VEIN n the circulatory system, veins (from the Latin vena) are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; Arteries (from Greek meaning "windpipe, artery")are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. While most arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this norm, the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.

8 Capillaries The capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels and are part of the microcirculation. The capillaries have a width of a single cell in diameter to aid in the fast and easy diffusion of gases, sugars and nutrients to surrounding tissues. Functions of These small diameters of the capillaries provide a relatively large surface area for the exchange of gases and nutrients What capillaries do In the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen In the tissues, oxygen and carbon dioxide and nutrients and wastes are exchanged In the kidneys, wastes are released to be eliminated from the body In the intestine, nutrients are picked up, and wastes released

9 red blood cells what s in digested food white blood cells oxygen waste (urea) carbon dioxide platelets plasma hormones

10 The Blood red blood cell white blood cell platelets plasma

11 Red Blood Cells a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus contain haemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

12 White Blood Cells there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus. the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages. macrophages eat and digest micro-organisms. some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.

13 Platelets Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells. Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.

14 Plasma It also contains useful things like; carbon dioxide A strawcoloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot. glucose amino acids proteins minerals vitamins hormones waste materials like urea.

15 SUMMARY copy and complete the following; Arteries take blood from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood the heart and also have valves. The link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and to help blood clot.

16 SUMMARY copy and complete the following; Arteries take blood away from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick muscular walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood towards the heart and also have valves. The capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things, plasma the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ; oxygen White Blood cells to protect platelets the body from disease and to help blood clot.