The Body s Transport System (pp )
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1 The Body s Transport System (pp ) This section describes how the heart, blood vessels, and blood work together to carry materials throughout the body. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, complete the cycle diagram below that shows the path that blood follows as it circulates through the body. Write each step of the pathway in a separate circle. Right side of heart Lungs The Cardiovascular System (pp ) 1. Another name for the cardiovascular system is the system. 2. Complete this concept map to show what makes up the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular system the heart is made up of 262
2 3. What three things are carried throughout the body by the cardiovascular system? The Heart (pp ) 4. Each time the heart beats, what does it do to blood? 5. Complete the table about the chambers of the heart. Chambers of the Heart Questions Upper Chambers Lower Chambers What are these chambers called? How many are there? What is the function, or job, of these chambers? 6. A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward is a(n). 7. The group of cells that adjusts the speed of the heart beat is called the. 8. When blood flows through the heart, what force pushes the blood out of the heart and into the arteries? 263
3 The Body s Transport System (continued) A Two-Loop System (pp ) 9. Name the three kinds of blood vessels. 10. Describe the loop in which the blood picks up oxygen. 11. Draw arrows on the diagram below to show how blood circulates through the body. The first arrow should start in the right atrium. Blood vessels in lungs Artery to lungs Vein from lungs Right atrium Left atrium Vein from body Right ventricle Left ventricle Artery to body Blood vessels in body 12. The largest artery in the body is called the. 264
4 Arteries (pp ) 13. What is the structure of an artery? 14. Arteries carry blood away from the. 15. Is the following sentence true or false? The coronary arteries provide the stomach with its blood supply. 16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about pulse. a. The faster your heart beats, the slower your pulse will be. b. Pulse is caused by the expanding and narrowing of artery walls. c. When you count pulse beats, you are also counting heartbeats. d. You can feel pulse in veins but not in arteries. 17. Is the following sentence true or false? Arteries control the amount of blood that different organs receive. Capillaries (p. 545) 18. What important thing happens in the capillaries? 19. One process in which materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells is. 265
5 The Body s Transport System (continued) Veins (p. 546) 20. What job do veins carry out? 21. What three things help push blood through veins? a. b. c. 22. Is the following sentence true or false? The walls of veins are generally much thinner than those of the arteries. Blood Pressure (pp ) 23. What is blood pressure? 24. As blood moves away from the heart, does the blood pressure increase or decrease? 25. Circle the letter of the name of the instrument that measures blood pressure. a. stethoscope b. X-ray machine c. sphygmomanometer d. mercury 266
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