Unit 4 Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory System

Transcription

1 Unit 4 Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory System Test Date Project Due Lesson 1 The Cardiovascular System Homework: read pages and take notes Warm up Finding Target Heart rate (220 age) x.65 = 65% fitness level (220 age) x.85 = 85% fitness level In order to be considered physically fit you must reach your target heart rate for 30 consecutive minutes, 3 days a week. The top formula calculates your heart rate at a 65% fitness level and the bottom formula calculates your heart rate at an 85% fitness level. - As you become more physically fit your resting heart rate can decrease over time due to the fact that it doesn t have to work as hard. - heart - made of cardiac muscle tissue - 2 sides - right side pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs - left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body - each side has 2 chambers - upper chamber atrium - lower chamber ventricle - valves - located between chambers and where large arteries attach to the heart - prevent blood from going backward - the sound of heartbeat we hear is caused by them closing 1

2 - Blood Vessels - Arties - carries blood away from the heart to the body s organs - heartbeat pumps blood into arties at high pressure blood pressure - pulse rhythmic changes in your blood pressure - Capillaries - tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue - only 1 cell thick - bring nutrients, oxygen and other substances to the cells - removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells - Veins - in biology, a vessel that carries blood to the heart - pushed back to the heart when muscles contract In the capillaries blood takes up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the veins of the left atrium Right ventricle pumps oxygenpoor blood into the arteries that lead to the lungs Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle into arteries and then into capillaries Oxygen-poor blood travels back into the heart As blood travels through capillaries, it transports oxygen, nutrients and water to the cells while carrying away waste materials and carbon dioxide 2

3 - Cardiovascular Problems - Causes smoking, high levels of cholesterol in the blood, stress, physical inactivity or heredity - can help eating a healthy diet and getting plenty of exercise - Atherosclerosis - the buildup of material inside the artery which can become blocked restricting blood flow that can lead to a heart attack - High Blood Pressure (hypertension) - abnormally high blood pressure - can lead to a stroke blood vessel in the brain become clogged or rupture - brain cells can die because of lack of oxygen - Heart Attack - happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damages - Heart Failure - happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body s needs Lesson 2 Blood Homework: read pages and take notes Blood Type game Receiver s Can receive Can receive Can receive Can receive Blood type type O? Type A? Type B? Type AB? O A B AB 3

4 - The circulatory system is made up of your heart, blood vessels and blood is responsible for transporting needed materials to the body s cells. Blood the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up of plasma, red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. - helps regulate the body s temperature by enlarging and shrinking - Plasma mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins and other substances, and contains the following - Red Blood Cells (RBC s) - take oxygen to every cell - hemoglobin oxygen-carrying protein and give blood its red color - Platelets - pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow - last only 5 to 10 days - clump together to plug a damage area to reduce blood loss and release chemicals to help blood clot - White Blood Cells (WBC s) - help keep the body healthy by destroying pathogens and clean wounds - fight pathogens - destroy them by releasing antibodies - destroy body cells that have died or been damaged - created in bone marrow and mature in the lymphatic system 4

5 - Blood Pressure the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries and is given in 2 numbers - Systolic pressure is the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract - diastolic pressure is the pressure inside the arteries when the ventricles relax Blood Types - 4 types A, B, AB, or O - antigens are the surface chemicals on RBC s that make blood different types - Also have different antibodies in the plasma which Lesson 3 The Respiratory System Homework: read pages and take notes Snore Lab Questions 1. How was your humming different when wax paper was pressed to your mouth? 2. Use your observations to guess what might cause snoring. 5

6 - Respiration the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing (inhaling and exhaling) and cellular respiration (chemical reaction that release energy from food) - Respiratory System a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. - Nose main passageway into the system - Pharynx (throat) passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus branches into two tubes esophagus goes to the stomach while the larynx goes to the lungs - Larynx area of the throat that contains the vocal cords ( elastic bands that stretch across the larynx) and produces vocal sounds when air flowing between them makes the cords vibrate - Trachea (windpipe) the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs - Bronchi one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea - Alveoli any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. This exchange between the alveoli and capillaries allows oxygen to enter the blood. 6

7 Cellular Respiration - oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose. - oxygen is diffused out of the red blood cells and into each cell - cells use the oxygen to release chemical energy during, carbon dioxide and water are produced carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs Lesson 4 Excretory or Urinary System Homework: read pages and take notes Warm-up Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. - Urinary System the organs that produce, store and eliminate urine - Kidney one of the pair of organs that filter water and wastes from the blood and that excrete products as urine - Nephrons microscopic filters in the kidney that Remove water and other harmful substances from the blood Water Balance - sweat evaporation of water from your skin to cool causes less saliva to produced causing you to become thirsty - Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) controls the amount of water in the bloodstream and amount of urine produced - Diuretics causes your body to make more urine taking water from your blood 7

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10 Lesson 5 Respiratory and Urinary System Disorders Respiratory Disorders - asthma - cause the bronchioles to narrow has difficulty breathing and may be triggered by irritants such as dust or pollen - emphysema - happens when the alveoli have been damaged. People have trouble getting the oxygen they need - SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome - caused by a virus Urinary System Problems - Bacterial Infections - painful infections that needs to be treated before it reaches the kidneys can be permanently damaged - Kidney Stones - salts and other wastes that collect inside in the kidneys - Kidney Disease - damaged nephrons which causes the person to have to use a kidney machine to filter waste from the blood Lesson 6 The Integumentary System and review of other excretory systems Homework: read pages and take notes - Integumentary System the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body Your skin is the largest organ in your body 10

11 Warm-up Functions of Skin - keeps water in and foreign particles out - nerve endings let you feel things around you - sweat regulate body temperature and also removes waste Layers of Skin - epidermis the surface layer of cells on a plant or animal - dermis the layer of skin below the epidermis made of protein called collagen that provides strength 11

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13 Study Guide Circulatory system responsible for transporting needed materials to the body s cells Heart made up of cardiac muscle tissue 2 sides right pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs left pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and heart - upper chamber atrium / lower chamber ventricle In the lungs oxygen is added to blood while carbon dioxide is removed Cardiovascular system includes: heart, arteries, capillaries and veins - 2 types of blood circulation pulmonary and systemic Cardiovascular problems atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, heart attack and heart failure Blood pressure the force exerted on the walls of the arteries systolic and diastolic Main components of blood : plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets - primary function carrying oxygen and nutrients, fight pathogens and reducing blood loss - Blood types A, B, AB, and O Respiration exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells - breathing and cellular respiration alveoli and capillaries work together to allow oxygen to enter the blood Trachea tube that connects the larynx to the lungs Urinary System organs that produce, store and eliminate urine - excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body Nephrons microscopic filters in the kidney that remove waste and other harmful substance from the blood diuretics makes the body expel liquid Urinary system disorders: bacterial infections, kidney stones and kidney disease Respiratory disorders: SARS, emphysema and asthma Integumentary System forms a protective covering on the outside of the body - skin is the largest organ in your body Functions of skin - keep water in/foreign particles out lets you feels things you sweat which regulates body temperature and removes waste. 13