Cardiovascular System

Transcription

1 Cardiovascular System

2 BELLWORK: Define using technology angio hemo/hema cardio brady as in bradycardia tachy as in tachycardia

3 Standards 8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained. 19) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Medical Assisting Skills, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following: a. Temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure assessment b. Screening for vision problems

4 Objectives Describe homeostasis in the circulatory system. Identify the structures and functions of the heart and its major arteries and veins. Label/Color the heart diagram.

5 Homeostasis The purpose of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and other materials throughout the entire body. The circulatory system can also transport materials from the cells and organs to other organs used to expel or use these useless or useful items. (Examples: proteins, glucose, drugs, CO2, O2, even fecal matter)

6 The Heart The Heart Pumps blood through the blood vessels to all body cells. Is covered by a protective sac called the pericardium. Based on previous lessons, what area is the space between the lungs called that the heart and its vessels reside in? Is divided into right and left sides by the septum. Each side consists of an atria and a ventricle. These are divided into chambers.

7 Layers of the Heart Layers of the Heart Inside the pericardium, the heart has three layers of tissue. Epicardium (outermost layer) endocardium Myocardium (middle layer of muscular tissue) Endocardium (inner layer) myocardium epicardium

8 Heart Chambers Heart Chambers Right and left atria are the upper chambers of the heart. Right and left ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. Fibers in the ventricles (Purkinje fibers) cause the ventricles to contract. Blood flows through the heart in only one direction regulated by valves.

9 Why is the left on the right side of the picture? Label the chambers and the valves.

10 APEX What is the function of these valves?

11 Arteries Carry blood away from the heart. Arteries and Veins This is done through three types of circulation. V e i n s Carry blood toward the heart.

12 Coronary Coronary Circulation Circulation Circulation of blood within the heart muscle by the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries branch off of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. Coronary arteries encircle the heart to supply the heart muscle with about 100 gallons of blood daily. The heart requires more oxygen than any other organ in the body except the brain.

13 Pulmonary Pulmonary Circulation Circulation Circulation of blood between the heart and lungs. Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to carry blood low in oxygen. Pulmonary veins are the only veins to carry oxygen rich blood.

14 APEX Label the Arteries and Veins on your diagram!

15 Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the entire body. artery arteriole capillary venule vein Blood travels through the body in a surge as a result of the heart contractions. Blood vessels become smaller in diameter as the blood leaves the heart. If the blood flow is not the heart or lungs, what are specific examples of where the systemic blood flow travels?

16

17 Activity: Watch the video from Khan Academy. Use the video and your book to complete labeling the heart (page 327)!!! Next use red and blue colors to distinguish the oxygen rich blood and the oxygen poor blood. Then use your book to draw the path of blood flow in the human body (page 328)!!

18 Bellwork Day 2 Define: Hypertension Hypotension

19 Conduction System Sinoatrial node (Pacemaker) Atrioventricular node Bundle of His Right and Left Bundle Branches Purkinje Fibers Use your technology, label these on your heart diagram with pen or marker.

20 Conduction System Part 2 Conduction System The heart s pacemaker causes regular contracting of the myocardium resulting in a regular heartbeat or pulse, which is beats per minute.

21 Conduction Conduction SystemPart 3 Factors affecting the heart rate: Health status Physical activity Emotions Medicine Drug use Alcohol During one cardiac cycle the heart contracts and relaxes. Cardiac Cycle = 1 contraction + 1 relaxation

22 Common Pulse Locations in the following arteries: BRACHIAL pulse used to measure blood pressure in the arm CAROTID major artery to head and neck, pulse in the neck RADIAL pulse in the wrist, usually used to take a pulse rate POPLITEAL behind the knee, used to determine blood flow to legs when arteriosclerosis is suspected PEDAL- top of the foot checked with foot injuries

23 Activity: Practice checking your pulse with a partner. Use your radial artery. You may time each other for a full minute or measure for 15 seconds and then multiply by 4.

24 Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Measures the force of the blood surging against the walls of the arteries. Systole Contraction phase of the heart Diastole Relaxation phase of the heart

25 Blood Pressure Hypertension (too high) Hypotension (too low) Blood pressure abnormalities can damage the heart and other body systems. The average blood pressure should be around 120/80. Surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE measured when the ventricles are relaxed Average systolic = 120 Average diastolic = 80 Activity: Obtain blood pressure from your partner!!!

26 Activity: Directed Reading Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm In addition to answering the 10 questions also complete the following: Define abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Draw Figure 2 and then describe the anatomy of the aortic arch in 5-7 sentences. How does age affect the aorta? List a few possible risk factors related to AAA. Describe the signs and symptoms related to a AAA. List some possible tests given to screen for AAA. Name at least three healthcare professionals a patient who is being screened or treated for AAA might come in contact with. Describes the types of AAA repair, including treatment for a ruptured AAA. Describe possible risks or complications after AAA repair. Name all of the imaging modalities that would be involved with a AAA patient.